Investigating Catalase and Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Activities and Levels of Certain Trace Elements and Heavy Metals in Patients with Primary and Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among most common terminal cancer types in the world. Primary etiological factors include cirrhosis, hepatitis, aflatoxin and alcohol. The current study was conducted to determine cytosolic erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase and catalase enzyme activities and levels of some trace elements. For this purpose, 40 patients with primary and metastatic hepatic cancer and 29 healthy volunteers enrolled to the study. Catalase and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities and serum trace element levels were measured in patient and control groups. In the current study, serum copper, magnesium, manganese and zinc levels were lower in the primary and metastatic hepatic cancer group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). In contrast, serum iron, cobalt, cadmium and lead levels were higher in the patient relative to the control group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control group, the catalase level was lower in primary and metastatic cancer group, while the carbonic anhydrase level was higher in the cancer group (P < 0.05). Changes in levels of trace elements and anti-oxidant enzymes may be the factors which influence the development and progression of liver cancer. The carbonic anhydrase enzyme can be a useful indicator in the diagnosis of cancer. However, this issue warrants further investigation.

Plasma Concentrations of Some Trace Element and Heavy Metals in Patients with Metastatic Colon Cancer

Purpose: It is well known that trace elements and heavy metals play a significant role in human health and disease. These elements play an important role in different metabolic pathways of cells and tissues. Trace element deficiency or excess is implicated in the development or progression of some cancers. We present a study which investigates serum/ plasma levels of trace-heavy elements in metastatic colon cancer patients and healthy subjects. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 29 healthy subjects and 40 patients with metastatic colon cancer in Oncology Department of Medical School of Yuzuncu Yil University. In both groups, the serum levels of copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn) selenium (Se), manganese (Mn), and cadmium (Cd) were determined. Results: Higher levels of Cu, Mg, Pb, Cr, Zn, Mn and Cd were seen in patients with metastatic colon cancer compared to healthy subjects and these findings were statistically significant (p 0.05). Se levels were noted to be lower in patients with colon cancer in comparison to healthy subjects and this finding was also statistically significant (p 0.05). Conclusions: According to our findings there was significant diffence in trace elements and heavy metals levels between healthy subjects and metastatic colon cancer patients. Therefore heavy metal and trace elements may have prognostic significance in complex disorders including colon cancer. However, further comprehensive studies are needed in order to advance our understanding of the relationship between heavy metal and trace elements and their role in cancers.

Distribution of major and trace elements in surface sediments of Hangzhou Bay in China

The Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer was used to analyze sediment samples collected from the Hangzhou Bay to determine major and trace elemental concentrations. Based on these concentrations, the study area can be classified into three geochemical provinces. Province I covers the northern Hangzhou Bay area and contains high concentrations of A120~, Fe203, MgO, Na20, K20, MnO, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Co and Zn. Province III is located in the western Hangzhou Bay, near the Qiantang River mouth, and contains high concentrations of SiO~, Na20, P205~ TiO2, Cr, Sr, Zr. Province II is located in the middle and eastern Hangzhou Bay, with the medium concentrations of major and trace elements. The results also demonstrate that the grain size is the dominating factor controlling the spatial variations of elemental concentrations, and the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） and Qiantang River sediments play an important role in the distribution of these elements. Anthropogenic impact on heavy metal concentrations （especially Cr, Sr and Zr） can be detected in the surface sediments near the Qiantang River mouth.

Modified accumulation of selected heavy metals in Bt transgenic rice

Safety assessment of genetically modified crops generally does not take into account the potential hazard of altered patterns of heavy metal accumulation in plants. A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the impact of heavy metal amendments on the accumulation of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a Bt transgenic rice Ke-Ming-Dao （KMD） and its wild-type Xiushui 11 （Xs11）. In control soils, significant difference was only found in contents of Cu （p 〈 0.01） and Pb （p 〈 0.05） in straw between KMD and Xs11. At three levels of Cd amendments （5, 10, and 20 mg/kg）, the Cd contents in grain and straw of KMD were significantly higher than those of Xs11, and all grain Cd contents were significantly higher than the International Criteria （0.2-0.4 mg/kg） as specified by the Codex Alimentarius Commission （CAC）. These results implied that it may be unsafe for growing Bt transgenic rice in heavily Cd-polluted areas. No significant difference in Zn was found between the two varieties with the exception of roots at Zn amendment level of 600 mg/kg, while Pb contents in KMD were much higher in the straw at the lead amendment level of 1000 mg/kg and in the root at 250 mg Pb/kg. Data on the heavy metal accumulation patterns for the genetically modified rice may be used for the selection of growing areas as well as for plant residue management for Bt rice.

Main and Trace Element Contents of Tomatoes Grown in Austria

Tomatoes are one of the most popular and widespread kinds of vegetables on a global scale. Tomatoes of various varieties, sizes and shapes, were grown in 3 different greenhouses in Austria on solid substrates. After freeze drying, they were analyzed for main and trace elements by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, and combustion methods （for C, N）. Main inorganic cation was K, whereas contents of hazardous metals （e.g. Cd, Pb）, Rare Earth Elements, Si, and Ti were marginal. Due to high water contents, the contribution to the Recommended Daily Intake of essential elements is largely below 1/5 for 1 kg consumption. In spite of different varieties grown at the 3 sites, trends for concentrations versus fruit size could be noted for K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn and Si. Similarly, fruits with seeds ＋ jelly tended to contain more of almost all elements, but less of Li, Ca, Sr, and Ba, whereas P and B were equally distributed. No significant correlations between the concentrations found in tomato-fruits and the amount of soil mobilizable in 0.16 M acetic acid （exchangeable ＋ acid mobile） were found. A look into already published data from other countries reveals that element concentrations met in tomatoes presumably depend on climatic conditions and suitably adapted varieties than on the growing substrate.

Heavy metal: a misused term?

The use of the term"heavy metal"is regularly questioned by the scientific community.Here,we followed the evolution(1970–2020)in the number of published papers including this term in their title.Thus,we can evidence a continuous,albeit sometimes stabilizing,increase especially in environmental journals.After several other warning opinions,we propose that it should be replaced in the scientific literature by terms like"metal","metalloid","trace metal elements"or"potentially toxic element".

The distribution and variation of elements in sediments off the Huanghe (Yellow) River mouth

Surface sediment samples collected off the Huanghe （Yellow） River mouth during the period 2007-2009 were analyzed for major and trace element concentrations. Concentrations of 16 elements were measured using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results demonstrate that sediment grain size is the dominant factor controlling the spatial variations of elemental concentrations. Correlation and cluster analyses allowed classification of the study area into four geochemical regions： Regions Ⅰ and Ⅲare characterized by high concentrations ofAl2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, K2O, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn, and contain fine-grained sediments with mean grain size （Mz）〈22 μm; and; Regions Ⅱ and Ⅳcontain mostly coarse-grained sediments, and are characterized by high concentrations of SiO2, Na2O, and Zr. The sediment entering the sea from the Huanghe River and its tributaries is enriched in Ca. Thus, the Ca/Al ratio was used as an indicator of the proportion of sediments in the study area that originated from the Huanghe River. Ca/Al ratios decrease from Regions Ⅰ and Ⅱ（located in the nearshore zone of the Huanghe River delta） to Regions Ⅲand Ⅳ（distributed in the offshore zone of the northern Huanghe River delta, southern and southeastern Laizhou Bay area）.

Elemental Quantification in Intradermal Tattoo-Inks by Means of Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence

This work describes the application of a detailed set of TXRF evaluations to the elemental content of assorted tattoo inks, on the market of the city of Concepcion, Chile. We applied TXRF as a screening method for determining the composition in 3 sets of tattoo inks, in order to establish, from an inorganic point of view, the composition and purity of the samples, evaluating their elemental innocuousness. The analyzed 48 products were freely acquired from on line suppliers. All of them were analyzed by external standard quantification, but in order to inter-compare the results, a 15% of the samples were acidly digested and then quantified by the internal standard method. In the samples we determined: 1) their inorganic quantitative composition and, 2) the possible presence of elements which are potential health hazards. In this study few anomalies were found: 1) The high presence Ti of and W in few samples, 2) Arsenic was found in four of them, and 3) A trace detection of a rare earth element in a particular product. The products studied are almost freely imported from a world open marked, so the questions about their innocuousness could affect not only to the Chilean society.

麋鹿被毛微量元素、重金属含量及对环境污染的监测作用

哺乳动物被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量能够反映其生活状态和栖息地状况,是环境监测中重要的生物化学指示物。对北京南海子和浙江临安两地麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)种群被毛中的10种重金属和34种微量元素进行测定,以期探讨麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属含量在栖息环境监测中的可行性。结果表明:除Re元素外,其余43种元素在麋鹿被毛中均被检出,统计分析表明Li、Be、Sc、V、Co、Ga、Rb、Ir、Mo、Cd、Cs、Ba、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Tl、Bi、Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr和Hf 34种元素为麋鹿被毛的特征元素;与北京南海子麋鹿种群相比,浙江临安麋鹿种群被毛中的微量元素Sr、In、Sb、W、Bi、U和重金属元素Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd含量更少,其余32种元素含量均高于北京南海子麋鹿种群;独立样本t检验分析表明,麋鹿被毛微量元素和重金属元素含量存在地域差异性,仅Cr(p=0.064)、Ni(p=0.769)、Mo(p=0.129)、Tl(p=0.065)、Zr(p=0.138)和Hf(p=0.057)6种元素差异不显著,其余37种元素差异均显著;北京南海子和浙江临安麋鹿种群的栖息环境和食物均未受到Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Cd、V、Co、Ni、Sb和Tl 10种重金属元素污染的威胁。研究表明,麋鹿被毛可作为栖息环境重金属污染的非损伤监测指示材料。

不同产地连翘质量的研究现状分析

目的总结不同产地连翘质量控制的研究现状。方法通过收集连翘中主要化学成分的研究文献资料,对不同产地连翘中主要化学成分(总挥发油、连翘酯苷A、连翘酯苷B、连翘苷和微量元素钠、锰、锌、铁、镁、钾、钙、铬、锗、硒及重金属铅、镉、砷、汞、铜)的含量研究结果进行数据收集和比较。结果由统计分析结果可知,陕西、湖北、安徽的样本挥发油质量分数均值约为1.7%,为最高;河南、陕西和山西的连翘酯苷A含量排名靠前,分别为5.47%、4.90%、4.83%;山西连翘中的连翘酯苷B样本量最高且含量均值高于其他产地;山西连翘微量元素优势较大,山西运城、太原、临汾、晋中产地的连翘中的Mn、Fe、Mg、K、Ca、Cr、Ge、Se质量分数居于前列,Na、Zn分别是河南三门峡、河北邯郸产地较优;各产地连翘的重金属含量均未超标。结论山西、河南、陕西、河北作为连翘的主要产区,多种化学成分的质量分数普遍高于其他产区,品质更为优良。本文为开展不同产地连翘的共性和个性特征研究提供了数据支撑,为各产地连翘的质量控制提供了参考。

燕山北部山地华北落叶松人工林大气湿沉降的养分输入研究

为了解燕山北部山地森林全年降水中养分的输入情况,本研究以燕山北部山地华北落叶松(Larix principisrupprechtii)人工林为研究对象,对2020年8月—2021年7月该地区的降水进行收集,并测定降水中大量元素、微量元素和重金属元素的含量,分析了各元素沉降的季节动态和元素间的相关性。结果表明:(1)大量元素沉降量整体表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季,其中氮、磷、钾、硫元素的总沉降量分别为9.87、0.04、2.28、240.59 kg/hm^(2)。(2)微量元素中大部分元素的沉降量同样表现为夏季最高;氯、铁、锰、锌、铜元素的沉降总量值分别为6582.39、12.76、6.26、30.32、3.91 g/hm^(2);硼元素的沉降量为春季最高,沉降总量值为68.18 g/hm^(2)。(3)重金属元素中铬、锂、镍3种元素的沉降量为夏季最高,总沉降量分别为2.30、2.42、1.64 g/hm^(2);镉、钴2种元素的沉降量为秋季最高,总沉降量分别为0.43、0.14 g/hm^(2);铅元素的沉降量为冬季最高,总沉降量为1.41 g/hm^(2)。(4)元素相关性分析结果显示,总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)与钾,氯元素、锌元素与锰元素都呈现正相关关系,所以大量元素中的氮、磷、钾,微量元素中的锰、锌、氯可能有着相同的来源或相似的迁移规律。本研究初步明确了燕山北部山地森林全年降水中的养分输入量,对于认识该地区森林的养分循环有重要意义。

菊花茶中重金属和微量元素溶出特性研究

为了探究菊花茶和茶汤中重金属及微量元素含量,指导菊花茶的饮用,对浙江主要菊花茶品种皇菊和金丝皇菊的重金属和微量元素含量及其溶出特性进行了分析。通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、As等7种重金属和K、Na、Ca、Mg、Se、Fe和Mn等7种微量元素的含量,并参照传统泡茶方式对不同浸泡时间及不同浸泡次数条件下的皇菊和金丝皇菊中重金属和微量元素的溶出特性进行研究。结果发现,两种菊花中Cd含量均超标,但茶汤中的Cd与其他重金属符合生活饮用水标准,随着浸泡时间延长,菊花中重金属和微量元素的溶出率逐渐增加,Cd的总溶出率仅9.9%~11.8%,Cr、Pb的总溶出率也在10%以下,但Cu、Zn、Ni、As溶出率较高,在45.0%~71.6%,微量元素的溶出率在1.7%~84.0%,其中K、Na、Se元素的溶出率较高,最高分别达到了84.0%、72.9%、78.0%;随着浸泡次数增加,菊花中重金属和微量元素的溶出率逐渐降低,在第一次浸泡后,菊花中Cd、Cr、Pb的溶出率较低,分别在0.3%~8.0%,Cd、Cr、Pb的初次溶出量占溶出总量50%~100%,Cu、Zn、Ni、As在第一次浸泡后,溶出量占总量的28%~63%,第一次浸泡后,菊花中的K和Se的溶出率较高,达到30.6%~65.8%,Na、Ca、Mg、Mn的溶出率在5.8%~29.4%。微量元素第一次浸泡溶出量占溶出总量的41%~100%。两种菊花中,金丝皇菊第一次浸泡溶出的重金属和微量元素比例均较高。通过延长浸泡时间可增加茶汤中重金属和微量元素的溶出,弃去初泡水的方式,虽然去除了过半含量的重金属,但同时也损失了大量微量元素,建议泡茶时延长浸泡时间。

不同蛋白原料中矿物质元素含量分析

本试验旨在研究不同蛋白原料中常量元素、微量元素、重金属元素等26种元素的含量及分布规律,分析其含量差异可能成因,为不同蛋白原料科学利用提供数据依据。本实验利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术,系统分析了鸡肉粉、鱼粉、花生浓缩蛋白、大豆浓缩蛋白、棉籽蛋白、菌体蛋白、藻粉和昆虫粉等8种15批次的蛋白原料中元素组成及分布规律。结果表明,所有蛋白原料均含有供试矿物质元素,不同种类的蛋白原料矿物质元素含量差异较大(P<0.05);某些元素在同种不同来源的原料中含量水平差异显著(P<0.05);存在蛋白原料中单一元素含量明显高于其他原料的现象(P<0.05)。通过对数据结果的分析有利于推广应用新型蛋白质饲料原料,促进我国养殖业的可持续发展。

基于CiteSpace的中外煤矸石综合利用可视化分析

煤矸石的大量堆积不仅浪费资源,而且严重污染周围环境。运用CiteSpace可视化软件及文献计量方法,对2008~2023年间中外煤矸石综合利用研究领域的发展情况进行对比分析,挖掘热点前沿。研究表明:国内外煤矸石综合利用研究不断向高技术化和合成高附加值产品方向迈进,煤矸石各项性能研究成为侧重点。国内各地区煤矸石化学组成成分差异大,综合利用方法不尽相同,相关研究呈现多元化特征。我国大力提倡固体废物资源化利用,并且不断引进其他国家先进技术,从而形成了以我国为中心较大规模的跨国合作网络。国际上煤矸石资源化利用进程领先于国内,有些国家和地区矿区煤矸石利用率已达100%。国外率先注意到了煤矸石利用后的环境污染问题,现今国内也在持续关注,其中煤矸石中重金属和有毒微量元素的污染是研究重点。未来煤矸石综合利用研究方向将集中在合成高附加值产品和环境无污染上,同时图像识别、机器识别等煤矸石智能选矿技术将成为研究热点。

不同种质花椒果皮微量元素含量分析

对花椒果皮微量元素进行鉴别和分类是花椒种质资源开发利用的基础,分析不同花椒种质微量元素含量的差异性,为当地筛选花椒优异种质。本文以陕西韩城花椒试验站收集的15种全国花椒特异种质为实验材料,采用ICP-MS法测定花椒中矿物质元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和重金属元素Al、As、Cr、Cd、Pb、Hg共10种微量元素的含量。结果表明,花椒中矿物质元素含量Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu,ZB7(莱芜大红袍)、ZB15(太空花椒)、ZB2(韩城大红袍(嫁接))、ZB1(仡佬无刺花椒)中4种矿物质元素总量最高;重金属元素含量Al>Cr>Pb>Cd>As>Hg,综合总金属含量和目标风险系数得出结论,ZB3(韩城大红袍(优株))、ZB10(莱芜大红袍)、ZB11(阳泉大红袍)、ZB6(临沂小花椒)的重金属含量更少,总风险系数小,患癌风险小,品质最好。

水中痕量重金属元素测定的影响因素研究

在分析痕量水中重金属时,应选择合适的器皿、化学试剂、实验用水等,可有效减少系统误差。本文对试剂纯度、容器材质、实验用水以及针孔滤膜处理方式进行实验论证。结果表明:使用聚丙烯材质的容器、高纯度试剂、一级水以及针孔滤膜过滤时弃去前面2 mL的滤液,检测痕量重金属时所引入的杂质较少,产生的干扰较少,使分析结果更准确、数据更可靠。

重金属及微量元素诱导蓝藻形成液泡

鱼腥藻 5 95 (Anabaenasp 5 95 )、织线藻 2 4 6 (Plectonemaboryanum 2 4 6 )和伪枝藻2 4 8(Scynetonemahofmanni 2 4 8)在两种重金属汞、镉和两种微量元素铜、锌诱导下 ,藻丝细胞均能发生膨大、液泡化现象。不同重金属及微量元素对 3种蓝藻液泡化诱导作用强弱程度不同。汞的诱导作用明显强于镉、铜和锌 ,0 1μmol/L汞可诱导 3种蓝藻发生液泡化。采用压片法均观察到诱导形成的液泡 ,液泡在相差显微镜下显示为圆球形 。

温控湿法消解ICP-MS测定全血中铅镉硒砷汞5种微量元素

采用温控HNO3-H2O2湿法消解,ICP-MS测定全血中Pb,Cd,Se,As,Hg 5种微量元素的含量。在选定的测试条件下,仪器系统稳定性良好,Pb等5种元素的检出限范围2～40 ng.L-1,全过程中样品均重复测定3次,RSD均在3%内。采用国家全血溶液标准物质GBW(E)09034-09036和人发标准物质GBW09101b中的相应元素进行质量控制,检测结果和推荐值相吻合。同时,应用本方法实测了湘西汞矿区34名村民全血中的5种元素的含量,结果表明:矿区村民Se和As处于正常水平,血Pb、血Cd、血Hg含量均偏高,有较高的健康风险,应当引起有关部门的重视。本方法快速、灵敏,精密度及准确度均符合要求,适于人体全血样中Pb,Cd,Se,As,Hg等微量元素的测定。

烟草中微量元素和重金属检测进展

按分析过程,即样品的前处理和检测方法综述了烟草中微量元素和重金属的检测,前处理方法包括灰化法、消化法、微波消解、超声波提取、固相萃取及悬浮液直接进样法等,检测方法包括分光光度法、原子光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法和中子活化法等。认为建立统一的快速准确的烟草微量元素和重金属检测方法,将是烟草行业亟待解决的重要研究课题之一。

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定饮用水中6种痕量重金属元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）法同时测定饮用水中的镉、铬、铅、锌、铜、镍6种元素的含量。对仪器工作参数进行了优化,选取45Sc,72Ge,115In,209Bi作为测定元素的内标元素,有效克服了基体效应、接口效应及仪器波动所产生的影响,利用八极杆碰撞/反应池技术,消除多原子离子对待测元素的干扰。测定元素校准曲线的相关系数都在0.999 7以上,各元素的检出限在0.70~77.0 ng.L-1之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）介于0.47%~1.69%之间。测定标准参考物GBW08607,测定值均在标准值范围内。对4个地区的饮用水进行了检测,样品加标回收率为92%~108%。该方法具有简便、快速、准确、稳定的特点,可作为饮用水中痕量元素检测的可靠方法。