Passivity-Based Robust Control Against Quantified False Data Injection Attacks in Cyber-Physical Systems

Secure control against cyber attacks becomes increasingly significant in cyber-physical systems(CPSs).False data injection attacks are a class of cyber attacks that aim to compromise CPS functions by injecting false data such as sensor measurements and control signals.For quantified false data injection attacks,this paper establishes an effective defense framework from the energy conversion perspective.Then,we design an energy controller to dynamically adjust the system energy changes caused by unknown attacks.The designed energy controller stabilizes the attacked CPSs and ensures the dynamic performance of the system by adjusting the amount of damping injection.Moreover,with the disturbance attenuation technique,the burden of control system design is simplified because there is no need to design an attack observer.In addition,this secure control method is simple to implement because it avoids complicated mathematical operations.The effectiveness of our control method is demonstrated through an industrial CPS that controls a permanent magnet synchronous motor.

Cyber-Physical Resilience Enhancement for Power Transmission Systems with Energy Storage Systems

In a power system, when extreme events occur, such as ice storm, large scale blackouts may be unavoidable. Such small probability but high risk events have huge impact on power systems. Most resilience research in power systems only considers faults on the physical side, which would lead to overly idealistic results. This paper proposes a two-stage cyber-physical resilience enhancement method considering energy storage (ES) systems. The first stage calculates optimal planning of ES systems, and the second stage assesses resilience and enhancement of ES systems during the disaster. In the proposed model, cyber faults indirectly damage the system by disabling monitoring and control function of control center. As a result, when detection and response process of physical faults are blocked by cyber failures, serious load shedding occurs. Such a cyber-physical coupling mechanism of fault, response, restoration process is demonstrated in the modified IEEE Reliable Test System-79 (RTS-79). Simulation results show compared with the physical-only system, the cyber-physical system has a more accurate but degraded resilient performance. Besides, ES systems setting at proper place effectively enhance resilience of the cyber-physical transmission system with less load Shedding.

Cyber-Physical Electrical Energy Systems:Challenges and Issues

Cyber-physical electrical energy systems(CPEES)combine computation,communication and control technologies with physical power system,and realize the efficient fusion of power,information and control.This paper summarizes and analyzes related critical scientific problems and technologies,which are needed to be addressed with the development of CPEES.Firstly,since the co-simulation is an effective method to investigate infrastructure interdependencies,the co-simulation platform establishment of CPEES and its evaluation is overviewed.Then,a critical problem of CPEES is the interaction between energy and information flow,especially the influence of failures happening in information communication technology(ICT)on power system.In order to figure it out,the interaction is analyzed and the current analysis methods are summarized.For the solution of power system control and protection in information network environment,this paper outlines different control principles and illustrates the concept of distributed coordination control.Moreover,mass data processing and cluster analysis,architecture of communication network,information transmission technology and security of CPEES are summarized and analyzed.By solving the above problems and technologies,the development of CPEES will be significantly promoted.

CPE／NBR并用胶硫化体系的研究

讨论了硫化反应活化能与并用胶性能之间的关系。根据阿累尼乌斯公式，求出ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ并用胶硫化反应活化能。结果发现，当该活化能与ＣＰＥ或ＮＢＲ单一胶相在同一硫化体系下硫化的活化能十分接近时，并用胶的物性可以达到两种胶料物性的加和水平。硫脲一硫黄—超速促进剂硫化体系适用于ＣＰＥ／ＮＢＲ并用胶，当并用比为８０：２０时，硫化胶具有良好的耐油性和强伸性能。

A social computing method for energy safety

Information and communication technologies enable the transformation of traditional energy systems into cyber-physical energy systems(CPESs),but such systems have also become popular targets of cyberattacks.Currently,available methods for evaluating the impacts of cyberattacks suffer from limited resilience,efficacy,and practical value.To mitigate their potentially disastrous consequences,this study suggests a two-stage,discrepancy-based optimization approach that considers both preparatory actions and response measures,integrating concepts from social computing.The proposed Kullback-Leibler divergence-based,distributionally robust optimization(KDR)method has a hierarchical,two-stage objective function that incorporates the operating costs of both system infrastructures(e.g.,energy resources,reserve capacity)and real-time response measures(e.g.,load shedding,demand-side management,electric vehicle charging station management).By incorporating social computing principles,the optimization framework can also capture the social behavior and interactions of energy consumers in response to cyberattacks.The preparatory stage entails day-ahead operational decisions,leveraging insights from social computing to model and predict the behaviors of individuals and communities affected by potential cyberattacks.The mitigation stage generates responses designed to contain the consequences of the attack by directing and optimizing energy use from the demand side,taking into account the social context and preferences of energy consumers,to ensure resilient,economically efficient CPES operations.Our method can determine optimal schemes in both stages,accounting for the social dimensions of the problem.An original disaster mitigation model uses an abstract formulation to develop a risk-neutral model that characterizes cyberattacks through KDR,incorporating social computing techniques to enhance the understanding and response to cyber threats.This approach can mitigate the impacts more effectively than several existing methods,even with limited data availability.To extend this risk-neutral model,we incorporate conditional value at risk as an essential risk measure,capturing the uncertainty and diverse impact scenarios arising from social computing factors.The empirical results affirm that the KDR method,which is enriched with social computing considerations,produces resilient,economically efficient solutions for managing the impacts of cyberattacks on a CPES.By integrating social computing principles into the optimization framework,it becomes possible to better anticipate and address the social and behavioral aspects associated with cyberattacks on CPESs,ultimately improving the overall resilience and effectiveness of the system’s response measures.

信息物理融合的智慧能源系统多级对等协同优化

针对能源电力系统的优化管理与控制问题,提出了一种信息物理融合的智慧能源系统(Intelligent energy systems,IES)多级对等协同优化方法.在信息物理融合能源系统(Cyber-physical energy systems, CPES)的基础上,构建了智慧能源系统的局域和广域两级协同优化架构.综合考虑产消者能源实体对等交互过程中的社会福利、供求平衡和需求意愿等因素,基于Stone-Geary函数和双向拍卖机制构建了智慧能源系统能量优化模型,给出了通过收敛判定域引导的全局随机寻优与区域定向寻优策略,有效地提高了算法的局部搜索能力.此外,通过双向拍卖机制的理性定价以及智能合约的辅助服务,有效地实现了用户友好的对等交易模式.仿真实例表明,在社会福利最大化的前提下可获得产消者电力资源最优分配结果,进一步验证了本文方法的有效性和可行性.

System resilience enhancement: Smart grid and beyond

Boosting the resilience of power systems is a core requirement of smart grids. In fact, resilience enhancement is crucial to all critical infrastructure systems.In this study, we review the current research on system resilience enhancement within and beyond smart grids. In addition, we elaborate on resilience definition and resilience quantification and discuss several challenges and opportunities for system resilience enhancement. This study aims to deepen our understanding of the concept of resilience and develop a wide perspective on enhancing the system resilience for critical infrastructures.