Inhibition of Cyclin F Promotes Cellular Senescence through Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1-mediated Cell Cycle Regulation

Objective Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma(KIRC)is a common renal malignancy that has a poor prognosis.As a member of the F box family,cyclin F(CCNF)plays an important regulatory role in normal tissues and tumors.However,the underlying mechanism by which CCNF promotes KIRC proliferation still remains unclear.Methods Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database to obtain gene expression and clinical prognosis data.The CCK8 assay,EdU assay,and xenograft assay were used to detect cell proliferation.The cell senescence and potential mechanism were assessed by SA-β-gal staining,Western blotting,as well as ELISA.Results Our data showed that CCNF was highly expressed in KIRC patients.Meanwhile,downregulation of CCNF inhibited cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro.Further studies showed that the reduction of CCNF promoted cell senescence by decreasing cyclin-dependent kinase 1(CDK1),increasing the proinflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8,and then enhancing the expression of p21 and p53.Conclusion We propose that the high expression of CCNF in KIRC may play a key role in tumorigenesis by regulating cell senescence.Therefore,CCNF shows promise as a new biomarker to predict the clinical prognosis of KIRC patients and as an effective therapeutic target.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A 16,tumour protein 53 and epidermal growth factor receptor in salivary gland carcinomas is not associated with oncogenic virus infection

It is known that human papillomavirus （HPV） infection can cause squamous cell neoplasms at several sites, such as cervix uteri carcinoma and oral squamous carcinoma. There is little information on the expression of HPV and its predictive markers in tumours of the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck. We therefore assessed oral salivary gland neoplasms to identify associations between HPV and infection-related epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A （CDKN2A/p16） and tumour protein p53 （TP53）. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from oral salivary gland carcinomas （n=51） and benign tumours （n=26） were analysed by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） analysis for several HPV species, including high-risk types 16 and 18. Evaluation of EGFR, CDKN2A, TP53 and cytomegalovirus （CMV） was performed by immunohistochemistry. Epstein-Barr virus （EBV） was evaluated by EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridisation. We demonstrated that salivary gland tumours are not associated with HPV infection. The expression of EGFR, CDKN2A and TP53 may be associated with tumour pathology but is not induced by HPV. CMV and EBV were not detectable. In contrast to oral squamous cell carcinomas, HPV, CMV and EBV infections are not associated with malignant or benign neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands.

Expression of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 in the hippocampus of vascular dementia mice after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

BACKGROUND： The p25-activated cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 （Cdk5） may induce neuronal cell death and cause the development of dementia following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. OBJECTIVE： To observe changes in the expression of Cdk5 and p25 in hippocampal tissue of vascular dementia mice at different time points following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled animal experiment was performed in the clinical trial center of Hebei Provincial People＇s Hospital between September 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： Cdk5 rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibody, p35 rabbit anti-mouse polyclonal antibody, and β-actin mouse monoclonal antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., USA; horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG and horseradish peroxidase-labeled goat anti-mice IgG were offered by Beijing Zhongshan Geldenbridye Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., China; the protein quantitative kit was produced by Applygen Gene Technology Corp., Beijing, China; cDNA reverse transcription and PCR amplification reagents were products of TianGen＆ Biotech （Beijing） Co.,Ltd., China. METHODS： One hundred and sixty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups： a sham-operated group （n = 65） and a model group （n = 95）. Vascular dementia was induced with three periods of transient ischemia and reperfusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. In the sham-operated group, the bilateral common carotid arteries were not blocked. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Behavioral tests were done at four and six weeks post surgery. Pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining Cdk5 mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR, and Western blots were used to evaluate Cdk5 and p25 expression. Learning and memory performance were assayed using the Morris water maze. RESULTS： Vascular dementia reduced learning and memory performance at 4 and 6 weeks post surgery. Vascular dementia also caused severe, time-dependent neuronal damage and death in the hippocampal CA1 region. Dementia induction also increased mRNA and protein expression of Cdk5 and p25 at both 4 and 6 weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION： Cdk5/p25 is involved in the development of vascular dementia in mice following cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is required for suppressing D1-dependent signaling mediated through muscarinic 4 in isolated medium spiny neurons

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated acetylcholine muscarinic 4(M4) receptor regulates DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in isolated medium spiny neurons(MSNs),indicating antagonistic mechanism with D1 dependent signal cascade,but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclearly.In this study,we investigated the roles of M4 receptor in modulation D1 dependent signal to integrate striatal DA inputs in isolated MSNs.METHODS(1)Lentivirus technology was employed to genetically knock down the M4 receptor of MSNs;(2) Apomorphine(APO),acts as a dopamine receptor agonist,while SCH23390,acts as a selective antagonist for D1,were used to study the pharmacologically profiles with D1 receptor stimulation or blockade,respectively.Then the no subtype-selective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M(OX) were used to show that mAchRs activation,in order to dissect the particular function of M4,a selective M4 antagonist,MT3 was used;(3) Intracellular cAMP production of MSNs was measured by using time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection method;(4) Laser confocal was used to explore the expression of M4 and D1 in MSNs;(5) Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting were used to confirm the alteration of signaling molecular including P-CREB,DARPP-32 P-Thr34,DARPP-32 P-Thr75,cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5) as wel as p25/35,which are involved in DA-dependent signaling modulations.RESULTS Firstly,TR-FRET assay revealed APO(10-2 mol·L^(-1))significantly increased the level of intracellular cAMP(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),also Western blotting results showed that APO(10-6 mol · L^(-1))increased DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),and these effect were reversed by D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01).Interestingly,we confirmed that OX(10-6 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated APO-induced DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01),due to its effects on DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75.The results presented the antagonistic mechanism of mAchRs stimulation with D1 dependent signal cascade in MSNs.Meanwhile,OX(10-7,10-6 and10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)) stimulated DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75,and simultaneously up regulated P25/35 and CDK5 activity(vs control,n=3,P<0.01) by using Western blotting assay.Furthermore,roscovitine(10^(-5) mol · L^(-1)),acts as a CDK5 inhibitor,suppressed CDK5 activity(vs control,n=10,P<0.01),and fully inhibited OX-induced DARPP-32 Thr75 phosphorylation(vs OX,n=10,P<0.01).More important,pretreated with roscovitine(10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)),the effect of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation was potentiated(vs APO,n=3,P<0.05).The result presented CDK5 is required in suppression of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation mediated through mAchRs stimulation.In addition,laser confocal results showed that the CDK5 up-regulation was mostly confined to MSNs co-expressing M4,which means that M4 participated in CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr75.Consistently,immunofluorescence and Western blotting results confirmed that both genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of M4 receptors with MT3(10-7 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated the OX-induced the expression of CDK5(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01) and P25/35(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01)in isolated MSNs.CONCLUSION M4 receptor may play an important role in antagonistic regulation D1 dependent signaling,in which CDK5 is required for suppressing D1-DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation in isolated medium spiny neurons.

Can cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors convert inoperable breast cancer relapse to operability? A case report

BACKGROUND Pathological complete response(pCR) is rare in hormone receptor-positive(HR+)HER2-negative breast cancer(BC) treated with either endocrine therapy(ET) or chemotherapy. Radical resection of locoregional relapse, although potentially curative in some cases, is challenging when the tumor invades critical structures.The oral cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in combination with ET has obtained a significant increase in objective response rates and progression-free survival in patients with advanced BC and is now being evaluated in the neoadjuvant setting. We present a clinical case of a patient with an inoperable locoregional relapse of HR+ HER2-negative BC who experienced p CR after treatment with palbociclib.CASE SUMMARY We report the clinical case of a 60-year-old patient who presented with an inoperable locoregional relapse of HR+, HER2-negative BC 10 years after the diagnosis of the primary tumor. During a routine follow-up visit, breast magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed a 4-cm lesion in the right subclavicular region, infiltrating the chest wall and extending to the subclavian vessels, but without bone or visceral involvement. Treatment was begun with palbociclib plus letrozole, converting the disease to operability over a period of 6 mo. Surgery was performed and a p CR achieved. Of note, during treatment the patient experienced a very uncommon toxicity characterized by burning tongue and glossodynia associated with dysgeusia, paresthesia, dysesthesia, and xerostomia. A reduction in the dose of palbociclib did not provide relief and treatment with the inhibitor was thus discontinued, resolving the tongue symptoms. Laboratory exams were unremarkable. Given that this was a late relapse, the tumor was classified asendocrine-sensitive, a condition associated with high sensitivity to palbociclib.CONCLUSION This case highlights the potential of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor plus ET combination to achieve pCR in locoregional relapse of BC, enabling surgical resection of a lesion initially considered inoperable.

Expression of cyclin-dependent kinases in HL-60 cells during differentiation induced by retinoic acid

This study was designed to investigate the relationship of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) with theeffects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the proliferation of HL-cells. HL-60 cells were treated with ATRA for 1-4 d. Then thecapacity of DNA Synthesis was evaluated with 3H-TdR incorporation and the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D, CDK2 and CDK4protein determined with immunocytochemical staining. In addition, the expression Of CDC2, CDK2 and CDK4 mRNA was deter-mined with in situ hybridization. It was found that ATRA suppressed the proliferation of HL-60 cells and decreased their capacityof DNA synthesis to result in a down-regulation of the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D and CDC2 without comcomittant suppressionon the expression of CDK2 and CDK4. It is concluded that the effects of ATRA on the proliferation of HL-60 cells may be relatedto the down-regulation of the expression of cyclin E, cyclin D and CDC2.

Inhibition of DNA-dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit by Small Molecule Inhibitor NU7026 Sensitizes Human Leukemic K562 Cells to Benzene Metabolite-induced Apoptosis

Benzene is an established leukotoxin and leukemogen in humans. We have previously re- ported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit （DNA-PKcs） to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break （DSB） caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. In this study, we used a new, small molecule, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, 2-（morpholin-4-yl）-benzo[h]chomen-4-one （NU7026）, as a probe to analyze the molecular events and pathways in hydroquinone-induced DNA DSB repair and apoptosis. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7026 markedly potentiated the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of hydroquinone in proerythroid leukemic K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. Moreover, hydroquinone increased the phos- phorylation of Akt to activate Akt, whereas co-treatment with NU7026 prevented the activation of Akt by hydroquinone. Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apop- tosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage.

The role of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway and the neuroprotective effects of fasudil in chronic cerebral ischemia

The Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway plays an important role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, very few studies have examined in detail the changes in the Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway in chronic cerebral ischemia. In this study, rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia were established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and intra- gastrically administered 9 mg/kg fasudil, a powerful ROCK inhibitor, for 9 weeks. Morris water maze results showed that cognitive impairment progressively worsened as the cerebral ischemia proceeded. Immunohistochemistry, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of Rho-kinase, its substrate myosin-binding subunit, and its relat- ed protein alpha smooth muscle actin, significantly increased after chronic cerebral ischemia. TUNEL staining showed that chronic cerebral ischemia could lead to an increase in neuronal apoptosis, as well as the expression level of caspase-3 in the frontal cortex of rats subjected to chronic cerebral ischemia. Fasudil treatment alleviated the cognitive impairment in rats with chronic cerebral ischemia, and decreased the expression level of Rho-kinase, myosin-binding subunit and alpha smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, fasudil could regulate cerebral injury by reducing cell apoptosis and decreasing caspase-3 expression in the frontal cortex. These findings demonstrate that fasudil can protect against cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral ischemia via the Rho/Rho-kinase signaling pathway and anti-apoptosis mechanism.

PI3K-like Kinases Restrain Pim Gene Expression in Endothelial Cells

Pim kinases contribute to tumor formation and development of lymphoma,which shows enhanced DNA replication,DNA recombination and repair.Endothelial cells (ECs) express all the three members of Pim kinase gene family.We hypothesized that DNA repair gene would regulate Pim ex-pression in ECs.Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were isolated and maintained in M199 culture medium.The cellular distribution of Pim-3 in ECs was determined by immunofluorescent staining.The siRNA fragments were synthesized and transfected by using Lipofectamine LTX.The total cellular RNA was extracted from the cells by using Trizol reagent.cDNAs were quantified by semi-quantity PCR.The effects of LY294002 and wortmannin on RNA stability in ECs were also ex-amined.Our data showed that LY294002 and wortmannin,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and PI3K-like kinase inhibitors,increased Pim mRNA expression in ECs without altering the mRNA stabil-ity.RNA interference (RNAi) targeting DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) increased mRNA expression of Pim-3 and Pim-1,respectively.Silencing of Akt decreased Pim-1 instead of Pm-2 and Pim-3 gene expression in ECs.But etoposide,a nucleoside analogue,which could activate DNA-PKcs and ATM,increased Pim expression in ECs.Our study indicates that the expression of Pim kinases is physiologically related to DNA-PKcs and ATM in ECs.

Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 Isoforms Alpha and Gamma Respond Differently to Prodigiosin Treatment and Present Alternative Kinase Targets in Melanoma Cells

Reversible protein phosphorylation is a central regulatory mechanism of cell function. Deregulation of the balanced actions of protein kinases and phosphatases has been frequently associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer. Many studies have already addressed the role of protein kinases misregulation in cancer. However, much less is known about protein phosphatases influence. Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is one of the major serine/threonine protein phosphatases who has three catalytic isoforms: PPP1CA, PPP1CB, and PPP1CC. Its function is achieved by binding to regulatory subunits, known as PPP1-interacting proteins (PIPs), which may prefer a catalytic isoform. Also, some inhibitors/enhancers may exhibit isoform specificity. Here we show that, prodigiosin (PG), a molecule with anticancer properties, promotes the formation of PPP1CA-AKT complex and not of PPP1CC-MAPK complex. Both, AKT and MAPK, are well-known PIPs from two pathways that crosstalk and regulate melanoma cells survival. In addition, the analysis performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology indicates that PPP1 interacts with obatoclax (OBX), a drug that belongs to the same family of PG. Overall, these results suggest that PG might, at least in part, act through PPP1C/PIPs. Also, this study is pioneer in demonstrating PPP1 isoform-specific modulation by small molecules.

磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸肌醇-3-激酶对原发性肝癌TACE治疗反应的预测作用

目的探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗的原发性肝癌患者磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸肌醇-3-激酶(PIK3CA)的表达及其与TACE治疗反应的相关性。方法从TCGA数据库下载425例肝癌患者PIK3CA的表达量。利用GSE104580数据集内TACE治疗敏感和不敏感患者癌组织PIK3CA表达量,分析两组基因表达差异,绘制ROC曲线分析TACE治疗敏感性与PIK3CA表达的相关性。从GSE14520数据集下载具有完整临床资料、接受TACE治疗的肝细胞癌27例,基于PIK3CA的表达量最佳截断值,分成PIK3CA高表达组和PIK3CA低表达组,比较两组患者的临床资料。应用“survminer”R包进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析。结果肝癌组织PIK3CA表达明显高于癌旁组织;TACE不敏感患者癌组织PIK3CA表达量高于TACE敏感患者,TACE治疗敏感性与PIK3CA表达相关性的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.645;生存分析显示PIK3CA表达量越低,患者生存时间越长,且1、2、3年的AUC分别为0.765、0.713、0.633。结论PIK3CA对于肝细胞癌有一定的诊断价值,有可能作为TACE治疗敏感性的预测指标。

polo样激酶1、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ亚基A在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及与预后的关系

目的 探讨polo样激酶1(PLK1)、RNA聚合酶Ⅱ亚基A(POLR2A)在人脑胶质瘤(BG)中的表达及与预后的关系。方法 选取86例BG患者作为观察组,另选取30例非肿瘤脑疾病患者作为参照组,收集观察组患者的BG组织和参照组患者的非肿瘤脑组织。比较两组患者PLK1、POLR2A表达情况和不同临床特征BG患者的BG组织中PLK1、POLR2A的阳性表达情况;比较不同PLK1、POLR2A表达情况BG患者的生存情况;采用Cox回归模型分析BG患者预后的影响因素。结果 观察组患者PLK1、POLR2A阳性表达率分别高于参照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。低分化BG患者的BG组织中PLK1、POLR2A阳性表达率均高于中高分化患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。PLK1、POLR2A阳性表达患者的中位生存时间均明显短于PLK1、POLR2A阴性表达患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。Cox多因素回归分析结果显示,低分化、PLK1阳性表达、POLR2A阳性表达均为BG患者预后的独立危险因素(P﹤0.05)。结论 BG患者PLK1、POLR2A呈高表达,PLK1、POLR2A高表达BG患者中位生存时间缩短,低分化、PLK1阳性表达、POLR2A阳性表达均为BG患者预后的独立危险因素。

Novel insights into D-Pinitol based therapies:a link between tau hyperphosphorylation and insulin resistance

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.

PSME1/2通过抑制CDK15的表达促进子宫内膜癌细胞的增殖和侵袭

目的:探索人类蛋白酶体激活剂(proteasome activator subunit,PSME)1/2在子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma,EC)中的表达水平及其对EC细胞增殖和侵袭的影响。方法:检测子宫内膜细胞系和原代细胞中PSME1/2和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶15(cyclin-dependentkinase 15,CDK15)的表达,以敲低株分析PSME1/2与CDK15的表达相关性及其对肿瘤增殖和侵袭影响。比较PSME1/2和CDK15在EC组织和癌旁组织中的表达水平差异,并分析其对EC患者预后的影响。结果:与人正常子宫内膜细胞系相比,PMSE1/2在HEC1B(human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells,HEC1B)及原代细胞中mRNA(messenger RNA,mRNA)高表达和蛋白高表达,CDK15蛋白表达量下降。与对照组和双敲组比,CDK15在HEC1B系PSME1/2敲低株的蛋白表达升高,提示CDK15可能受PSME1/2抑制。在EC组织PMSE1/2高表达,CDK15低表达。PSME1/2表达与患者临床资料如年龄、术后诊断分型、分化程度、术后分期等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PSME1/2、CDK15的表达与EC患者的不良预后无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:PSME1/2抑制CDK15的表达而促进EC细胞的增殖和侵袭,PSME1/2具有促EC作用。

PIK3CA突变与乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性

目的探讨乳腺癌标本中磷脂酰肌醇激酶-3-催化亚基α(PIK3CA)突变与侵袭性乳腺癌临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法收集2018年1月至2020年1月确诊为乳腺癌的181例患者临床病理资料,用免疫组织化学(IHC)法检测乳腺癌雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、Ki-67等指标,RT-qPCR检测乳腺癌中PIK3CA外显子9(exon9)和外显子20(exon20)的突变。结果181例侵袭性乳腺癌中PIK3CA突变70例,其中31例(44.28%)exon9突变、39例(55.71%)exon20突变。PIK3CA突变与乳腺癌分子分型有明显差异(P<0.05)。PIK3CA突变与乳腺癌的Ki67表达有明显差异(P<0.05)。34例(48.57%)HR+/HER2-组PIK3CA突变,36例(51.43%)非HR+/HER2-组突变,二者PIK3CA突变分布有明显差异(P<0.05)。PIK3CA突变患者病死率高于PIK3CA野生型(P<0.05)。结论PIK3CA突变与乳腺癌分子分型、Ki67增值指数及预后相关,可为患者精准治疗提供参考。

食管鳞癌组织中EGFR、KRAS及PIK3CA基因突变的检测及其临床意义分析

目的分析食管鳞癌组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、Kirsten鼠类肉瘤病毒癌基因(KRAS)和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PIK3CA)基因的突变情况及其与患者临床特征的关系。方法选取2006年1月至2012年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院确诊的210例食管鳞癌患者的组织标本进行DNA提取和目标位点扩增,再利用一代测序的方法对EGFR18号和21号外显子、KRAS2号外显子、PIK3CA9号外显子进行测序,探讨各基因突变情况及其与临床病理特征的关系,并分析不同基因突变之间的相关性。结果210例食管鳞癌标本中EGFR基因突变率为27.14%,KRAS基因突变率为14.29%,PIK3CA基因突变率为18.59%,EGFR和KRAS双基因联合突变率为4.76%,EGFR和PIK3CA双基因联合突变率为5.71%,EGFR、KRAS、PIK3CA三基因联合突变率为1.43%。EGFR基因突变与性别、肿瘤直径、分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05),KRAS基因突变与肿瘤直径、分化程度、T分期、临床分期具有相关性(P<0.05),PIK3CA基因突变与性别、肿瘤直径、分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05),EGFR和PIK3CA联合突变与性别、肿瘤直径、分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05)。EGFR基因突变与KRAS基因突变具有相关性(P<0.05),而EGFR基因突变与PIK3CA基因突变之间无相关性(P>0.05)。结论食管鳞癌组织中EGFR基因突变率最高,PIK3CA基因突变率次之,KRAS基因突变率最低;EGFR与KRAS或PIK3CA基因突变联合检测具有一定的临床意义。

Molecular Mechanism of KDM5B Development in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of cell cyclin-dependent kinase (KDM5B), a key enzyme driving all cell cycle transitions, promoting HCC progression and metastasis. Methods: The expression of KDM5B in normal liver, HCC and its adjacent tissues was analyzed by RT-PCR and IHC. Lentivirus transfection method was used to construct stable cell lines with KDM5B overexpression and down-regulation, and the role of KDM5B in HCC migration and invasion was detected at cell level and animal level. Western blotting and Transwell experiments were performed to verify the effect of KDM5B and/or CCR2 inhibitors on HCC progression and metastasis by using liver orthotopic transplantation tumor model and immunofluorescence methods. Results: RT-PCR showed that the expression level of KDM5B in HCC was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues, and the increase of KDM5B was relatively significant. Upregulation of KDM5B in nude mouse liver orthotopic transplantation tumor model can promote the incidence of lung metastasis and shorten the survival time of nude mice, whereas upregulation of KDM5B can reduce the incidence of lung metastasis and prolong the survival time of nude mice. Conclusion: This study clarified the expression of KDM5B in HCC and its function in promoting HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. The molecular mechanism of KDM5B promoting HCC metastasis was revealed, providing a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

口腔鳞癌患者血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1表达水平与临床特征及预后的相关性研究

目的探讨口腔鳞癌患者血清微RNA(miRNA)-503-5p、磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶调节亚基1(PIK3R1)表达水平及其与临床特征和预后的相关性。方法选取2022年3月至2023年11月在康复大学青岛中心医院(青岛市中心医院)就诊的157例口腔鳞癌患者作为疾病组进行前瞻性研究,并根据患者预后情况将口腔鳞癌患者分为预后良好组(n=121)和预后不良组(n=36)。另选取在本院进行体检的136名健康者作为健康组。采用实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)的方法对各组血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1表达水平进行检测,并比较血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1表达水平与临床特征的关系;采用Pearson相关性分析对患者血清miRNA-503-5p与PIK3R1表达水平的相关性进行分析;采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1表达水平及二者联合对口腔鳞癌患者预后的预测价值。结果疾病组血清miRNA-503-5p表达水平为1.32±0.19,高于健康组(1.02±0.16),疾病组血清PIK3R1表达水平为0.71±0.13,低于健康组(1.01±0.15),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Target Scan Human网址预测miRNA-503-5p与PIK3R1间存在结合位点,Pearson相关性分析结果显示,口腔鳞癌患者血清miRNA-503-5p与PIK3R1表达水平呈负相关(r=-0.453,P<0.001)。TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况等临床特征不同的患者血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1表达水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组血清miRNA-503-5p表达水平为1.52±0.21,高于预后良好组(1.26±0.18),预后不良组血清PIK3R1表达水平为0.59±0.10,低于预后良好组(0.75±0.14),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1联合预测口腔鳞癌患者预后情况的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.903,灵敏度和特异度分别为76.86%和94.44%,二者联合预测优于血清miRNA-503-5p、PIK3R1单独预测(P<0.05)。结论在口腔鳞癌患者中血清miRNA-503-5p呈高表达,PIK3R1呈低表达,二者表达与TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移情况等临床特征以及预后有关,可以作为评估口腔鳞癌患者预后的生物学指标。

IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨核因子κb激酶亚基ε的抑制剂(IKBKE)、Yes相关蛋白1(YAP1)和转录增强结构域转录因子2(TEAD2)在结直肠癌(CRC)组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法收集2016年1月至2017年12月在蚌埠医科大学第一附属医院手术切除的142例CRC组织及对应癌旁组织,采用免疫组化法检测标本中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2的表达情况。分析3种蛋白在CRC组织中表达的相关性,分析蛋白阳性率与患者临床病理参数及预后的关系;绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,比较这些蛋白不同表达情况患者的生存差异。采用Cox回归分析影响患者预后的危险因素。结果CRC组织中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2的阳性率均显著高于癌旁组织(65.5%比9.9%,73.9%比14.1%,66.9%比8.5%,均P<0.05)。IKBKE的表达与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤-淋巴结-远处转移(TNM)分期有关,YAP1和TEAD2的表达均与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移及TNM分期有关。Spearman秩相关分析显示CRC组织中IKBKE与YAP1、TEAD2表达均呈正相关(均P<0.01)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性表达组的总生存率降低。Cox回归分析显示IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性、肿瘤分化程度高、TNM分期高是CRC患者预后的独立危险因素。结论CRC中IKBKE、YAP1和TEAD2阳性表达与肿瘤的分化程度、TNM分期、转移等因素有关,可能成为CRC治疗的潜在靶点;检测这3个蛋白的表达有助于评估预后。

Cyclin-dependent kinases-based synthetic lethality: Evidence, concept, and strategy

Synthetic lethality is a proven effective antitumor strategy that has attracted great attention.Large-scale screening has revealed many synthetic lethal genetic phenotypes,and relevant smallmolecule drugs have also been implemented in clinical practice.Increasing evidence suggests that CDKs,constituting a kinase family predominantly involved in cell cycle control,are synthetic lethal factors when combined with certain oncogenes,such as MFC,TP53,and RAS,which facilitate numerous antitumor treatment options based on CDK-related synthetic lethality.In this review,we focus on the synthetic lethal phenotype and mechanism related to CDKs and summarize the preclinical and clinical discoveries of CDK inhibitors to explore the prospect of CDK inhibitors as antitumor compounds for strategic synthesis lethality in the future.