Persistent heavy rainfall events(PHREs)over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley(YHRV)during 1981–2020 are classified into three types(type-A,type-B and type-C)according to pattern correlation.The characteristics of the ...Persistent heavy rainfall events(PHREs)over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley(YHRV)during 1981–2020 are classified into three types(type-A,type-B and type-C)according to pattern correlation.The characteristics of the synoptic systems for the PHREs and their possible development mechanisms are investigated.The anomalous cyclonic disturbance over the southern part of the YHRV during type-A events is primarily maintained and intensified by the propagation of Rossby wave energy originating from the northeast Atlantic in the mid–upper troposphere and the northward propagation of Rossby wave packets from the western Pacific in the mid–lower troposphere.The zonal propagation of Rossby wave packets and the northward propagation of Rossby wave packets during type-B events are more coherent than those for type-A events,which induces eastward propagation of stronger anomaly centers of geopotential height from the northeast Atlantic Ocean to the YHRV and a meridional anomaly in geopotential height over the Asian continent.Type-C events have“two ridges and one trough”in the high latitudes of the Eurasian continent,but the anomalous intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)and the trough of the YHRV region are weaker than those for type-A and type-B events.The composite synoptic circulation of four PHREs in 2020 is basically consistent with that of the corresponding PHRE type.The location of the South Asian high(SAH)in three of the PHREs in 2020 moves eastward as in the composite of the three types,but the position of the WPSH of the four PHREs is clearly westward and northward.Two water vapor conveyor belts and two cold air conveyor belts are tracked during the four PHREs in 2020,but the water vapor path from the western Pacific is not seen,which may be caused by the westward extension of the WPSH.展开更多
Fifty cases of regional yearly extreme precipitation events （RYEPEs） were identified over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley （YHRV） during 1979-2016 applying the statistical percentile method. There were five types o...Fifty cases of regional yearly extreme precipitation events （RYEPEs） were identified over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley （YHRV） during 1979-2016 applying the statistical percentile method. There were five types of RYEPEs, namely Yangtze Meiyu （YM-RYEPE）, Huaihe Meiyu （HM-RYEPE）, southwest-northeast-oriented Meiyu （SWNE-RYEPE） and typhoon I and II （TC-RYEPE） types of RYEPEs. Potential vorticity diagnosis showed that propagation trajectories of the RYEPEs along the Western Pacific Subtropical High and its steering flow were concentrated over the southern YHRV. As a result, the strongest and most frequently RYEPEs events, about 16-21 cases with average rainfall above 100 mm, occurred in the southern YHRV, particularly in the Nanjing metropolitan area. There have been 14 cases of flood-inducing RYEPEs since 1979, with the submerged area exceeding 120 km2 as simulated by the FloodArea hydraulic model, comprising six HM-RYEPEs, five YM- RYEPEs, two TC-RYEPEs, and one SWNE-RYEPE. The combination of evolving RYEPEs and rapid expansion of urban agglomeration is most likely to change the flood risk distribution over the Nanjing metropolitan area in the future. In the RCP6.0 （RCPS.5） scenario, the built-up area increases at a rate of about 10.41 km2 （10 yr）-t（24.67 km2 （10 yr）-1） from 2010 to 2100, and the area of high flood risk correspondingly increases from 3.86 km2（3.86 km2） to 9.00 kin2（13.51 km2）. Areas of high flood risk are mainly located at Chishan Lake in Jurong, Lukou International Airport in Nanjing, Dongshan in Jiangning District, Lishui District and other low-lying areas. The accurate simulation of flood scenarios can help reduce losses due to torrential flooding and improve early warnings, evacuation planning and risk analysis. More attention should be paid to the projected high flood risk because of the concentrated population, industrial zones and social wealth throughout the Nanjing metropolitan area.展开更多
To better understand climate variations of Meiyu, some new indicators for theonset and retreat dates, duration, and Meiyu precipitation in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley areobjectively developed by using observed dai...To better understand climate variations of Meiyu, some new indicators for theonset and retreat dates, duration, and Meiyu precipitation in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley areobjectively developed by using observed daily precipitation data from 230 stations in eastern Chinaduring 1954-2003. The rainy season onset and retreat dates in each station can be denned in terms ofthresholds for rainfall intensity and persistence. Then, the onset and retreat dates of the Meiyufor the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin have been determined when more than 40% of stations reach thefirst rainy season thresholds in the study region. Based on the indicators of Meiyu in theYangtze-Huaihe River basin, variations of Meiyu rainfall during 1954-2003 are analyzed. The resultssuggest that Meiyu rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin has increased in recent 50 years. Inaddition, interannual and interdecadal variability of Meiyu is also obvious. All the indicatorsdisplay a predominant period of about 3 years.展开更多
The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is a major concern in the Mekong River Basin(MRB).Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed s...The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is a major concern in the Mekong River Basin(MRB).Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed since the 1970 s,climate models project an increasing TC intensity in the 21 st century over the Western North Pacific,which is the primary TC source region influencing the MRB.Yet,how future TC activities will affect extreme winds quantitatively in the MRB remains unclear.By employing a novel dynamical downscaling technique using a specialized,coupled ocean-atmospheric model,shorter return periods of maximum wind speed in the MRB for 2081–2100 compared with 1981–2000 are projected based on five global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario,suggesting increases in the future tropical cyclone intensity.The results point to consistently elevated future TC-related risks that may jeopardize sustainable development,disrupt food supply,and exacerbate conflicts in the region and beyond.展开更多
利用2008—2012年台站资料、NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)-FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)1°×1°再分析资料,将近5年经过渤海持续发展的黄河气旋分为夏季型和春季型,采用动态合成法对...利用2008—2012年台站资料、NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)-FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)1°×1°再分析资料,将近5年经过渤海持续发展的黄河气旋分为夏季型和春季型,采用动态合成法对两类气旋的结构和黄渤海海域的热力、动力、水汽等影响因子进行对比分析。结果表明:经过渤海时,夏季型气旋主要伴随大范围的强降水,而春季型气旋主要形成强风区。春夏季黄河气旋均为冷暖交汇的斜压性结构,但夏季型有偏暖中心,斜压性弱于春季型。春季高空急流位于气旋南部,其左侧正涡度区维持气旋的深厚,且气旋后部高空动量下传与锋面二级环流及平坦海面配合有利于气旋低层大风迅速增强。夏季高空急流位于气旋北部,高空强辐散区和低层辐合区配置加强了气旋中的上升运动,有利于气旋强降水和凝结潜热释放。气旋发展阶段,扰动位能向动能的转化,支持气旋动能的维持与加强。湿位涡计算显示,夏季气旋中有深厚的干空气下沉,干湿梯度强,尺度大,有利于气旋的强降水,春季气旋中干湿梯度小,分布零散,对应降水强度和范围均小。黄渤海为气旋主要水汽输送通道,夏季海温相对春季高,水汽充沛,春季水汽辐合量仅为夏季三分之一。海洋下垫面作用对春季气旋影响大,在夏季作用不明显。夏季海面潜热加热影响为主,春季感热加热影响明显。展开更多
基金This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA23090101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41975056).
文摘Persistent heavy rainfall events(PHREs)over the Yangtze–Huaihe River Valley(YHRV)during 1981–2020 are classified into three types(type-A,type-B and type-C)according to pattern correlation.The characteristics of the synoptic systems for the PHREs and their possible development mechanisms are investigated.The anomalous cyclonic disturbance over the southern part of the YHRV during type-A events is primarily maintained and intensified by the propagation of Rossby wave energy originating from the northeast Atlantic in the mid–upper troposphere and the northward propagation of Rossby wave packets from the western Pacific in the mid–lower troposphere.The zonal propagation of Rossby wave packets and the northward propagation of Rossby wave packets during type-B events are more coherent than those for type-A events,which induces eastward propagation of stronger anomaly centers of geopotential height from the northeast Atlantic Ocean to the YHRV and a meridional anomaly in geopotential height over the Asian continent.Type-C events have“two ridges and one trough”in the high latitudes of the Eurasian continent,but the anomalous intensity of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)and the trough of the YHRV region are weaker than those for type-A and type-B events.The composite synoptic circulation of four PHREs in 2020 is basically consistent with that of the corresponding PHRE type.The location of the South Asian high(SAH)in three of the PHREs in 2020 moves eastward as in the composite of the three types,but the position of the WPSH of the four PHREs is clearly westward and northward.Two water vapor conveyor belts and two cold air conveyor belts are tracked during the four PHREs in 2020,but the water vapor path from the western Pacific is not seen,which may be caused by the westward extension of the WPSH.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41205063 & 41330529)the China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund (Grant No. GYHY201506006)+1 种基金the Project of Development of Key Techniques in Meteorological Forecasting Operation (Grant No. CMAHX20160404)the Huaihe Basin Meteorological Research Foundation (Grant No. HRM201605)
文摘Fifty cases of regional yearly extreme precipitation events （RYEPEs） were identified over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley （YHRV） during 1979-2016 applying the statistical percentile method. There were five types of RYEPEs, namely Yangtze Meiyu （YM-RYEPE）, Huaihe Meiyu （HM-RYEPE）, southwest-northeast-oriented Meiyu （SWNE-RYEPE） and typhoon I and II （TC-RYEPE） types of RYEPEs. Potential vorticity diagnosis showed that propagation trajectories of the RYEPEs along the Western Pacific Subtropical High and its steering flow were concentrated over the southern YHRV. As a result, the strongest and most frequently RYEPEs events, about 16-21 cases with average rainfall above 100 mm, occurred in the southern YHRV, particularly in the Nanjing metropolitan area. There have been 14 cases of flood-inducing RYEPEs since 1979, with the submerged area exceeding 120 km2 as simulated by the FloodArea hydraulic model, comprising six HM-RYEPEs, five YM- RYEPEs, two TC-RYEPEs, and one SWNE-RYEPE. The combination of evolving RYEPEs and rapid expansion of urban agglomeration is most likely to change the flood risk distribution over the Nanjing metropolitan area in the future. In the RCP6.0 （RCPS.5） scenario, the built-up area increases at a rate of about 10.41 km2 （10 yr）-t（24.67 km2 （10 yr）-1） from 2010 to 2100, and the area of high flood risk correspondingly increases from 3.86 km2（3.86 km2） to 9.00 kin2（13.51 km2）. Areas of high flood risk are mainly located at Chishan Lake in Jurong, Lukou International Airport in Nanjing, Dongshan in Jiangning District, Lishui District and other low-lying areas. The accurate simulation of flood scenarios can help reduce losses due to torrential flooding and improve early warnings, evacuation planning and risk analysis. More attention should be paid to the projected high flood risk because of the concentrated population, industrial zones and social wealth throughout the Nanjing metropolitan area.
基金Sponsored by the "Interannual and Interdecadal Variations and Their Mechanisms over Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin" of NSFCKey Project under Grant No. 40233037.
文摘To better understand climate variations of Meiyu, some new indicators for theonset and retreat dates, duration, and Meiyu precipitation in the Yangtze-Huaihe River valley areobjectively developed by using observed daily precipitation data from 230 stations in eastern Chinaduring 1954-2003. The rainy season onset and retreat dates in each station can be denned in terms ofthresholds for rainfall intensity and persistence. Then, the onset and retreat dates of the Meiyufor the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin have been determined when more than 40% of stations reach thefirst rainy season thresholds in the study region. Based on the indicators of Meiyu in theYangtze-Huaihe River basin, variations of Meiyu rainfall during 1954-2003 are analyzed. The resultssuggest that Meiyu rainfall in the Yangtze-Huaihe River basin has increased in recent 50 years. Inaddition, interannual and interdecadal variability of Meiyu is also obvious. All the indicatorsdisplay a predominant period of about 3 years.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA20060401)the China Scholarship Council+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91537210)the Swedish STINT(CH2015-6226)the Swedish VR(2017-03780).
文摘The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is a major concern in the Mekong River Basin(MRB).Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed since the 1970 s,climate models project an increasing TC intensity in the 21 st century over the Western North Pacific,which is the primary TC source region influencing the MRB.Yet,how future TC activities will affect extreme winds quantitatively in the MRB remains unclear.By employing a novel dynamical downscaling technique using a specialized,coupled ocean-atmospheric model,shorter return periods of maximum wind speed in the MRB for 2081–2100 compared with 1981–2000 are projected based on five global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario,suggesting increases in the future tropical cyclone intensity.The results point to consistently elevated future TC-related risks that may jeopardize sustainable development,disrupt food supply,and exacerbate conflicts in the region and beyond.
文摘利用1980—2012年NCEP/NCAR逐6 h海平面气压再分析资料及定义的气旋客观识别方法,统计分析了春末夏初江淮地区气旋活动频数和强度的气候特征及其年际、年代际变化。结果表明:5—7月江淮地区存在明显的气旋活动高频中心,5、6月高频中心位于两湖盆地之间;7月北移,淮河以南频数较高。20世纪80—90年代江淮气旋活动频数偏少,强度偏弱;21世纪初期的10 a间气旋活动频数偏多,强度偏强。气旋活动频数多发年与少发年500 h Pa均出现稳定的长波环流结构,但仍存在显著差异。多发年两个南支槽向南伸展直达阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾地区,少发年仅出现孟加拉湾南支槽。多发年,对流层低层华南至江淮地区存在气旋式环流辐合异常中心,高层则出现辐散异常。西风带上的异常扰动沿着副热带急流向东亚地区传播能量,导致东部地区出现异常气旋式环流,为江淮气旋的发生提供了有利的环流背景。
文摘利用2008—2012年台站资料、NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)-FNL(Final Operational Global Analysis)1°×1°再分析资料,将近5年经过渤海持续发展的黄河气旋分为夏季型和春季型,采用动态合成法对两类气旋的结构和黄渤海海域的热力、动力、水汽等影响因子进行对比分析。结果表明:经过渤海时,夏季型气旋主要伴随大范围的强降水,而春季型气旋主要形成强风区。春夏季黄河气旋均为冷暖交汇的斜压性结构,但夏季型有偏暖中心,斜压性弱于春季型。春季高空急流位于气旋南部,其左侧正涡度区维持气旋的深厚,且气旋后部高空动量下传与锋面二级环流及平坦海面配合有利于气旋低层大风迅速增强。夏季高空急流位于气旋北部,高空强辐散区和低层辐合区配置加强了气旋中的上升运动,有利于气旋强降水和凝结潜热释放。气旋发展阶段,扰动位能向动能的转化,支持气旋动能的维持与加强。湿位涡计算显示,夏季气旋中有深厚的干空气下沉,干湿梯度强,尺度大,有利于气旋的强降水,春季气旋中干湿梯度小,分布零散,对应降水强度和范围均小。黄渤海为气旋主要水汽输送通道,夏季海温相对春季高,水汽充沛,春季水汽辐合量仅为夏季三分之一。海洋下垫面作用对春季气旋影响大,在夏季作用不明显。夏季海面潜热加热影响为主,春季感热加热影响明显。
