Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products Sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 106 UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 107 UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 105 UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 106 UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 105 UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 105 UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 105 UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 104 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 106 CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 104 CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 105 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 104 CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 105 CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 103 CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 105 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

Neuroprotection of Cyperus esculentus L. orientin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury

Orientin is a flavonoid monomer.In recent years,its importance as a source of pharmacological active substance is growing rapidly due to its properties such as anti-myocardial ischemia,anti-apoptosis,anti-radiation,anti-tumor,and anti-aging.However,the neuroprotective effects of Orientin on stroke injury have not been comprehensively evaluated.The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the neuroprotective capacity and the potential mechanisms of Cyperus esculentus L.orientin(CLO)from Cyperus esculentus L.leaves against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury using standard orientin as control.For in vitro studies,we treated HT22 cells with CoCl2 as an in vitro ischemic injury model.HT22 cells in the control group were treated with CoCl2.For in vivo studies,we used rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and animals that received sham surgery were used as controls.We found that CLO protected CoCl2-induced HT22 cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation as well as decreasing protein oxidation.However,CLO did not reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase nor increase the activity of superoxide dismutase.Results showed that CLO could decrease neurological deficit score,attenuate brain water content,and reduce cerebral infarct volume,leading to neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Our studies indicate that CLO flavonoids can be taken as a natural antioxidant and bacteriostastic substance in food and pharmaceutical industry.The molecular mechanisms of CLO could be at least partially attributed to the antioxidant properties and subsequently inhibiting activation of casepase-3.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved on May 16,2016 by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Medical University of China(approval No.IACUC20160516-57).

Design and optimization of an airflow-vibration sieving device for the effective cleaning of cyperus esculentus L.harvesting mixture

The threshing mixture of Cyperus esculentus(Tiger nut)planted in sandy areas is complex during harvesting,and there are problems of high impurity rate and high cleaning loss rate of the seeds.In this paper,the threshing mixture of Cyperus esculentus is taken as the research object,and the suspension speed of each component is measured to design an“airflow+vibration”sieving device.Use the vector polygon method to explore the law of motion of the vibrating sieve,establish the force model of the seeds on the sieve surface,and analyze the conditions for the seeds to penetrate the sieve.According to the principle of seeds penetrating the sieve and long stalks not penetrating the sieve,the geometric model of sieve blades opening degree adjustment mechanism is constructed.Study of the conditions under which long stalks can be thrown out of the machine.The experiment bench of the cleaning device was built,and the evaluation indexes were the rate of seed impurity and the rate of cleaning loss of the device,and the crank speed,sieve blades opening degree and fan speed were used as the experiment factors to study the influence law of each influencing factor on the evaluation index through single-factor experiment.Using response surface methodology to find the optimal combination of working parameters of the cleaning device.To verify the device’s application on the combine harvester to improve the effectiveness of the cleaning operation of the Cyperus esculentus combine harvester.

Synergistic Mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera Aqueous Extract: Its Liver and Kidney Benefits in Male Albino Rat Model

Background: The synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract is a common drink in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It is assumed to have various health benefits. However, the synergistic mixture of the content has not been studied scientifically, hence the need to evaluate its effect on the liver and kidney being part of the body’s metabolic organs. Aim: This study evaluated the synergistic mixture of Cyperus esculentus, Phoenix dactylifera and Cocos nucifera (STCD) aqueous extract in male albino rats. Methods: Acute toxicity LD50 of STCD was carried out, afterwards, fifteen male albino rats were grouped into three groups with 5 rats in each group;Control, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg STCD. The rats were administered STCD orally 24 hourly, for 21 days, with feed and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis of the liver and kidney biomarkers, while the liver and kidney tissues were harvested for histopathological examination using standard laboratory methods. Descriptive statistics were computed and expressed as Mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA and Turkeys test was performed. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Acute toxicity LD50 of STCD was observed to be ≥2404.2 mg/kg body weight. An increase in the percentage body weight difference of 8.39% and 2.86% was observed for 200 and 400 mg/kg STCD groups. Also, the liver weight was observed to increase in 400 mg/kg (3.92 ± 1.42) in comparison to the control group (3.48 ± 1.61), a decrease in the kidney weight was observed in all groups administered STCD in comparison to the control group. Administration of STCD at both 200 and 400 mg/kg revealed a decrease in the concentration of the hepatic biomarkers AST, ALT, ALP, TP, Albumin, Total and conjugated bilirubin. The kidney biomarker Urea was observed to decrease in concentration for 200 mg/kg STCD (4.60 ± 1.83) and 400 mg/kg STCD (4.76 ± 0.74) when compared to the control group (6.32 ± 2.74). A decrease in Creatinine was observed in 200 mg/kg (91.80 ± 34.69) and 400 mg/kg (98.60 ± 15.53) in comparison to the control group (117.60 ± 42.88). The histological examination of the liver of rats administered STCD revealed structural normal central vein, hepatocytes and portal tract. The kidney examination revealed normal glomeruli and normal tubule. Conclusion: The findings of this study opine that STCD improved the health of both the liver and kidney as evidenced via the biomarkers and histological examinations of the liver and kidney. This study therefore recommends the intake of STCD at moderate doses for improved liver and kidney function due to its bioactive compounds and nutritional content.

WEPS模型在乌兰布和沙漠油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)种植区的应用

为探究WEPS模型的风蚀预测效果,在内蒙古乌兰布和沙漠油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)种植区,对全采收(CK)、留4采6、留6采6油莎豆纯作和油莎豆-梭梭间作留茬4种不同采收模式地表进行风蚀监测,并利用2020年11月15日和12月26日2次实测风蚀数据对WEPS模型风蚀预测结果进行验证。结果表明:(1)与全采收相比,3种留茬模式均能有效降低风力对种植区地表的侵蚀作用,地表防风固沙能力随留茬数量的增加而提高。(2)WEPS模型预测单宽风蚀量与实测结果有明显差异,模型值最大为实测值的10.16倍,最小为实测值的0.58倍;模型预测质量有不确定性,在植被覆盖度较高的地表预测效果较差。(3)模型预测的单宽输沙量随实测值的增加呈幂函数增加,能够较准确地预测不同地表特征风蚀量变化趋势;在风蚀定量化估算上,WEPS模型还需根据实际风蚀环境对公式及参数进行修正。

Research Progress of Bioactive Substances and Processing of Abelmoschus esculentus L.

Okra （Abelmoschus esculentus L. ） is a novel heahhcare vegetable that has been developed rapidly in recent years in China. It contains abundant bioactive substances with significant heahbeare functions. So far, many domestic research institutions have carried out researches about the extraction technology of bioactive substances and their heahhcare functions. At present, tender pods and other organs of A. esculentus are mainly used freshly and directly, but rare products have been processed and developed. In this paper, the research progress of bioactive substances and processing ofA. esculentus was summarized, aiming at providing reference for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of A. escu/entus in the future in China.

Compounds from the flowers and fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

The Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench was previously reported to have various phytochemicals.Chemical fractionation yielded from the ethanolic extract of the A.esculentus ten compounds,including four alkaloids(4-6,8)and six phenolic acids(1-3,7,9-10).The structures of the compounds were elucidated through extensive spectra analyses and comparison of the experimental data with reported data.It is worth mentioning that compounds 1,2 and 5-10 were isolated from Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)for the first time.

Agro Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Three Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] Varieties from Zinder (Niger) for Yield and Other Variability Components

Okra, (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), is grown as a sole crop and as a field crop in Niger. In the present study, three okra varieties from Zinder region in Niger Republic have been assessed for their agronomic performance traits. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications during the dry season 2018-2019. The following characters were evaluated: emergence;germination;boutonization flowering;fructificaion;height at flowering;height at maturity;length of the petiole;diameter of leaves;diameter of plants;number of fruits;number of fruit per branch;total number of fruits;number of branch, number of leaves;length of fruits;diameter of fruits;number of arrets;weight of fruits;weight of seed, number of seeds. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using XlStat version 7.1 and the means separated by using Turkey’s Method. Analysis of Principal components (PCA) using R software was also performed on the variables. There were significant differences for all characters except emergence, germination, diameter of plants, number of fruits, total number of fruits and diameter of fruits. The multivariate analysis by the ACP showed a grouping of the varieties in three groups. The three okra varieties have revealed good performances and could be useful for a breeding program. The study of the water needs of the varieties will be very interesting to make a better selection of the collection.

Epidemiology of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV) and Its Management through Tracer, Mycotal and Imidacloprid

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the epidemiological factors of okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV). Four varieties of okra were subjected to screening and evaluation of the chemicals. The variety Saloni F1 was highly resistant while Subz Pari was moderately resistant. Diksha was the tolerant variety while Lush Green was moderately susceptible. The chemical Imidacloprid was most effective to control whitefly population and okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV). Correlation of environmental factors (maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and rainfall) with percent plant infection of okra yellow vein mosaic virus (OYVMV) was also determined. There was a significant correlation between environment and disease severity.

不同除草剂对棉田恶性杂草香附子的防除效果及安全性分析

为筛选出棉田防除香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.)的除草剂,选用5种除草剂,采用大田试验,对比分析了其对棉田香附子的防治效果及对棉花生长的安全性。结果表明,药后14 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂(WG)和10%吡嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂(WP)对香附子的株防效分别为88.68%和87.71%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;药后21 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WG和10%吡嘧磺隆WP对香附子的株防效分别为78.70%和76.04%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;药后28 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WG对香附子的株防效和鲜重防效分别为82.37%和91.82%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;安全性分析显示,5种除草剂均对棉花生长安全。

黄秋葵种子的挥发油和脂肪酸GC-MS分析

采用溶剂提取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)种子中的脂肪酸和挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用仪进行分析。结果表明,从黄秋葵种子挥发油中共鉴定出11种化合物,其中正癸烷含量最高,达21.180%;从黄秋葵种子脂肪酸中鉴定出13种脂肪酸,主要是不饱和脂肪酸,含量最高的为亚油酸,占总量的40.225%。黄秋葵种子中的挥发油和脂肪酸成分值得进一步研究。

黄秋葵新品种引种比较试验初报

黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)是一种具有较高营养价值的新型蔬菜,其花、果、茎、叶、种子均具有不同应用价值,经济价值较高。为丰富黑龙江省蔬菜种植品种类型,引进18个黄秋葵新品种,从品质、产量、熟期、抗病性等方面筛选出3个品种适合在黑龙江省推广种植,分别为Ok12、Ok13、Ok15。

异型莎草对不同除草剂的敏感性研究

采用盆栽法茎叶处理方式分别测定了湖南省4个地区的水田异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)对灭草松、二甲四氯、吡嘧磺隆、氯吡嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺5种除草剂的敏感性。结果表明,各异型莎草种群对灭草松和二甲四氯均敏感,鲜重抑制率达90%以上;种群H1、H4对氯吡嘧磺隆不敏感,鲜重抑制率最高达32.12%;种群H1、H3、H4对吡嘧磺隆产生抗性,其ED50分别为6 397.17、194.18、198.06 g(a.i.)/hm2,且这3个种群对五氟磺草胺产生交互抗性,但种群H2对吡嘧磺隆和五氟磺草胺均敏感。

不同秋葵品种的生育特性和营养品质比较研究

以秋葵[Abelmoschus esculentus(L.)Moench]品种五福(A.esculentus cv.Wufu)、五星(A.esculentus cv.Gosei)、南洋(A.esculentus cv.Nanyang)、红娇1号(A.esculentus cv.Akaokura beni)为试材,测定了4个秋葵品种的生育特性、形态特征、营养品质,并用隶属函数法对营养品质进行了综合分析。结果表明,红娇1号含水量最高(91.5%),黄酮类似物含量最高(3.0%),果胶含量和蛋白质含量均较高[21.5%、2.0 mg/100 g(FW)],因此推荐为市场首选;其次,五福和五星的果胶含量类似(22.5%、22.6%),含水量也一致(90.4%),但低于红娇1号,因此应该成为市场的第二选择;而南洋品种的含水量、黄酮类似物含量、蛋白质和果胶含量均最低,因此应该逐渐被市场淘汰。

Treating wastewater under zero waste principle using wetland mesocosms

The present investigation demonstrates the synergistic action of using a sedimentation unit together with Cyperus papyrus(L.)wetland enriched with zeolite mineral in one-year round experiment for treating wastewater.The system was designed to support a horizontal surface flow pattern and showed satisfactory removal efficiencies for both physicochemical and bacteriological contaminants within 3 days of residence time.The removal efficiencies ranged between 76.3%and 98.8%for total suspended solids,turbidity,iron,biological oxygen demand,and ammonia.The bacterial indicators(total and fecal coliforms,as well as fecal streptococci)and the potential pathogens(Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)showed removal efficiencies ranged between 96.9%and 99.8%.We expect the system to offer a smart management for every component according to zero waste principle.The treated effluent was reused to irrigate the landscape of pilot area,and the excess sludge was recycled as fertilizer and soil conditioner.The zeolite mineral did not require regeneration for almost 36 weeks of operation,and enhanced the density of shoots(14.11%)and the height of shoots(15.88%).The harvested plant biomass could be a profitable resource for potent antibacterial and antioxidant bioactive compounds.This could certainly offset part of the operation and maintenance costs and optimize the system implementation feasibility.Although the experiment was designed under local conditions,its results could provide insights to upgrade and optimize the performance of other analogous large-scale constructed wetlands.

油莎豆种质资源遗传多样性的RAPD分析

本研究利用RAPD分子标记技术对19份油莎豆资源和1份香附子资源进行遗传多样性分析,从96个引物中筛选出24个条带清晰且重复性好的引物,扩增得到134个位点,其中94个位点具有多态性,多态性率为70.15%。NTSYS聚类分析显示,供试油莎豆与香附子遗传相似系数的变化幅度0.41~0.46,供试油莎豆材料间遗传相似系数的变化幅度为0.92~1.00,以遗传相似系数0.40为阈值,可将供试油莎豆与香附子聚成两大类。结果表明,供试油莎豆材料之间相似性较高,遗传基础相近,且油莎豆材料地域性不明显;莎草属种间遗传多样性丰富。RAPD分析结果为后续研究莎草族种质间的遗传多样性提供理论依据。

油莎豆转录组测序及生物信息学分析

为获得油莎豆的基因数据和初步了解其基因功能,本研究基于RNA-Seq技术对油莎豆幼苗叶片和根的混合样品进行转录组测序和生物信息学相关分析。对测序数据进行序列组装共获得19 607条Unigene,总长度为21 274 744 bp。将获得Unigene分别与COG、GO、KEGG、KOG、Pfam、Swissprot和Nr数据库进行比对,共计12 896条Unigene被注释,占总数的65.77%。其中7 527条Unigene在GO数据库中比对获得注释,根据功能分为细胞组分、分子功能和生物进程3大类52个亚类;12 288条Unigene在Nr数据库中获得注释,注释的同源序列主要来自菠萝;通过KOG数据库比对,7 271条Unigene被注释到25个类别中,其中参与一般功能、翻译后修饰及信号传导的注释基因最多。在所有Unigene中共检索到154 456个SNP位点,以碱基转换类型为主。本研究为油莎豆功能基因挖掘和分子标记开发提供理论基础。