Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products Sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 106 UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 107 UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 105 UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 106 UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 105 UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 105 UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 105 UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 104 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 106 CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 104 CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 105 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 104 CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 105 CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 103 CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 105 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

Neuroprotection of Cyperus esculentus L. orientin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion induced brain injury

Orientin is a flavonoid monomer.In recent years,its importance as a source of pharmacological active substance is growing rapidly due to its properties such as anti-myocardial ischemia,anti-apoptosis,anti-radiation,anti-tumor,and anti-aging.However,the neuroprotective effects of Orientin on stroke injury have not been comprehensively evaluated.The aim of the present study was thus to investigate the neuroprotective capacity and the potential mechanisms of Cyperus esculentus L.orientin(CLO)from Cyperus esculentus L.leaves against ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury using standard orientin as control.For in vitro studies,we treated HT22 cells with CoCl2 as an in vitro ischemic injury model.HT22 cells in the control group were treated with CoCl2.For in vivo studies,we used rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion,and animals that received sham surgery were used as controls.We found that CLO protected CoCl2-induced HT22 cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury by lowering lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species formation as well as decreasing protein oxidation.However,CLO did not reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase nor increase the activity of superoxide dismutase.Results showed that CLO could decrease neurological deficit score,attenuate brain water content,and reduce cerebral infarct volume,leading to neuroprotection during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Our studies indicate that CLO flavonoids can be taken as a natural antioxidant and bacteriostastic substance in food and pharmaceutical industry.The molecular mechanisms of CLO could be at least partially attributed to the antioxidant properties and subsequently inhibiting activation of casepase-3.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved on May 16,2016 by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Xinjiang Medical University of China(approval No.IACUC20160516-57).

异型莎草对不同除草剂的敏感性研究

采用盆栽法茎叶处理方式分别测定了湖南省4个地区的水田异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)对灭草松、二甲四氯、吡嘧磺隆、氯吡嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺5种除草剂的敏感性。结果表明,各异型莎草种群对灭草松和二甲四氯均敏感,鲜重抑制率达90%以上;种群H1、H4对氯吡嘧磺隆不敏感,鲜重抑制率最高达32.12%;种群H1、H3、H4对吡嘧磺隆产生抗性,其ED50分别为6 397.17、194.18、198.06 g(a.i.)/hm2,且这3个种群对五氟磺草胺产生交互抗性,但种群H2对吡嘧磺隆和五氟磺草胺均敏感。

不同除草剂对棉田恶性杂草香附子的防除效果及安全性分析

为筛选出棉田防除香附子(Cyperus rotundus L.)的除草剂,选用5种除草剂,采用大田试验,对比分析了其对棉田香附子的防治效果及对棉花生长的安全性。结果表明,药后14 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆水分散粒剂(WG)和10%吡嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂(WP)对香附子的株防效分别为88.68%和87.71%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;药后21 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WG和10%吡嘧磺隆WP对香附子的株防效分别为78.70%和76.04%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;药后28 d,75%氯吡嘧磺隆WG对香附子的株防效和鲜重防效分别为82.37%和91.82%,极显著高于其他药剂处理;安全性分析显示,5种除草剂均对棉花生长安全。

香附子鳞茎水提物合成银纳米颗粒及催化性能

为了寻求绿色环保且高效的合成银纳米颗粒(silver nanoparticles, AgNPs)方法,本文使用香附子(Cyperus rptundus L.)鳞茎水提物作为合成材料,在模拟太阳光照射下快速合成AgNPs并对其进行表征,以亚甲基蓝(methylene blue, MB)作为模式染料探究了AgNPs的催化活性。结果表明:本文方法在90 min内合成了平均粒径为(11.40±4.70)nm的球形AgNPs,并且所合成的AgNPs具有优异的催化效率。

Treating wastewater under zero waste principle using wetland mesocosms

The present investigation demonstrates the synergistic action of using a sedimentation unit together with Cyperus papyrus(L.)wetland enriched with zeolite mineral in one-year round experiment for treating wastewater.The system was designed to support a horizontal surface flow pattern and showed satisfactory removal efficiencies for both physicochemical and bacteriological contaminants within 3 days of residence time.The removal efficiencies ranged between 76.3%and 98.8%for total suspended solids,turbidity,iron,biological oxygen demand,and ammonia.The bacterial indicators(total and fecal coliforms,as well as fecal streptococci)and the potential pathogens(Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)showed removal efficiencies ranged between 96.9%and 99.8%.We expect the system to offer a smart management for every component according to zero waste principle.The treated effluent was reused to irrigate the landscape of pilot area,and the excess sludge was recycled as fertilizer and soil conditioner.The zeolite mineral did not require regeneration for almost 36 weeks of operation,and enhanced the density of shoots(14.11%)and the height of shoots(15.88%).The harvested plant biomass could be a profitable resource for potent antibacterial and antioxidant bioactive compounds.This could certainly offset part of the operation and maintenance costs and optimize the system implementation feasibility.Although the experiment was designed under local conditions,its results could provide insights to upgrade and optimize the performance of other analogous large-scale constructed wetlands.