Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,Cyp...Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis),an indigenous strain in China,is renowned for its unique body morphology and reddish skin.To reveal the genetic basis underlying the distinct skin color of HB,we constructed an improved highfidelity(HiFi) HB genome with good contiguity,completeness,and correctness.Genome structure comparison was conducted between HB and a representative wild strain,Yellow River carp(YR,C.carpio haematopterus),to identify structural variants and genes under positive selection.Signatures of artificial selection during domestication were identified in HB and YR populations,while phenotype mapping was performed in a segregating population generated by HB×YR crosses.Body color in HB was associated with regions with fixed mutations.The simultaneous mutation and superposition of a pair of homologous genes(mitfa) in chromosomes A06 and B06 conferred the reddish color in domesticated HB.Transcriptome analysis of common carp with different alleles of the mitfa mutation confirmed that gene duplication can buffer the deleterious effects of mutation in allotetraploids.This study provides new insights into genotype-phenotype associations in allotetraploid species and lays a foundation for future breeding of common carp.展开更多
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、CO...采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、COX、ME)的同工酶谱均存在明显的组织特异性。14种酶共记录出33个基因位点,其中α-Amy-2、Cox-2、Est-1、Ldh-1、Mdh-1、Mdh-2和Sod-1为多态位点。蓝色鳞鲤群体的多态位点百分数为21.21%(P0.99),平均预期杂合度和平均实际杂合度分别为0.1079和0.2121,遗传偏离指数(d)值为正。平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.24。实验表明,目前蓝色鳞鲤群体的种质资源状况尚好,表现出明显的杂交优势。展开更多
试验选用初始体重为(44.34±1.58)g的津新鲤1 260尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复70尾鱼。6组饲料分别含有豆油、鸡油、玉米油、棕榈油、菜籽油、棉籽油。饲养8周后探讨饲料中不同脂肪源对津新鲤生长、相关脂代谢酶活性及脂肪...试验选用初始体重为(44.34±1.58)g的津新鲤1 260尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复70尾鱼。6组饲料分别含有豆油、鸡油、玉米油、棕榈油、菜籽油、棉籽油。饲养8周后探讨饲料中不同脂肪源对津新鲤生长、相关脂代谢酶活性及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因表达的影响。结果表明:玉米油组的相对增重率、特定生长率及蛋白质效率显著高于其它5组(P<0.05),但玉米油组饵料系数则最低。不同脂肪源饲料对肝胰脏及肾脏中LPL、肝脂酶(HL)、总脂酶(GE)、脂肪代谢酶活性影响很大(P<0.05),且玉米油组酶活性均最高;各组肝胰脏及肾脏FAS变化不大(P>0.05)。从基因表达来看,玉米油组更容易诱导和调节肝胰脏和肾脏中FAS及LPL m RNA的表达(P<0.05),再次投喂后6 h,肝胰脏和肾脏中LPL m RNA表达丰度均达到峰值,而肝胰脏中FASm RNA表达丰度达到最低值,肾脏中FAS m RNA表达丰度逐渐下降。总之,玉米油可作为津新鲤优质脂肪源。展开更多
[Objectives]To study the effects of biological flocs on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var.Furui No.2 and aquaculture water quality.[Methods]The comparative experiment method was adopted.An experimental group a...[Objectives]To study the effects of biological flocs on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var.Furui No.2 and aquaculture water quality.[Methods]The comparative experiment method was adopted.An experimental group and a control group were set up,with 3 replicates in each group.The experimental group used beet molasses as the carbon source which was added once a week.The breed,quantity,and specifications of stocked fish in each group were exactly the same.The experiment lasted for 60 d.Fish growth indicators were measured every 7 d.After one week of the experiment,ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were monitored once a week,and dissolved oxygen was monitored once a day.[Results]The survival rate of fish,the average weight of,the weight gain rate,and the specific growth rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion rate was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).One week after adding the carbon source in the experimental group,the ammonia nitrogen was lower than the control group,and after three weeks it was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05);after adding the carbon source,the nitrite in the experimental group was lower than the control group,there was no significant difference in the first three weeks(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference after three weeks(P<0.05).The feed conversion rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Adding a carbon source can significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen,nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances in the aquaculture water,promote the growth of aquaculture fish and increase the feed utilization rate.展开更多
To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide（GPS） against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin（TCDD）-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp,the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1,0....To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide（GPS） against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin（TCDD）-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp,the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 60 days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 μg/kg TCDD at a volume of 0.05 mL/10 g body weight.At 72 hr post-injection,blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices.The results showed that increases in alanine aminotransferase（GPT）,aspartate aminotransferase（GOT）,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）,and alkaline phosphatase（AKP） in serum induced by TCDD were significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with 1.0 g/kg GPS.Following the 1.0 g/kg GPS pre-treatment,total protein（TP）,albumin（Alb）,catalase（CAT）,glutathione peroxidase（GPx）,total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities in liver tissue increased significantly,malondialdehyde（MDA） formation（P ＆lt; 0.05 or P ＆lt; 0.01） was significantly inhibited,and the expression of cytochrome P4501A（CYP1A）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2（AHR2） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2（ARNT2） mRNA（P ＆lt; 0.05） was significantly enhanced.Histological observations on fish liver were obtained by preparing paraffin tissue sections via HE staining,and the results showed that histological changes were obviously reduced by 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg GPS.GPS significantly reduced liver tissue damage caused by TCDD.Overall,these results proved the hepatoprotective effect of GPS in protecting against fish liver injury induced by TCDD,and supported the use of GPS（1.0 g/kg） as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent in fish.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFE0119000)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31872561)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (32225049)Alliance of International Science Organizations (ANSO-CR-PP-2021-03)。
文摘Common carp are among the oldest domesticated fish in the world.As such,there are many food and ornamental carp strains with abundant phenotypic variations due to natural and artificial selection.Hebao red carp(HB,Cyprinus carpio wuyuanensis),an indigenous strain in China,is renowned for its unique body morphology and reddish skin.To reveal the genetic basis underlying the distinct skin color of HB,we constructed an improved highfidelity(HiFi) HB genome with good contiguity,completeness,and correctness.Genome structure comparison was conducted between HB and a representative wild strain,Yellow River carp(YR,C.carpio haematopterus),to identify structural variants and genes under positive selection.Signatures of artificial selection during domestication were identified in HB and YR populations,while phenotype mapping was performed in a segregating population generated by HB×YR crosses.Body color in HB was associated with regions with fixed mutations.The simultaneous mutation and superposition of a pair of homologous genes(mitfa) in chromosomes A06 and B06 conferred the reddish color in domesticated HB.Transcriptome analysis of common carp with different alleles of the mitfa mutation confirmed that gene duplication can buffer the deleterious effects of mutation in allotetraploids.This study provides new insights into genotype-phenotype associations in allotetraploid species and lays a foundation for future breeding of common carp.
文摘采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳法对蓝色鳞鲤(Cyprinus carpio blue var)进行同工酶分析。结果表明:在蓝色鳞鲤的眼睛、肌肉、肝脏、心脏、肾脏5种组织中,14种酶(LDH、ADH、GDH、MDH、G-6-PDH、EST、POD、SDH、FDH、SOD、α-AMY、CAT、COX、ME)的同工酶谱均存在明显的组织特异性。14种酶共记录出33个基因位点,其中α-Amy-2、Cox-2、Est-1、Ldh-1、Mdh-1、Mdh-2和Sod-1为多态位点。蓝色鳞鲤群体的多态位点百分数为21.21%(P0.99),平均预期杂合度和平均实际杂合度分别为0.1079和0.2121,遗传偏离指数(d)值为正。平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.24。实验表明,目前蓝色鳞鲤群体的种质资源状况尚好,表现出明显的杂交优势。
文摘试验选用初始体重为(44.34±1.58)g的津新鲤1 260尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复70尾鱼。6组饲料分别含有豆油、鸡油、玉米油、棕榈油、菜籽油、棉籽油。饲养8周后探讨饲料中不同脂肪源对津新鲤生长、相关脂代谢酶活性及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)基因表达的影响。结果表明:玉米油组的相对增重率、特定生长率及蛋白质效率显著高于其它5组(P<0.05),但玉米油组饵料系数则最低。不同脂肪源饲料对肝胰脏及肾脏中LPL、肝脂酶(HL)、总脂酶(GE)、脂肪代谢酶活性影响很大(P<0.05),且玉米油组酶活性均最高;各组肝胰脏及肾脏FAS变化不大(P>0.05)。从基因表达来看,玉米油组更容易诱导和调节肝胰脏和肾脏中FAS及LPL m RNA的表达(P<0.05),再次投喂后6 h,肝胰脏和肾脏中LPL m RNA表达丰度均达到峰值,而肝胰脏中FASm RNA表达丰度达到最低值,肾脏中FAS m RNA表达丰度逐渐下降。总之,玉米油可作为津新鲤优质脂肪源。
基金the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of FinanceKey Scientific and Technological Planning Project of Jilin Province(20190301040NY).
文摘[Objectives]To study the effects of biological flocs on growth performance of Cyprinus carpio var.Furui No.2 and aquaculture water quality.[Methods]The comparative experiment method was adopted.An experimental group and a control group were set up,with 3 replicates in each group.The experimental group used beet molasses as the carbon source which was added once a week.The breed,quantity,and specifications of stocked fish in each group were exactly the same.The experiment lasted for 60 d.Fish growth indicators were measured every 7 d.After one week of the experiment,ammonia nitrogen and nitrite were monitored once a week,and dissolved oxygen was monitored once a day.[Results]The survival rate of fish,the average weight of,the weight gain rate,and the specific growth rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion rate was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).One week after adding the carbon source in the experimental group,the ammonia nitrogen was lower than the control group,and after three weeks it was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05);after adding the carbon source,the nitrite in the experimental group was lower than the control group,there was no significant difference in the first three weeks(P>0.05),and there was a significant difference after three weeks(P<0.05).The feed conversion rate of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Adding a carbon source can significantly reduce ammonia nitrogen,nitrite and other toxic and harmful substances in the aquaculture water,promote the growth of aquaculture fish and increase the feed utilization rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31202002,31200918)Jiangsu Science and Technology Department(No.BK2012535)the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(No.2014A08YQ01)
文摘To evaluate the protective effects of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide（GPS） against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin（TCDD）-induced hepatotoxicity in Jian carp,the fish were fed diets containing GPS at doses of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 g/kg for 60 days before an intraperitoneal injection of 0.6 μg/kg TCDD at a volume of 0.05 mL/10 g body weight.At 72 hr post-injection,blood and liver samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the fish liver samples were used for the preparation of pathological slices.The results showed that increases in alanine aminotransferase（GPT）,aspartate aminotransferase（GOT）,lactate dehydrogenase（LDH）,and alkaline phosphatase（AKP） in serum induced by TCDD were significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with 1.0 g/kg GPS.Following the 1.0 g/kg GPS pre-treatment,total protein（TP）,albumin（Alb）,catalase（CAT）,glutathione peroxidase（GPx）,total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activities in liver tissue increased significantly,malondialdehyde（MDA） formation（P ＆lt; 0.05 or P ＆lt; 0.01） was significantly inhibited,and the expression of cytochrome P4501A（CYP1A）,aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2（AHR2） and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2（ARNT2） mRNA（P ＆lt; 0.05） was significantly enhanced.Histological observations on fish liver were obtained by preparing paraffin tissue sections via HE staining,and the results showed that histological changes were obviously reduced by 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg GPS.GPS significantly reduced liver tissue damage caused by TCDD.Overall,these results proved the hepatoprotective effect of GPS in protecting against fish liver injury induced by TCDD,and supported the use of GPS（1.0 g/kg） as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent in fish.
