Low Level of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Is Associated with Human Sperm Autophagy and Vitality

Low sperm motility is one of the main causes of male infertility. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR, an anion channel protein) is related to the progressive motility of sperm. CFTR disruptor CFTRinh-172 or forskolin (FSK) in this study were used to treat human sperm separately, and the rates of sperm autophagy and progressive motility, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP concentration, and the expression levels of related factors were detected to explore their relationship. It was showed that sperms treated with CFTRinh-172 or FSK reduced the levels of cAMP, CFTR and PKA, but increased sperm autophagy rate, expression levels of AMPK and LC3B. However, reactive oxygen species content had no significant difference. It was indicated that low level of CFTR performed with cAMP and its downstream effectors such as PKA and AMPK to regulate mitochondrial structure and function, leading to increased autophagy rate and reduced vitality of sperm.

Tetramethylpyrazine stimulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-mediated anion secretion in distal colon of rodents

AIM： To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine （TMP）, an active compound from Ligustium Wollichii Franchat, on electrolyte transport across the distal colon of rodents and the mechanism involved.METHODS： The short-circuit current （Isc） technique in conjunction with pharmacological agents and specific inhibitors were used in analyzing the electrolyte transport across the distal colon of rodents. The underlying cellular signaling mechanism was investigated by radioimmunoassay analysis （RIA） and a special mouse model of cystic fibrosis.RESULTS： IMP stimulated a conoentration-dependent rise in ISCl, which was dependent on both Cl^- and HCO3^-, and inhibited by apical application of diphenylamine-2,2＇-dicarboxylic acid （DPC） and glibenclamide, but resistant to 4,4＇-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2＇-disulfonic acid disodium salt hydrate （DIDS）. Removal of Na^＋ from basolateral solution almost completely abolished the Isc response to TMP, but it was insensitive to apical Na^＋ replacement or apical Na^＋ channel blocker, amiloride. Pretreatment of colonic mucosa with BAPTA-AM, a membrane-permeable selective Ca2＋ chelator, did not significantly alter the TMP-induced Iso No additive effect of forskolin and 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine （[BMX） was observed on the TMP-induced Isc, but it was significantly reduced by a protein kinase A inhibitor, H89.RIA results showed that TMP （1 mmol/L） elicited a significant increase in cellular cAMP production, which was similar to that elicited by the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin （10μmol/L）. The TMP-elicited Isc as well as forskolin- or IBMX-induced Isc were abolished in mice with homozygous mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR） presenting defective CFTR functions and secretions.CONCLUSION： TMP may stimulate cAMP-dependent and CFTR-mediated Cl^- and HCO3^- secretion. This may have implications in the future development of alternative treatment for constipation.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel blockers:Pharmacological,biophysical and physiological relevance

Dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane con-ductance regulator(CFTR) chloride channel causes cys-tic fibrosis, while inappropriate activity of this channeloccurs in secretory diarrhea and polycystic kidney dis-ease. Drugs that interact directly with CFTR are there-fore of interest in the treatment of a number of diseasestates. This review focuses on one class of small mol-ecules that interacts directly with CFTR, namely inhibi-tors that act by directly blocking chloride movementthrough the open channel pore. In theory such com-pounds could be of use in the treatment of diarrheaand polycystic kidney disease, however in practice allknown substances acting by this mechanism to inhibitCFTR function lack either the potency or specificity forin vivo use. Nevertheless, this theoretical pharmaco-logical usefulness set the scene for the developmentof more potent, specific CFTR inhibitors. Biophysically,open channel blockers have proven most useful as ex-perimental probes of the structure and function of theCFTR chloride channel pore. Most importantly, the useof these blockers has been fundamental in developing afunctional model of the pore that includes a wide innervestibule that uses positively charged amino acid sidechains to attract both permeant and blocking anionsfrom the cell cytoplasm. CFTR channels are also subjectto this kind of blocking action by endogenous anionspresent in the cell cytoplasm, and recently this blocking effect has been suggested to play a role in the physio-logical control of CFTR channel function, in particular as a novel mechanism linking CFTR function dynamically to the composition of epithelial cell secretions. It has also been suggested that future drugs could target this same pathway as a way of pharmacologically increasing CFTR activity in cystic fibrosis. Studying open channel blockers and their mechanisms of action has resulted in significant advances in our understanding of CFTR as a pharmacological target in disease states, of CFTR chan-nel structure and function, and of how CFTR activity is controlled by its local environment.

Emerging role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator- an epithelial chloride channel in gastrointestinal cancers

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator prevents ischemia/reperfusion induced intestinal apoptosis via inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway

BACKGROUND Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury is a fatal syndrome that occurs under many clinical scenarios.The apoptosis of intestinal cells caused by ischemia can cause cell damage and provoke systemic dysfunction during reperfusion.However,the mechanism of I/R-induced apoptosis remains unclear.Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)is a cAMP-activated chloride channel.Few researchers have paid attention to its role in intestinal I/R injury,or the relationship between CFTR and intestinal apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R).AIM To investigate the effects of CFTR on I/R-induced intestinal apoptosis and its underlying molecular mechanisms.METHODS An intestinal I/R injury model was established in mice with superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and Caco2 cells were subjected to H/R for the simulation of I/R in vivo.RESULTSThe results suggested that CFTR overexpression significantly increased the Caco2 cell viability anddecreased cell apoptosis induced by the H/R. Interestingly, we found that the translocation of p65,an NF-κB member, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus after H/R treatment can be reversed by theoverexpression of CFTR, the NF-κB P65 would return from the nucleus to the cytoplasm asdetermined by immunostaining. We also discovered that CFTR inhibited cell apoptosis in theH/R-treated cells, and this effect was significantly curbed by the NF-κB activator BA, AKTinhibitor GSK690693 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Moreover, we demonstrated that CFTRoverexpression could reverse the decreased PI3K/AKT expression induced by the I/R treatment invivo or H/R treatment in vitro.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicate that the overexpression of CFTR protects Caco2 cells fromH/R-induced apoptosis;furthermore, it also inhibits H/R-induced apoptosis through thePI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in H/R-treated Caco2 cells and intestinal tissues.

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator functional evaluations in a G542X+/-IVS8Tn:T7/9 patient with acute recurrent pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Acute recurrent pancreatitis(ARP)is characterized by episodes of acute pancreatitis in an otherwise normal gland.When no cause of ARP is identifiable,the diagnosis of"idiopathic"ARP is given.Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)gene increase the risk of ARP by 3-to 4-times compared to the general population,while cystic fibrosis(CF)patients present with a 40-to 80-times higher risk of developing pancreatitis.CASE SUMMARY In non-classical CF or CFTR-related disorders,CFTR functional tests can help to ensure a proper diagnosis.We applied an individualized combination of standardized and new CFTR functional bioassays for a patient referred to the Verona CF Center for evaluation after several episodes of acute pancreatitis.The CFTR genotype was G542X+/-with IVS8Tn:T7/9 polymorphism.The sweat(Cl-)values were borderline.Intestinal current measurements were performed according to the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Standardized Operating Procedure.Recent nasal surgery for deviated septum did not allow for nasal potential difference measurements.Lung function and sputum cultures were normal;azoospermia was excluded.Pancreas divisum was excluded by imaging but hypoplasia of the left hepatic lobe was detected.Innovative tests applied in this case include sweat rate measurement by image analysis,CFTR function in monocytes evaluated using a membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent probe,and the intestinal organoids forskolin-induced swelling assay.CONCLUSION Combination of innovative CFTR functional assays might support a controversial diagnosis when CFTR-related disorders and/or non-classical CF are suspected.

Expression of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in Rat Ovary

The protein expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR）, a cAMP-activated Cl- channel, in ovarian stimulated premature female rat ovary during a cycle of follicle development and corpus luteum formation was investigated. Animals were injected with 10 U pregnant Mare＇s serum gonadotropin （PMSG） and subsequently 10 U hCG 48 h later. Time-dependent immunohistochemistry and Western blotting experiments were performed before and 24, 48, 72 h after hCG treatment. The immunohistochemistry revealed that administration of PMSG stimulated the CFTR expression in thecal cell layer and granulosa cell layer of mature follicles 48 h post injection, coincident with the PMSG-induced peak in follicular estradiol. However, the expression of CFTR in the granulose lutein cell layer and thecal lutein cell layer was time-dependently reduced following hCG injection, in accordance with the gradually increased progestogen level during luteum corpus formation. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that rat ovarian tissue expressed the special CFTR band at 170 kD. It is concluded that cAMP-dependent Cl- channels are involved in regulation of follicle development and luteum formation.

CFTR氯通道调控多囊卵巢综合征患者血小板活化及炎症的机制研究

目的:研究CFTR氯通道调控多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血小板活化及炎症的机制。方法:选取2021年4月至2021年10月在中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院妇科门诊患者,满足PCOS诊断标准及对照组的纳排标准后,利用PCOS患者血样、体外细胞模型、基因干预CFTR等手段,探讨CFTR调控PCOS血小板活化的机制。结果:与月经规律女性相比,PCOS患者的月经周期,血清LH、PRL、T以及0、1、2h胰岛素和血糖均存在明显差异(P<0.001)。PCOS患者血小板中,CFTR蛋白表达水平降低,且PCOS患者的血小板活化指标P-selectin表达显著高于对照组,且与CFTR表达呈负相关;同时CFTR表达与HOMA-IR、睾酮水平呈负相关。PCOS组血小板的胞内氯浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.001),同时SGK1的磷酸化(Ser422)增加。MEG-01细胞中,相较对照组,过表达CFTR后,SGK1的磷酸化及P2Y12表达降低、胞内氯浓度下降(P<0.05)。MEG-01细胞中,相较于对照组,敲低SGK1后,P2Y12表达降低、血小板炎症指标下降(P<0.05)。结论:PCOS患者的血栓发生风险增加,其可能原因是高雄及胰岛素抵抗导致PCOS患者血小板中CFTR蛋白表达下降,从而导致血小板的[Cl-]i升高,SGK1磷酸化水平升高,引起了血小板炎症因子P2Y12的升高,最终导致血小板活化增加,血栓风险增加。

c.753＿754delAG, a novel CFTR mutation found in a Chinese patient with cystic fibrosis: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis(CF)is rare in Asian populations relative to the Caucasian population.In this paper,we report the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)variation in a family of Chinese CF patients,and systematically review the previous literature.CASE SUMMARY Here we report a 30-month-old Chinese girl who was diagnosed with CF based on her history and symptoms such as recurrent productive cough,wheezing with repeated infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and parasinusitis.Chest computed tomography(CT)scanning revealed obvious exudative lesions and bilateral bronchiectasis.Liver CT scanning revealed a low-density lesion in the left lobe of the liver.A diagnosis of CF was made based upon CFTR gene tests.The CFTR gene was sequenced using the blood samples of her and her parents and showed a heterozygous novel missense mutation of c.753_754delAG in exon 7.In addition,a heterozygous c.1240 C>T mutation was found in exon 10 of the CFTR.The mutation c.753_754delAG was verified to have been inherited from her mother,and the c.1240 C>T mutation was from her father who was diagnosed with congenital absence of vas deferens.CONCLUSION A novel mutation of CFTR,c.753_754delAG,was found in a Chinese CF child.c.2909G>A is the most common mutation among Chinese CF patients.

Rare large homozygous CFTR gene deletion in an Iranian patient with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis, a common autosomal recessive genetic disorder among Caucasians, is caused by defects in the transmembrane conductance regulatory(CFTR) gene. The analysis of CFTR gene mutations is useful to better characterize the disease, and for preconceptional screening, prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Here we report the results of a genetic analysis in a 16-year-old boy from southwestern Iran diagnosed as having cystic fibrosis in infancy based on gastrointestinal and pulmonary manifestations, with positive sweat chloride tests. He lacked both normal and mutant forms of the fragment corresponding to the F508 allele in initial genetic studies. Multiplex ligationdependent probe amplification-based testing revealed a homozygous deletion spanning exons 4 to 10 of the CFTR gene. We predict an in-frame deletion removing 373 amino acids based on our sequencing results. Determining CFTR gene mutations in patients and their family members would be helpful to prevent the occurrence of new cases, especially in populations in which consanguinity is common.

ADAMTS9-AS2调控miRNA-1290和CFTR的表达及对三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭的影响

目的本研究旨在探究长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)ADAMTS9反义RNA 2(ADAMTS9-AS2)靶向调控微小RNA-1290(miR-1290)和囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)的表达及对三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测ADAMTS9-AS2在乳腺癌组织和细胞系(MCF-7、MDA-MB-453、T47D、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-231和SK-BR-3)中的表达情况。培养MDA-MB-231细胞,分为:对照组(空白)、pcDNA组(阴性对照)和ADAMTS9-AS2过表达组。MTT法、划痕实验和Transwell实验分别检测MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。双荧光素酶报告基因实验、qRT-PCR和Western blot验证ADAMTS9-AS2和miR-1290靶向关系。结果ADAMTS9-AS2在乳腺癌组织(0.444±0.045)中的相对表达水平低于癌旁组织(1.000±0.062)(P<0.01)。与癌旁正常乳腺组织相比(1.000±0.092),miR-1290在乳腺癌组织中相对表达水平更高(1.504±0.104)(P<0.01)。ADAMTS9-AS2在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-453、T47D、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-231和SK-BR-3相对表达量低于正常乳腺上皮细胞(MCF-10A),miR-1290在乳腺癌细胞MCF-7、MDA-MB-453、T47D、MDA-MB-468、MDA-MB-231和SK-BR-3中相对表达量高于MCF-10A细胞,其中MDA-MB-231的ADAMTS9-AS2相对表达量最低,miR-1290相对表达量最高。ADAMTS9-AS2过表达组MDA-MB-231细胞增殖(48 h和72 h)、迁移(12 h和24 h)和侵袭(24 h)能力均低于对照组和pcDNA组,CFTR的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均高于对照组和pcDNA组(均P<0.05)。ADAMTS9-AS2可靶向结合miR-1290。结论ADAMTS9-AS2可能调控miR-1290和CFTR表达,抑制乳腺癌细胞的迁移和侵袭,提示ADAMTS9-AS2可能是三阴性乳腺癌治疗的潜在靶点。

Cystic fibrosis associated liver disease in children

Cystic fibrosis(CF)is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene.CF liver disease develops in 5%-10%of patients with CF and is the third leading cause of death among patients with CF after pulmonary disease or lung transplant complications.We review the pathogenesis,clinical presentations,complications,diagnostic evaluation,effect of medical therapies especially CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulators and liver transplantation in CF associated liver disease.

Lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy is associated with reduced hepatic steatosis in cystic fibrosis patients

BACKGROUND Hepatic steatosis is a common form of cystic fibrosis associated liver disease(CFLD)seen in an estimated 15%-60%of patients with cystic fibrosis(CF).The pathophysiology and health implications of hepatic steatosis in cystic fibrosis remain largely unknown.In the general population,hepatic steatosis is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.Cystic fibrosis related diabetes(CFRD)impacts 40%-50%of CF adults and is characterized by both insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance.We hypothesized that patients with CFRD would have higher levels of hepatic steatosis than cystic fibrosis patients without diabetes.AIM To determine whether CFRD is associated with hepatic steatosis and to explore the impact of lumacaftor/ivacaftor therapy on hepatic steatosis in CF.METHODS Thirty patients with CF were recruited from a tertiary care medical center for this cross-sectional study.Only pancreatic insufficient patients with CFRD or normal glucose tolerance(NGT)were included.Patients with established CFLD,end stage lung disease,or persistently elevated liver enzymes were excluded.Mean magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)proton density fat fraction(PDFF)was obtained for all participants.Clinical characteristics[age,sex,body mass index,percent predicted forced expiratory volume at 1 s(FEV1),lumacaftor/ivacaftor use]and blood chemistries were assessed for possible association with hepatic steatosis.Hepatic steatosis was defined as a mean MRI PDFF>5%.Patients were grouped by diabetes status(CFRD,NGT)and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR)modulator use(lumacaftor/ivacaftor,no lumacaftor/ivacaftor)to determine between group differences.Continuous variables were analyzed with a Wilcoxon rank sum test and discrete variables with a Chi square test or Fisher’s exact test.RESULTS Twenty subjects were included in the final analysis.The median age was 22.3 years(11.3-39.0)and median FEV1 was 77%(33%-105%).Twelve subjects had CFRD and 8 had NGT.Nine subjects were receiving lumacaftor/ivacaftor.The median PDFF was 3.0%(0.0%-21.0%).Six subjects(30%)had hepatic steatosis defined as PDFF>5%.Hepatic fat fraction was significantly lower in patients receiving lumacaftor/ivacaftor(median,range)(2.0%,0.0%-6.4%)than in patients not receiving lumacaftor/ivacaftor(4.1%,2.7-21.0%),P=0.002.Though patients with CFRD had lower PDFF(2.2%,0.0%-14.5%)than patients with NGT(4.9%,2.4-21.0%)this did not reach statistical significance,P=0.06.No other clinical characteristic was strongly associated with hepatic steatosis.CONCLUSION Use of the CFTR modulator lumacaftor/ivacaftor was associated with significantly lower hepatic steatosis.No association between CFRD and hepatic steatosis was found in this cohort.

CFTR在原发性肝细胞癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探究细胞囊性纤维化跨膜转导调节因子(CFTR)在原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达水平及其与患者临床特征及预后的关联。方法:收集HCC患者癌组织和癌旁组织,检测样本中CFTR的基因表达,分析CFTR表达水平与HCC患者临床病理特征及预后的关联。结果:CFTR在HCC癌组织中的表达水平低于癌旁组织(P<0.05);患者的各种临床病理特征在CFTR低表达组与CFTR高表达组间的分布比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);生存分析显示,CFTR低表达患者的平均生存时间低于CFTR高表达患者,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Cox回归模型分析显示,癌组织中CFTR的表达与HCC患者死亡风险无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CFTR在HCC中可能是一个抑癌基因,但尚未发现CFTR表达水平与HCC患者的临床病理特征及预后的关联。

Ginkgolide C Stimulates CFTR-mediate Anion Conductance in Distal Colon:Implication for Therapy of Gastrointestinal Diseases

The effects and the mechanisms of natural compounds ginkgolides on CFTR-mediate anion transport were investigated. The CFTR-mediate iodide influx rates were studied via a cell-based fluorescence assay done for FRT cells stably transfected by CFTR; transepithelial short-circuit current recordings of FRT cells and rat distal colon mucosa were respectively obtained. Cellular cAMP concentrations were measured via a radioimmunoassay analysis kit. Ginkgolide C dose-dependently increases CFTR-mediate anion transport, whereas ginkgolide A and B show no effect. The activation is sensitive to CFTR specific activator CFTRinh-172. Ginkgolide C stimulated amiloride and indomethacin pre-treated Cl currents in rat distal colon mucosa. Studies on FRT cells also manifest that ginkgolide C had additive effect with FSK/IBMX mixture and didn＇t elevate intracellular cAMP concentration, which implies it works through a direct binding mechanism. In conclusion, Ginkgolide C directly stimulates CFTR-mediate anion transport. Ginkgolide C may be a promising drug for the prevention and treatment of CFTR-related diseases such as idiopathic chronic pancreatitis（ICP）, habitual constipation, and kcratoconjunctivitis sicca（KCS）.

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes:The unmet need

Cystic fibrosis(CF)is a common autosomal recessive disease.Life expectancy of patients with CF continues to improve mainly driven by the evolving therapies for CF-related organ dysfunction.The prevalence of CF-related diabetes(CFRD)increases exponentially as patients’age.Clinical care guidelines for CFRD from 2010,recommend insulin as the mainstay of treatment.Many patients with CFRD may not require exogenous insulin due to the heterogeneity of this clinical entity.Maintenance of euglycemia by enhancing endogenous insulin production,secretion and degradation with novel pharmacological therapies like glucagonlike peptide-1 agonist is an option that remains to be fully explored.As such,the scope of this article will focus on our perspective of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist in the context of CFRD.Other potential options such as sodiumglucose cotransporter-2 and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and their impact on this patient population is limited and further studies are required.

先天性单侧输精管缺如合并无精子症CFTR基因突变检测

目的:探讨先天性单侧输精管缺如(CUAVD)合并无精子症患者囊性纤维化跨膜转导(CFTR)基因全外显子检测的结果与意义。方法:抽取CUAVD合并无精子症6例患者外周血行CFTR全外显子突变及多态性检测,测序结果与UCSC Genome Browser on Human Dec.2013 Assembly进行在线比对及分析。结果:6例CUAVD合并无精子症患者中,1例第6号外显子中可检测到1个已知错义突变c.592G>C,2例患者第10号外显子前非编码区域发现c.1210-12T[5]剪切突变,且该2例患者合并第11号外显子上V470单倍体。结论:CUAVD合并无精子症患者CFTR全外显子基因突变有一定的检出率,有必要对这部分患者进行CFTR基因突变检测。

内含肽介导的氯离子通道蛋白CFTR的反式剪接

研究利用内含肽(intein)的蛋白质反式剪接功能在大肠杆菌中对囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator,CFTR)的反式剪接作用.CFTR基因突变导致一种常染色体隐性遗传疾病囊性纤维化(cystic fibrosis,CF).将CFTR的cDNA于剪接反应所需的保守性氨基酸残基Ser660前断裂为N端和C端,分别与split mini Ssp DnaB内含肽的106个氨基酸残基的N端和48个氨基酸残基的C端编码序列融合,构建到原核表达载体pBV220.诱导表达后SDS-PAGE可见预期大小剪接形成的CFTR蛋白条带,Western印迹用CFTR特异性抗体进一步证明为剪接所产生的CFTR蛋白,表明内含肽可有效催化CFTR的反式剪接.

黄芩苷通过NF-κB信号对气道上皮黏液调节因子MUC5AC和CFTR表达的影响

目的基于核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B,NF-κB)信号探讨黄芩苷调控气道上皮黏蛋白5AC(mucin 5AC,MUC5AC)和囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)的表达以改善病理性气道黏液的机制。方法采用MTT法检测不同浓度黄芩苷对H292细胞(人肺癌细胞)活性的影响并确定用于后续实验的黄芩苷浓度;将细胞分为空白对照组、模型组、NF-κB抑制剂组(PDTC组,100μmol/L)和黄芩苷组(200μg/mL)。采用IL-1β诱导H292细胞建立体外黏液高分泌炎症细胞模型,再以相应浓度的药物干预24 h后,采用ELISA方法检测各组细胞上清中MUC5AC、IL-8、TNF-α的含量,检测各组细胞中MUC5AC和CFTR蛋白的含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR检测各组细胞中MUC5AC和CFTR mRNA的表达;采用Western blot检测各组细胞中p65和IκB的表达。结果MTT检测结果显示,当黄芩苷浓度为200μg/mL时,细胞活性在80%以上,可作为后续实验的安全浓度。与空白对照组比较,模型组细胞培养上清及细胞质中MUC5AC分泌水平及IL-8、TNF-α、p65、MUC5AC mRNA表达均明显升高(P<0.05),IκB蛋白表达、CFTR蛋白含量、CFTR mRNA的表达显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,PDTC组细胞培养上清中MUC5AC分泌水平,IL-8、TNF-α、p65蛋白表达及MUC5AC mRNA表达显著降低(P<0.05),细胞质中MUC5AC水平、CFTR蛋白含量、IκB蛋白表达、CFTR mRNA的表达显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,黄芩苷组细胞培养上清中MUC5AC分泌水平、IL-8和TNF-α分泌水平、p65蛋白表达降低(P<0.01),CFTR蛋白含量、IκB蛋白表达、CFTR mRNA表达均显著增加(P<0.01),而MUC5AC mRNA表达差异无统计学意义。结论黄芩苷通过抑制NF-κB活性,减少MUC5AC的分泌,增加CFTR的表达,减轻气道炎症。

胃乐散对大鼠胃溃疡黏膜碳酸氢盐转运蛋白CFTR、SLC26A3及SLC26A6的作用

目的研究胃乐散对大鼠胃溃疡黏膜碳酸氢盐分泌的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法 SD大鼠48只,随机分为正常对照组,模型组,胃乐散低剂量组[0.075g/(mL·kg)]、中剂量组[0.150g/(mL·kg)]、高剂量组[0.300g/(mL·kg)]和雷尼替丁组[0.030g/(mL·kg)],每组8只。采用冰醋酸烧灼法制备大鼠胃溃疡模型,制模后第2天,各用药组开始给药,连续用药后第14天处死大鼠,取溃疡部位组织提取蛋白,用免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测组织Cl-/HCO-3离子交换体solute carrier26A3(SLC26A3)及solute carrier26A6(SLC26A6)的含量;将大鼠胃溃疡及周围组织切片,用免疫荧光法观察囊性纤维化跨膜转运调节因子(cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,CFTR)的变化。结果与模型组比较,用药后胃乐散高剂量组及雷尼替丁组大鼠胃黏膜中SLC26A3的表达增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);雷尼替丁组,胃乐散中、高剂量组大鼠胃黏膜中SLC26A6的表达均增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);胃乐散中、高剂量组大鼠胃溃疡黏膜的CFTR表达也明显增加,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论胃乐散能提高大鼠胃溃疡黏膜SLC26A3、SLC26A6和CFTR的表达,增加碳酸氢盐的分泌,保护胃黏膜。