Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation in treatment of gallbladder stones with common bile duct stones: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND The incidence of cholelithiasis has been on the rise in recent years,but the choice of procedure is controversial.AIM To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)combined with endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD)in patients with gallbladder stones(GS)with common bile duct stones(CBDS).METHODS The clinical data of 102 patients with GS combined with CBDS were selected for retrospective analysis and divided into either an LC+EPBD group(n=50)or an LC+endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)group(n=52)according to surgical methods.Surgery-related indexes,postoperative recovery,postoperative complications,and expression levels of inflammatory response indexes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS Total surgical time,stone free rate,rate of conversion to laparotomy,and successful stone extraction rate did not differ significantly between the LC+EPBD group and LC+EST group.Intraoperative hemorrhage,time to ambulation,and length of hospitalization in the LC+EPBD group were lower than those of the LC+EST group(P<0.05).The rate of total complications of the two groups was 9.80%and 17.65%,respectively,and the difference was not statistically significant.No serious complications occurred in either group.At 48 h postoperatively,the expression levels of interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,high-sensitivity Creactive protein,and procalcitonin were lower in the LC+EPBD group than in the LC+EST group(P<0.05).At 3 d postoperatively,the expression levels of aspartate transaminase,alanine transaminase,and total bilirubin were lower in the LC+EPBD group than in the LC+EST group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION LC combined with EPBD and LC combined with EST are both effective procedures for the treatment of GS with CBDS,in which LC combined with EPBD is beneficial to shorten the patient’s hospitalization time,reduce the magnitude of elevated inflammatory response indexes,and promote postoperative recovery.

Intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy for common bile duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

INTRODUCTION The advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)inthe late 1980s gained widespread acceptance withina short period of time and has become the preferredtreatment for symptomatic gallstones,but themanagement of coexisting gallbladder and commonbile duct(CBD)stones has remained controversialbecause the various strategies proposed have theirlimitations.In fact,choledocholithiasis

Selection criteria for preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography before laparoscopic cholecystectomy and endoscopic treatment of bile duct stones:Results of a retrospective,single center study between 1996-2002

AIM: The optimal treatment for bile duct stones (in terms of cost, complications and accuracy) is unclear. The aim of our study was to determine the predictive factors for preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).METHODS: Patients undergoing preoperative ERCP (≤90 d before laparoscopic cholecystectomy) were evaluated in this retrospective study from the 1^st of January 1996 to the 31^st of December 2002. The indications for ERCP were elevated serum bilirubin, elevated liver function tests (LFT), dilated bile duct (≥8 mm) and/or stone at US examination, coexisting acute pancreatitis and/or acute pancreatitis or jaundice in patient's history. Suspected prognostic factors and the combination of factors were compared to the result of ERCRRESULTS: Two hundred and six preoperative ERCPs were performed during the observed period. The rate of successful cannulation for ERC was (97.1%). Bile duct stones were detected in 81 patients (39.3%), and successfully removed in 79 (97.5%). The number of prognostic factors correlated with the presence of bile duct stones. The positive predictive value for one prognostic factor was 1.2%, for two 43%,for three 72.5%, for four or more 91.4%.CONCLUSION: Based on our data preoperative ERCP is highly recommended in patients with three or more positive factors (high risk patients). In contrast, ERCP is not indicated in patients with zero or one factor (low risk patients).Preoperative ERCP should be offered to patients with two positive factors (moderate risk patients), however the practice should also be based on the local conditions (e.g.skill of the endoscopist, other diagnostic tools).

Bile leakage after loop closure vs clip closure of the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy:A retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures.Cystic stump leakage is an underestimated,potentially life threatening complication that occurs in 1%-6%of the patients.With a secure cystic duct occlusion technique during LC,bile leakage becomes a preventable complication.AIM To investigate the effect of polydioxanone(PDS)loop closure of the cystic duct on bile leakage rate in LC patients.METHODS In this retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort,the effect of PDS loop closure of the cystic duct on bile leakage complication was compared to patients with conventional clip closure.Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a risk score to identify bile leakage risk.Leakage rate was assessed for categories of patients with increasing levels of bile leakage risk.RESULTS Of the 4359 patients who underwent LC,136(3%)underwent cystic duct closure by a PDS loop.Preoperatively,loop closure patients had significantly more complicated biliary disease compared to the clipped closure patients.In the loop closure cohort,zero(0%)bile leakage occurred compared to 59 of 4223(1.4%)clip closure patients.For patients at increased bile leakage risk(risk score≥1)rates were 1.6%and up to 13%(4/30)for clip closure patients with a risk score≥4.This risk increase paralleled a stepwise increase of actual bile leakage complication for clip closure patients,which was not observed for loop closure patients.CONCLUSION Cystic duct closure with a PDS loop during LC may reduce bile leakage in patients at increased risk for bile leakage.

Instrumental detection of cystic duct stones during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Residual cystic duct stones (CDSs) after cholecystectomy have been recognized as a cause of post cholecystectomy pain. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of CDSs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). A cohort of 330 consecutive patients (80 males and 250females) undergoing LC between November 2006 and May2010 was studied. Their age ranged between 16 and 88 years(median 50, IQR: 36.62). The data were prospectively collected of preoperative liver function tests, imaging, the presence of intraoperative CDSs, and common bile duct stones at on-table cholangiogram. CDSs were detected intraoperatively in 64 of the 330 patients (19%). Ultrasound failed to detect CDSs in any of these cases. Deranged liver function tests were noted in 73% of the patients with CDSs and in 57% without CDSs Common bile duct stones were detected in 9% (29) of the 330patients. CDSs occur commonly at routine cholecystectomy, and preoperative investigations are not helpful in their diagnosis As CDSs may lead to postoperative morbidity, they should be actively sought out during surgery if present.

Clinical observation of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or common bile duct lithotripsy

BACKGROUND The incidence of common bile duct(CBD) stones accounts for approximately 10%–15% of all CBD diseases.Approximately 8%–20% of these patients also have gallstones with heterogenous signs and symptoms.AIM To investigate the clinical effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and LC with CBD excision and stone extraction in one-stage suture(LBEPS) for the treatment of gallbladder and CBD stones.METHODS Ninety-four patients with gallbladder and CBD stones were selected from our hospital from January 2018 to June 2021.They were randomly divided into study and control groups with 47 patients each.The study group underwent LC with ERCP,and the control group underwent LC with LBEPS.Surgery,recovery time of gastrointestinal function,complication rates,liver function indexes,and stress response indexes were measured pre-and postoperatively in both the groups.RESULTS The durations of treatment and hospital stay were shorter in the study group than in the control group.There was no significant difference between the one-time stone removal rate between the study and control groups.The time to anal evacuation,resumption of oral feeding,time to bowel sound recovery,and time to defecation were shorter in the study group than in the control group.The preoperative serum direct bilirubin(DBIL),total bilirubin(TBIL),and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels were insignificantly higher in the study group than that in the control group.A day after surgery,the postoperative serum DBIL,TBIL,and ALT levels were lower than their preoperative levels in both groups,and of the two groups,the levels were lower in the study group.Although the preoperative serum adrenocorticotrophic(ACTH),cortisol(COR),epinephrine(A),and norepinephrine(NE) levels were higher in the study group than that in the control group,these differences were not significant(P > 0.05).The serum ACTH,COR,A,and NE levels in both groups decreased one day after surgery compared to the preoperative levels,but the inter-group difference was statistically insignificant.Similarly,(91.79 ±10.44) ng/mL,A,and NE levels were lower in the study group than in the control group.The incidence of complications was lower in the study group than in the control group.CONCLUSION LC combined with ERCP induces only a mild stress response;this procedure can decrease the risk of complications,improve liver function,and achieve and promote a faster recovery of gastrointestinal functions.

New classification of the anatomic variations of cystic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM： To investigate the anatomic variations in the cystic artery by laparoscopy, and to provide a new classification system for the guidance of laparoscopic surgeons.METHODS： Six hundred patients treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy from June 2005 to May 2006 were studied retrospectively, The laparoscope of 30° （Stryker, American） was applied, Anatomic structures of cystic artery and conditions of Calot＇s triangle under laparoscope were recorded respectively,RESULTS： Laparoscopy has revealed there are many anatomic variations of the cystic artery that occur frequently. Based on our experience with 600 laparoscopic cholecystectomies, we present a new classification of anatomic variations of the cystic artery, which can be divided into three groups： （1） Calot＇s triangle type, found in 513 patients （85.5%）; （2） outside Calot＇s triangle, found in 78 patients （13%）; （3） compound type, observed in 9 patients （1.5%）.CONCLUSION： Our classification of the anatomic variations of the cystic artery uncontrollable cystic artery extrahepatic bile duct injury. will be useful for decreasing hemorrhage, and avoiding extrahepatic bile duct injury.

Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy plus cholangioscopy for the treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis

BACKGROUND Currently,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)plus laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)is the main treatment for cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis.However,the treatment is unsatisfactory,and the development of better therapies is needed.AIM To determine the clinical efficacy of LC plus cholangioscopy for cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis.METHODS Patients(n=243)with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis admitted to The Affiliated Haixia Hospital of Huaqiao University(910th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force)between January 2019 and December 2023 were included in the study;111 patients(control group)underwent ERCP+LC and 132 patients(observation group)underwent LC+laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE).Surgical success rates,residual stone rates,complications(pancreatitis,hyperamylasemia,biliary tract infection,and bile leakage),surgical indicators[intraoperative blood loss(IBL)and operation time(OT)],recovery indices(postoperative exhaust/defecation time and hospital stay),and serum inflammatory markers[C-reactive protein(CRP)],tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)were compared.RESULTS No significant differences in surgical success rates and residual stone rates were detected between the observation and control groups.However,the complication rate,IBL,OT,postoperative exhaust/defecation time,and hospital stays were significantly reduced in the observation group compared with the control group.Furthermore,CRP,TNF-α,and IL-6 Levels after treatment were reduced in the observation group compared with the levels in the control group.CONCLUSION These results indicate that LC+LCBDE is safer than ERCP+LC for the treatment of cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis.The surgical risks and postoperative complications were lower in the observation group compared with the control group.Thus,patients may recover quickly with less inflammation after LCBDE.

Choledocholithiasis caused by anatomical variation of cystic duct: A case report

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)has gradually become the first choice for the treatment of cholecystolithiasis in recent years.Iatrogenic bile duct injury(IBDI)is an important clinical problem in LC.The anatomical variation of the cystic duct increases the probability of IBDI and the difficulty of operation.We present a case of a 44-year-old male with a anatomical variation of the cystic duct complicated with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis,who successfully underwent choledocholithotomy,choledochoscopic exploration and T-tube drainage surgery.The patient recovered well and was discharged home on postoperative day 10.The T-tube was removed at 1 month postoperatively after cholangiography examination of no choledocholithiasis left.

New Technique of Clipless Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: In laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), application of clips is the standard method for controlling the cystic duct and artery. However, this is not without problems. We propose a modified technique for management of cystic duct and artery in LC. Methods: Since 2007, 328 patients presented with symptomatic gallstones were included. In those patients, the cystic artery was divided by monopolar cautery and the cystic duct was ligated intracorporeally using nonabsorbable suture. Results: Three patients (0.9%) have bleeding from cauterized cystic artery;bleeding was controlled by diathermy in two of them and application of metal clip was necessary in the remaining patient. Cystic duct leak was detected in only one patient (0.3%), and it was managed by percutaneous drainage. At follow up we did not encounter abnormalities suggestive of bile duct stricture. Conclusion: The proposed modification of LC is feasible, practical, safe and economic as well. It is associated with reduced risk of postoperative morbidity.

Two-stage vs single-stage management for concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones

AIM:To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of twostage vs single-stage management for concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones.METHODS:Four databases,including PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Science Citation Index up to September 2011,were searched to identify all randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Data were extracted from the studies by two independent reviewers.The primary outcomes were stone clearance from the common bile duct,postoperative morbidity and mortality.The secondary outcomes were conversion to other procedures,number of procedures per patient,length of hospital stay,total operative time,hospitalization charges,patient acceptance and quality of life scores.RESULTS:Seven eligible RCTs [five trials(n = 621) comparing preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)/endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST) + laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) with LC + laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE);two trials(n = 166) comparing postoperative ERCP/EST + LC with LC + LCBDE],composed of 787 patients in total,were included in the final analysis.The metaanalysis detected no statistically significant difference between the two groups in stone clearance from the common bile duct [risk ratios(RR) =-0.10,95% confidence intervals(CI):-0.24 to 0.04,P = 0.17],postoperative morbidity(RR = 0.79,95% CI:0.58 to 1.10,P = 0.16),mortality(RR = 2.19,95% CI:0.33 to 14.67,P = 0.42),conversion to other procedures(RR = 1.21,95% CI:0.54 to 2.70,P = 0.39),length of hospital stay(MD = 0.99,95% CI:-1.59 to 3.57,P = 0.45),total operative time(MD = 12.14,95% CI:-1.83 to 26.10,P = 0.09).Two-stage(LC + ERCP/EST) management clearly required more procedures per patient than single-stage(LC + LCBDE) management.CONCLUSION:Single-stage management is equivalent to two-stage management but requires fewer procedures.However,patient's condition,operator's expertise and local resources should be taken into account in making treatment decisions.

Laparo-endoscopic “Rendezvous” to treat cholecysto-choledocolithiasis: Effective,safe and simplifies the endoscopist’s work

AIM: To investigate our clinical experience with combined laparo-endoscopic Rendezvous (RV) for the treatment of patients affected by gallstones and common bile duct (CBD) stones and especially to study the never evaluated opinion of the endoscopist concerning the difficulty of the intraoperative endoscopic procedure during the RV in comparison with standard endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). METHODS: Eighty consecutive patients affected by cholecystolithiasis and diagnosed or suspected CBD stones were treated with a standardized "tailored" RV. The relevant technical features, the feasibility, the effectiveness in stone clearance, the safety but also the simple evaluation of difficulty and agreement of the endoscopist were analyzed with a questionnaire. RESULTS: The feasibility was 97.5% and the effectiveness 100% concerning CBD clearance and solution of coexisting problems at the papilla. Minor morbidity was 3.3%, the operating time was prolonged by a mean of 14 min, the mean hospital stay was 3.8 d and only one stone’s recurrence occurred. The endoscopist evaluated the procedure to be simpler than standard ERCP-ES in 81.2% of the cases.CONCLUSION: Simultaneous RV carries higheffectiveness and safety at least comparable to those reported for other options. The endoscopist is very often satisfied with this approach because of the minimization of some steps of the endoscopic procedure and avoidance of relevant iatrogenic risk factors. If the mandatory collaboration between surgeons and endoscopists is guaranteed, this approach can often be preferable for the patient, the surgeon, the endoscopist and the hospital.

LC+LERV与LC+LCBDE治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果比较

目的通过对比分析腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+腹腔镜术中联合内镜(LERV)与LC+腹腔镜胆总管切开取石(LCBDE)对胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效,探讨两种手术方式的临床应用价值。方法前瞻性分析2021年12月至2023年5月江油市人民医院和潍坊市人民医院收治的110例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者的临床资料,按随机数字表法分为LC+LERV组(n=54)和LC+LCBDE组(n=56),对两组患者的手术成功率、术中出血量、手术时间、引流管留置时间、术后并发症、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、平均住院时间以及住院费用进行比较分析。结果与LC+LCBDE组相比,LC+LERV组手术成功率较低[47(87.04%)vs 56(100.00%),χ2=7.467,P=0.006],手术时间较长[(112.0±15.6)min vs(98.0±21.5)min,t=3.771,P<0.001],但引流管留置时间明显较短[(2.34±0.66)d vs(7.41±12.88)d,t=-2.693,P=0.008],两组比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在术中出血量、术后并发症发生率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组在术前、术后6 h、术后1 d及出院日VAS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但术后3 d LC+LCBDE组VAS评分高于LC+LERV组(P<0.05)。两组平均住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但LC+LERV组平均住院费用明显高于LC+LCBDE组[(25653.6±3317.0)元vs(17978.4±2158.0)元,t=14.219,P<0.001]。结论在治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石方面,LC+LCBDE和LC+LERV安全性上表现一致,LC+LERV术后舒适性更佳,但LC+LCBDE在治疗有效性、经济效率性方面更好,且LC+LCBDE可作为LC+LERV插管或取石失败后的补救术式。根据具体病情个性化选择手术方式,有利优势互补,获得最佳治疗效果。

腹腔镜胆囊切除术联合同期内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗高龄胆囊结石合并继发性胆总管结石患者的效果

目的对比腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)联合同期内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)、LC联合腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术(LCBDE)治疗高龄胆囊结石合并继发性胆总管结石(CBDS)患者的效果。方法选取南阳市第一人民医院2020年3月至2022年9月接收的122例高龄胆囊结石合并CBDS患者,随机分为ERCP+LC组、LCBDE+LC组,各61例。比较两组手术指标、手术前后炎症指标[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素(IL-6)]、肝功能指标[总胆红素(TBIL)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、淀粉酶(AMS)]、术后并发症状况。结果ERCP+LC组手术时长、住院时长、术后首次排气时间、首次下床时间短于LCBDE+LC组,术中总失血量少于LCBDE+LC组(P<0.05)。ERCP+LC组结石清除率(98.36%)高于LCBDE+LC组(86.89%)(P<0.05);术后1 d,ERCP+LC组血清CRP、IL-6水平低于LCBDE+LC组(P<0.05);术后1 d,ERCP+LC组血清TBIL、AMS、AST、ALT水平均低于LCBDE+LC组(P<0.05);ERCP+LC组术后并发症总发生率与LCBDE+LC组对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论LC联合同期ERCP治疗高龄胆囊结石合并CBDS患者具有较高的结石清除率,手术创伤较小,炎症反应较轻,可有效保护患者肝功能,促进高龄患者术后快速康复。

循证护理在胆总管结石患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术联合腹腔镜下胆囊切除术中的应用效果

目的:分析循证护理在胆总管结石患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)联合腹腔镜下胆囊切除术(LC)中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2022年1月于贵州航天医院行ERCP联合LC治疗的胆总管结石患者60例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各30例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施循证护理。比较两组护理效果。结果:观察组住院时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。护理前,两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表评分低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.023)。护理前,两组活动能力、心理状态、社会能力、生理职能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理后,两组活动能力、心理状态、社会能力、生理职能评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:循证护理在胆总管结石患者ERCP联合LC中的应用效果显著,可改善患者心理状态与生活质量,降低并发症发生率,促进患者康复。

胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的时机研究

目的探讨胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)的时机。方法回顾性分析该院2015年6月-2023年5月258例接受ERCP联合LC治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的患者的临床资料。按照ERCP与LC间期不同分为:A组(≤24 h)、B组(24~72 h)和C组(>72 h)。结果C组LC手术时间为58.0(46.0,73.0)min,明显长于A组的43.5(35.3,51.0)min和B组的43.0(35.0,51.0)min;C组腹腔引流管留置率为31.3%(21/67),明显高于A组的8.9%和B组的8.1%;B组行四孔法LC的3例(2.2%),明显少于A组的7例(12.5%)和C组的9例(13.4%),C组住院总时间长于A组和B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者术后并发症总发生率、再次ERCP率、LC术后住院时间和住院费用比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论ERCP术后24~72 h行LC是胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者安全、有效、易行和经济的治疗时机。

LC+ERCP治疗胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石的效果

目的探究腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,LC)+内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(Endo⁃scopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)用于胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石患者的效果。方法方便选取2022年6月—2023年6月酒泉市人民医院肝胆科收治的86例胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石患者为研究对象,按随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,各43例。对照组施以开腹胆囊切除联合胆总管探查取石,观察组施以LC联合ERCP。对比两组手术效果、术后情况、手术成功率和残石率、谷丙转氨酶(Glutamic-pyruvic Transaminase,ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate Aminotransferase,AST)水平。结果与对照组比较,观察组术中出血量较少,手术和住院时间较短,禁食、排气、腹腔引流时间较少,视觉模拟评分法评分较低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);观察组手术成功率(97.67%)较对照组(81.40%)高,残石率(2.33%)较对照组(18.60%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.467,P<0.05);术后24 h,观察组ALT、AST水平较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论LC+ERCP施以胆囊结石合并肝外胆管结石患者能提高手术效果,改善围术期情况,促康复,极大提升手术成功率,增强肝功能。

腹腔镜胆囊切除联合胆道镜经胆囊管探查取石术对胆囊合并胆总管结石患者手术相关指标及并发症的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)联合胆道镜经胆囊管探查取石术(LTCBDE)治疗胆囊合并胆总管结石患者的应用价值。方法选取2020年8月至2022年8月我院收治的96例胆囊合并胆总管结石患者为研究对象,基于随机数字表法规范化分为两组各48例,对照组实行开腹手术,观察组实行微创手术即LC+LTCBDE,观察对比两组手术相关指标、术后并发症发生率、炎症因子水平、肝功能指标。结果与对照组做对比,观察组术中出血量低,手术用时短,术后下床活动、肛门排气及住院时间均更短(P<0.05);与对照组做对比,观察组术后并发症发生率低(P<0.05);术后3d,两组CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、AMY水平均升高,其中观察组较对照组相对低(P<0.05);术后,两组AST、ALT、TBi L、ALP水平均升高,且术后3d观察组以上指标均较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论胆囊合并胆总管结石患者实施LC+LTCBDE治疗,相较于开腹胆囊切除胆总管探查术(OCBDE),患者损伤小,便于恢复,且并发症风险低,加快术后康复进程,其治疗安全性及有效性兼顾。

内镜鼻胆囊引流治疗胆总管结石合并急性化脓性胆囊炎

目的 评估内镜鼻胆囊引流(ENGD)治疗胆总管结石合并急性化脓性胆囊炎的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性纳入2023年1—12月大连医科大学附属第一医院及同济大学附属东方医院收治的46例胆总管结石合并急性化脓性胆囊炎患者,其中21例行内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石+ENGD治疗(ENGD组),另外25例行ERCP取石+经皮肝穿刺胆管引流(PTGD)(PTGD组),比较两组操作成功率、手术时间、并发症发生率、不良事件发生率、住院时间、治疗费用、患者满意度,以及二期腹腔镜胆囊切除(LC)手术时间、并发症发生率、腹腔引流管留置率及住院时间。结果 两组患者操作成功率均为100%。ENGD组和PTGD组在手术时间[(46.4±4.8)min vs (55.0±6.0)min]、治疗费用[(3.2±0.3)万元vs (3.5±0.3)万元]、患者满意度[5(5,5)分vs 4(4,5)分]方面的比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);ENGD组二期LC手术时间[(45.4±7.0)min vs (58.4±9.2)min]、并发症发生率[1(4.8%) vs 7(28.0%)]、腹腔引流管留置率[10(47.6%) vs 23(92.0%)]及住院时间[(3.6±0.7)d vs (4.7±0.6)d]均低于PTGD组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 ENGD治疗胆总管结石合并急性化脓性胆囊炎安全、有效,患者满意度高,并能降低LC风险。

老龄胆囊切除术后多发肝外胆管结石患者的内镜及腹腔镜微创治疗疗效分析

目的 比较逆行性胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)及腹腔镜胆总管探查(laparoscopic comom bile duct exploration,LCBDE)在老龄胆囊切除术后多发肝外胆管结石中的疗效和并发症发生情况。方法 回顾性分析2019年7月—至2022年10月上海市徐汇区中心医院普外科收治的老龄胆囊切除术后多发肝外胆管结石患者临床资料,根据手术方式分为LCBDE组和ERCP组,比较两组患者的手术相关指标及术后指标。结果 两组患者在性别、年龄、是否合并糖尿病无明显统计学差异,LCBDE治疗组结石最大直径[(13.78±2.52) mm vs(9.38±2.82) mm]及胆总管直径[(14.96±2.50) mm vs(10.86±2.75) mm]均明显大于ERCP治疗组;两组患者均无围手术期死亡,LCBDE治疗组中术后发生A级胆漏1例,2个月后行胆道镜检查结石残留2例,行胆道镜下取石治疗;ERCP治疗组发生高淀粉酶血症3例,B级胰腺炎1例;LCBDE治疗组手术时间[(123.74±26.14) min vs(24.86±5.55)] min、术后肛门通气时间[(62.60±15.71) h vs(24.72±6.46) h]、术后住院时间[(9.40±1.44) d vs(3.55±1.84]) d均明显长于ERCP治疗组;两组术前生化指标无明显统计学差异(P>0.05);LCBDE治疗组术后第1天WBC[(12.29±2.64)×10^(9)/L vs(10.11±2.91)×10^(9)/L]、术后第1天CRP[(51.96±14.70) mg/L vs(36.17±14.04)] mg/L、术后第3天CRP[(23.30±8.20) mg/L vs(15.10±5.85) mg/L]均明显高于ERCP治疗组,两组TBIL、DBIL、ALT无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 对于老龄胆囊切除术后多发肝外胆管结石的患者,采用LCBDE与ERCP治疗均是安全有效的,ERCP治疗组手术时间短,术后恢复良快,对小直径胆管结石是首选治疗方案。