缩小膜壳绦虫动物模型的建立及其似囊尾蚴的形态观察

目的：探究缩小膜壳绦虫的生长发育和形态演变过程。方法：在大鼠和赤拟谷盗间建立缩小膜壳绦虫生活史循环。用光镜和扫描电镜观察似囊尾蚴形态及体表超微结构。结果；光镜下发现似囊尾蚴的发育包括成熟期、有泡期和保护性外膜形成期三个阶段。扫描电镜下感染后２ｗｋ的成熟期体表有筛状微孔。感染３ｗｋ后，有泡状隆起，感染后４ｗｋ，体表外膜形成所覆盖，由泡状表膜逐渐形成表面光滑的囊壁。结论：本研究建立了缩小膜壳绦虫感染动物模型。首次报道似囊尾蚴的发育包括成熟期、有泡期和保护性外膜形成期。

Do male and female beetles (Tenebrio molitor) respond differently to rat feces containing eggs from the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta?

Males and females often differ in their susceptibility and exposure to infection. Thus, they may also differ in their ability to avoid infection. The beetle, Tenebrio molitor, risks infection with cysticercoids when ingesting rat feces containing eggs of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. Previous studies demonstrated that beetles sometimes prefer infective feces suggesting that the tapeworm influences the foraging behavior of beetles. After recording beetle movement in an arena containing infective and uninfective feces for one hour, sex main effects were not significant, but the effect of sex asked in trials was significant for males. Specifically, more male beetles occurred on the uninfective bait than on the infective bait. This observation suggests that male beetles avoid infective feces, which decreases their probability of infection with H. diminuta. If the cost of infection is higher in males, then selection to avoid infective feces may act more strongly on males.

新疆蚤类的寄生蠕虫

在新疆地区野外采集的蚤类中，发现叶状切唇蚤突高亚种（Ｃｏｐｔｏｐｓｙｌｌａｌａｍｅｌｌｉｆｅｒａｒｄｕａ）、宽新蚤（Ｎｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａｍａｎａ）、腹窦纤蚤深广亚种（Ｒｈａｄｉｎｏｐｓｙｌｌａｌｉｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｏｓａ）、似升额蚤指名亚种（Ｆｒｏｎｔｏｐｓｙｌｌａｅｌａｔｏｉｄｅｓｅｌａｔｏｉｄｅｓ）和方形黄鼠蚤七河亚种（Ｃｉｔｅｌｌｏｐｈｉｌｕｓｔｅｓｑｕｏｒｕｍｄｚｅｔｙｓｕｅｎｓｉｓ）体内有腊肠线虫科（Ａｌｌａｎｔｏｎｅｍａｔｉｄａｅ）线虫的寄生。该线虫的大量侵犯可造成寄主蚤的雄性阉割和雌性卵巢发育不全。在实验室饲养的蚤类中，猎栉首蚤指名亚种（Ｃｔｅｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｉｄｅｓｆｅｌｉｓｆｅｌｉｓ）、真凶中蚤精河亚种（Ｍｅｓｏｐｓｙｌｌａｅｕｃｔａｓｈｉｋｈｏ）、曲棘新蚤（Ｎｅｏｐｓｙｌｌａｔｅｒａｔｕｒａ）和秃病蚤指名亚种（Ｎｏｓｏｐｓｙｌｌｕｓｌａｅｖｉｃｅｐｓｌａｅｖｉｃｅｐｓ）可感染微小膜壳绦虫（Ｈｙｍｅｎｏｌｅｐｉｓｎａｎａ）的拟囊尾蚴而成为该绦虫的中间宿主，其中感染了绦虫的猎栉首蚤可对人群、尤其是儿童的健康造成威胁。