Cytokine expression of T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia

Objective To evaluate the function of T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Methods Interleukin 1β (IL 1β), interleukin 2 (IL 2), interleukin 3 (IL 3), interleukin 4 (IL 4), interleukin 6 (IL 6), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα), and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM CSF) gene expressions were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay in fluorescence active cell sorter (FACS) sorted peripheral blood CD2+/CD56 T cells from 12 CML patients, 10 meylodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and 7 normal individuals Results TNFα mRNA was transcribed in T cells from all of the CML, MDS and normal individuals IL 1β mRNA was transcribed in T cells from 10 CML, 9 MDS and 6 normal individuals Low levels of IL 2 and IL 4 mRNA were detected in 5 CML patients IL 3, IL 6 and GM CSF mRNA were undetectable in all samples Conclusion IL 4 and IL 2 were expressed abnormally in T cells of CML

Predominant expression of Th1-type cytokines in primary hepatic cancer and adjacent liver tissues

BACKGROUND: Research has revealed a shift towards Th2 in many types of malignant tumor, but the state of Th1/Th2 is not clear in patients with primary hepatic cancer (PHC). This study was designed to determine the expression of Th1- versus Th2-type cytokines in primary hepatic cancer and the adjacent liver tissue in order to provide evidence for treatment of the Th1/Th2 shift. METHODS: Samples were collected from 11 patients with PHC. The gene expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using IFN-gamma and IL-2 as Th1-type cytokine genes, and IL-4 and IL-10 as Th2-type cytokine genes. RESULTS: Th1-type cytokines were expressed in 7/11 PHCs and 9/11 adjacent liver tissues, while Th0 type cytokines occurred in 4/11 PHCs and 2/11 adjacent liver tissues. CONCLUSION: Th1-type cytokines are expressed predominantly in primary hepatic cancer and the adjacent liver tissue.

Selenium Supplementation Alleviates Autoimmune Thyroiditis by Regulating Expression of Th1/Th2 Cytokines

Selenium （Se） is an essential trace element. Autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD） are destructive inflammatory or anti-receptor autoimmune diseases characterized by reactivity to self-thyroid antigens. However, the effects of Se on the cytokines in AITD are still unclear. So we researched the role of Selenium （Se） and Thl/Th2 cytokine productions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases （AITD）.

Cytokines Expression in Lymphocytes From Rats With Allergic Asthma Induced by Pleurotus sapidus besidiospores

Allergic asthma caused by mushroom spores (Pleurotus sapidus besidiospores) is a common health problem among mushroom-cultivating workers in China. An animal model of allergic asthma through the challenge of Pleurotus sapidus besidiospores in primed rats was developed for investigating the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the disease. In the study a series of related cytokines and their receptors, including their activity and mRNA levels of spleen lymphocytes isolated from asthmatic rats, were measured. Determined by 3H-TdR incorporation assay and NAG microcolorimetric assay, Con A-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 activity in culture supernatants of spleen lymphocytes from 7-day challengedrats with allergic asthma increased significantly by 261% and 208%, respectively, as compared with those in the control. Cytokines and their receptor expression at mRNA levels were determined by RNA/cDNA hybridization, using (α-32P-dCTP radiolabeled cDNA probes for different cytokines and their receptors in vitro. The results showed that mRNA expression of IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-6, IL-2 and IL-2R, except IL-6R, in lymphocytes of 7-day-challenged asthma-suffering rats, increased significantly by 54%, 45%, 170%, 83% and 76%, respectively. In 2-day challenged-rats, mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-6 and IL-2 increased by 37%,58% and 125%, respectively, whereas mRNA leve1s of GM-CSF, IL-2R and IL-6R remained unchanged. Thus, the experimental results suggested a significant increase in TH2type cytokines in the pathogenesis of Pleurotus sapidus besidiospore-induced allergic asthma and IL-4 may play an essential role.

Effect of Atorvastatin on the Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats with Klebsiella Pneumonia

Objective:To explore the effect of atorvastatin on the expression of inflammatory cytokines in rats with Klebsiella pneumonia.Methods:90 healthy SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:atorvastatin group,model group and blank group(with 10 rats in each group),30 rats in each treatment period(3,6,9 d).A rat model of Klebsiella pneumonia was constructed,in which the blank group and the model group were given the same volume of saline,while the atorvastatin group was given 10 ml/kg of atorvastatin by intraperitoneal instillation.The rats were killed on the 10th day after administration,and the lung tissue was extracted to detect the pathological results and the expression of inflammatory cytokines was detected in serum.Results:Lung histopathology showed that lung histopathology and fibrosis were improved in atorvastatin group,and alveolar structure integrity≥50%and collagen fiber precipitation≤10%in atorvastatin group indicated that the model was successful.The expression of inflammatory cytokines showed that the levels of IL-6,TNF-αand TGF-βin the atorvastatin group and the model group were significantly increased compared with the blank group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The levels of IL-6,TNF-αand TGF-βin atorvastatin group were lower than those in model group,and the levels of IL-10 in atorvastatin group were higher than those in model group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After 9 days,the levels of IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-βand IL-10 in the atorvastatin group and the model group were higher than those in the blank group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The results of immunological function study showed that WBC,RBC and PLT in orvastatin group and model group were significantly reduced at 3 d compared with the blank group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After 6 and 9 d,WBC,RBC and PLT in atorvastatin group and model group were lower than those in blank group,and WBC,RBC and PLT in atorvastatin group were lower than those in model group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Atorvastatin can significantly improve the immune dysfunction and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in rats with Klebsiella pneumonia.

A Candid Assessment of the Link between Oral Candida Containing Biofilms and Oral Cancer

An association between Candida and oral cancer has long been discussed in the literature and in particular Candida albicans has been proposed to play a significant role in the development of oral cancer. Although this organism is a common member of the oral mucosa and can cause a variety of oral mucosal lesions, the exact mechanisms by which C. albicans potentially causes the development of malignant disease still require much research. We have undertaken an extensive literature search to understand pathogenicity of C. albicans, including its virulence factors, its interactions with the host immune, how a dysregulation of the immune response can result in malignancy, and how a potential C. albicans specific cytokine response may be involved in oral carcinogenesis. We present here a candid assessment of the role of Candida in oral carcinogenesis and a hypothetical model about how this may occur. Finally, we present potential future research which is necessary to elucidate this role.

Effects of methyl-,phenyl-,ethylmercury and mercurychlorid on immune cells of harbor seals(Phoca vitulina)

Mercury （Hg） is present in the marine environment as a natural metal often enhanced through human activities. Depending on its chemical form, Hg can cause a wide range of immunotoxic effects. In this study, the influence of methyl-, ethyl- and phenylmercury as well as mercurychloride on immune functions was evaluated. Two parameters of cellular immunity, proliferation and mRNA cytokine expression of interleukin-2, -4, and transforming growth factor β, were investigated in harbor seal lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to Hg compounds. While all Hg compounds had a suppressive effect on proliferation, differences between juvenile and adult seals were found. Lymphocytes from juveniles showed a higher susceptibility to the toxic effect compared to lymphocytes from adults. Furthermore, the degree of inhibition of proliferation varied among the four Hg compounds. The organic compounds seem to be more immunotoxic than the inorganic compound. Finally, for the cytokine expression of methylmercury-incubated lymphocytes, timedependent changes were observed, but no dose-dependency was found. Marine mammals of the North Sea are burdened with Hg, and lymphocytes of harbor seals may be functionally impaired by this metal. The present in vitro study provides baseline information for future studies on the immunotoxic effects of Hg on cellular immunity of harbor seals.

Preventive effects of the polysaccharide of Larimichthys crocea swim bladder on carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)-induced hepatic damage

The aim of the present study was to determine the preventive effects of the polysaccharide of Larimichthys crocea swim bladder(PLCSB) on CCl4-induced hepatic damage in ICR mice.The in vitro preventive effects of PLCSB on CCl4-induced liver cytotoxic effect were evaluated in BRL 3A rat liver cells using the MTT assay.The serum levels of AST,ALT,and LDH in mice were determined using commercially available kits.The levels of IL-6,IL-12,TNF-α,and IFN-γ were determined using ELISA kits.The pathological analysis of hepatic tissues was performed with H and E staining,and the gene and protein expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.PLCSB(20 μg·m L-1) could increase the growth of BRL 3A rat liver cells treated with CCl4.The serum levels of AST,ALT,and LDH were significantly decreased when the mice were treated with two doses of PLCSB,compared with the control mice(P < 0.05).PLCSB-treated groups also showed reduced levels of the serum pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6,IL-12,TNF-α,and IFN-γ.PLCSB could decrease the liver weight,compared to the CCl4-treated control mice.The histopathology sections of liver tissues in the 100 mg·kg-1 PLCSB group indicated that the animals were recovered well from CCl4 damage,but the 50 mg·kg-1 PLCSB group showed necrosis to a more serious extent.The 100 mg·kg-1 PLCSB group showed significantly decreased mR NA and protein expression levels of NF-κB,i NOS,and COX-2,and increased expression of IκB-α compared with the CCl4-treated control group.In conclusion,PLCSB prevented from CCl4-induced hepatic damage in vivo.