从Genomics,Proteomics到Cytomics,还是从Cytometry到Cytomics

Cytomics是一个特殊名词,她将cyto-与-omics连在一起,代表着一个崭新的领域。Cyto-主要来自分析细胞学(analyticalcytology或cytometry),而-omics主要来自蛋白质组学(proteomics)及其决定者基因组学(genomics)。经过三十余年的发展,分析细胞学可以通过分子探针将异质性的或混杂的细胞群体分为不同的细胞组份(cytomes),而基因组学和蛋白质组学的技术已能鉴定出某一物种的整套基因组和蛋白质组。因此,我们认为,细胞组学的任务是分离细胞组,并在基因组和蛋白质组层面确定其赖以存在和转变的分子基础。细胞组学的实施需要两大系列技术,一是细胞组分离技术,二是分离后再分析技术。这些技术的发展将使我们最终理解基因组并利用之,也必将拓展出更新的领域。

Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay for detection of cytomegalovirus in stool samples from patients with ulcerative colitis

AIM: To evaluate a multiplex PCR assay for the detection of bacterial and viral enteropathogens in stool samples from patients with ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 300 individuals, including immunocompetent patients, immunocompromised patients, and patients with UC. Stool samples were collected from the recto-sigmoid region of the colon by endoscopy. The samples were qualitatively analyzed for bacterial and viral enteropathogens with a multiplex PCR assay using a Seeplex&#174; Kit. Additional clinical and laboratory data were collected from the medical records. RESULTS: A multiplex PCR assay detected 397 pathogens(191 bacteria and 206 viruses) in 215 samples(71.7%). The most frequently detected bacteria were Escherichia coli H7, 85(28.3%); followed by Aeromonas spp., 43(14.3%); and Clostridium perfringens, 36(12.0%) samples. The most prevalent viruses were Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), 90(30.0%); followed by human herpes virus-6(HHV-6), 53(17.7%); and cytomegalovirus(CMV), 37(12.3%) samples. The prevalence rate of CMV infection was significantly higher in the immunocompromised group than in the immunocompetent group(P < 0.01). CMV infection was more common in patients with UC(26/71; 36.6%)than in the immunocompetent patients excluding UC(6/188; 3.2%)(P < 0.01). CMV infection was more prevalent in UC active patients(25/58; 43.1%) than in UC inactive patients(1/13; 7.7%)(P < 0.05). Among 4 groups which defined by the UC activity and immunosuppressive drugs, the prevalence rate of CMV infection was highest in the UC active patients with immunosuppressive drugs(19/34; 55.8%). EpsteinBarr virus(EBV) infection was more common in the immunocompromised patients excluding UC(18/41; 43.9%) than in the immunocompetent patients excluding UC(47/188; 25.0%)(P < 0.05). The simultaneous presence of CMV and EBV and/or HHV6 in UC active patients(14/58; 24.1%) was greater than in immunocompromised patients excluding UC(5/41; 12.2%)(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The multiplex PCR assay that was used to analyze the stool samples in this study may serve as a non-invasive approach that can be used to exclude the possibility of CMV infection in patients with active UC who are treated with immunosuppressive therapy.

Gene therapy for TH deficient mice through direct gene (PCI-hlL-2) transfer

Objective: The objective of research is to explorethe prospective for direct gene transfer to be applied as aform of gene therapy. Materials and methods: ①Experimental animals: Male BALB/c mice, 0 - 8 weeksold;②Preparations of plasmid: PCI-hIL-2 plasmid isexpression vector for human IL-2 containing cytome-galovirus immediate-early enhance/promoter region andT7 promoer;③Injection of plasmids: Male

Microfluidics:Emerging prospects for anti-cancer drug screening

Cancer constitutes a heterogenic cellular system with a high level of spatio-temporal complexity.Recent discoveries by systems biologists have provided emerging evidence that cellular responses to anti-cancer modalities are stochastic in nature.To uncover the intricacies of cell-to-cell variability and its relevance to cancer therapy,new analytical screening technologies are needed.The last decade has brought forth spectacular innovations in the field of cytometry and single cell cytomics,opening new avenues for systems oncology and high-throughput real-time drug screening routines.The up-and-coming microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip(LOC)technology and micrototal analysis systems(μTAS)are arguably the most promising platforms to address the inherent complexity of cellular systems with massive experimental parallelization and 4D analysis on a single cell level.The vast miniaturization of LOC systems and multiplexing enables innovative strategies to reduce drug screening expenditures while increasing throughput and content of information from a given sample.Small cell numbers and operational reagent volumes are sufficient for microfluidic analyzers and,as such,they enable next generation high-throughput and high-content screening of anticancer drugs on patient-derived specimens.Herein we highlight the selected advancements in this emerging field of bioengineering,and provide a snapshot of developments with relevance to anti-cancer drug screening routines.

Evaluation of Genetic Damage to Workers in a Nickel Smelting Industry

Objectives: Occupational exposure to nickel is affecting millions of employees around the world. Potential alterations in the genetic material of workers in the mining and processing of nickel, possibly resulting from exposure to nickel in the production process, were investigated. The study focused on assessing the percentage of induced micronuclei, as well as on changes in the various cell types of oral mucosa epithelium. Methods: The buccal micronucleus assay was employed to assess possible induced genetic alterations to production line workers in comparison to office employees of the same nickel mining and pyrometalurgic processing industry. Subjects were also compared with regard to their smoking habit. Results: Very low soluble nickel levels were measured in certain workplaces and only in one workplace insoluble nickel was above the acceptable level. Statistically significant micronuclei differences among smokers and non-smokers, in both study groups as well as in total, were observed (p less than 0.01). Production line workers appeared with statistically significant induced micronuclei compared to office employees. Non-smoker production line workers compared to non-smoker office employees revealed statistically significant induced micronuclei. Statistically significant cell lesions were detected between non-smokers and smokers among office employees and production line workers documenting Ni engagement in their induction. Conclusions: The observed frequencies of micronuclei and cell lesions in the oral mucosa of workers, in certain positions of the production line, in relation to their smoking habit document the synergistic effect of Ni and cigarette smoking as effectors in their induction.

Lymphatic system and lymphoma

970385 The changes of cell immune function in ap-tients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma by flow cytome-try analysis. LU Ming(吕鸣), et al. Clin ImmunolCenter, Changzheng Hosp, 2nd Milit Med Univ, Shang-hai, 200003. Shanghai Med J 1997; 20(2): 73-75.

流式细胞分析仪激光电源维修

0引言 在日常维修医疗仪器电源时,美国贝克曼公司的cytomics TM FC 500全自动流式细胞分析仪、美国BD Bio-sciences公司FACSCanto II流式细胞分析仪器里面的激光电源大多采用美国JDS Uniphase公司的激光电源驱动器。无论哪种电子设备,只要采用了开关电源供电,开关电源的故障率均最高,约占整机故障率的50%。

FLOW CYTOM ETRIC ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR DNA CONTENT IN EPITHELIAL OVARIAN TUMOR

The DNA content of tumor all was analyzed by flow cytometry on parafflnembedded specimens in 73 patients with epithelial ovarian tumor, and its clinical significance was evaluated. One of the 5 benign (20%), 2 of the 11 borderline (18.18%), and 30 of the 57 malignant (52. 63%) tumors were aneuplold. The occurrence rate of aneuploidy In malignant tumors was higher than In benign and borderline tumors ( P < 0. 05 ). Furthermore, aneuploidy was more frequently In the advanced stages (Ⅲ -Ⅳ ) (77. 7%) than in the early stages (Ⅰ - Ⅱ ) (9. 5%) (P<0. 005). The occurrence rate of DNA aneuploidy was higher in patients associated with ascites and the residual tumor≥.2 cm. Patients with aneuploid tumors had more of ten ascites (P<0. 005) and residual tumor size≥2cm (P< 0.005). There was no apparent correlation between the DNA ptoidy and the histologic grade, histologic type of the tumors. G0/G1 cell proportion of DNA diplold tumors in advanced carcinoma (64. 6%) was less than those of early stage carcinoma (75. 9% ) (P<0. 05). The survival rate of diplold tumor patients was higher than that of aneuploid tumor patients in the different time after operation, and the median survival time was 30. 2 months and 10. 3 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that cellular DNA ploidy was the most Important predictive factor (P = 0. 007) of prognosis, followed by residual tumor size (P= 0. 05). Different tumor specimen of the same patient can exhibit variation sometime (38. 9%).The results revealed that the DNA ploidy may reflect tumor biological characteristics, I. e. , Its proliferative ability. Analysis of cellular DNA content of epithelial ovarian tumors would help us to predict the prognosis of the patients better.

CpG methyltransferase induced down-regulation of claudin-7,-8 and its effects on proliferation and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells

Objective To explore the regulatory effect of CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI) on expression of claudin-7and claudin-8,promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of human colorectal cancer HT-29 cells.Methods HT-29 cells were treated with M.SssI (50 U/ml)

Disease Caused by Chemical and Physical Agents

2010280 Analysis of clinical classification and outcome of patients with acute paraquat poisoning. ZHANG Wei(张炜),et al. Dept Emerg,Nanjing General Hosp,Nanjing Milit Command, PLA, Nanjing 210002.Chin J Emerg Med 2010;19(4):357-360. Objective To study correlation between the clinical classification and outcome of acute paraquat poisoning. Method A total of

The role of polymorphonudear cells in lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a canine model of pulmonary thromboembolism

Objective To explore the effects of polymoronuclear cells (PMN) on lung ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury in a canine model of pulmonary thromboembolism. Methods Fifteen dogs were divided into three groups; a sham group (n=5), an ischemia group (n=5) and a reperfusion group (n=5). PMN in the whole blood were isolated with density gradient centrifugation. Apoptosis rate of the PMN was measured through flow cytome-

Thrombocyte and thrombocyte function

2009235 Inhibition of protein kinase A leads to cleavage of platelet GP I bα and downregulation of GP I b-dependent platelet aggregation.YAN Rong(阎荣),et al.Sch Biologic Sci & Med Engineer,Beijing Univ Aeronautics & Astronautics,Beijing 100191.Chin J Hematol,2009;30(3):171-174.

The phenotype and function of CD_4^+/CD_(25)^+ regulatory T cells in hepatitis B patients

Objective Our aim was to investigate the frequency, phenotype and function of CD4+ CD25high regulatory T cells (Treg) in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B (AHB,CHB). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 16 AHB patients at acute phase (week 1 of illness),72 CHB patients, and 32 health subjects were analyzed for Treg frequency and CD45 RO, CD45RA, CD95 and HLA-DR phenotype by flow cytome-