Cytomegalovirus infection in non-immunocompromised critically ill patients:A management perspective

Critically ill patients are a vulnerable group at high risk of developing secondary infections.High disease severity,prolonged intensive care unit(ICU)stay,sepsis,and multiple drugs with immunosuppressive activity make these patients prone to immuneparesis and increase the risk of various opportunistic infections,including cytomegalovirus(CMV).CMV seroconversion has been reported in up to 33%of ICU patients,but its impact on patient outcomes remains a matter of debate.Even though there are guidelines regarding the management of CMV infection in immunosuppressive patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immuno deficiency syndrome,the need for treatment and therapeutic approaches in immunocompetent critically ill patients is still ambiguous.Even the diagnosis of CMV infection may be challenging in such patients due to non-specific symptoms and multiorgan involvement.Hence,a better understanding of the symptomatology,diagnostics,and treatment options may aid intensive care physicians in ensuring accurate diagnoses and instituting therapeutic interventions.

1例异基因造血干细胞移植术后并发CMV和EBV共激活患儿的护理

异基因造血干细胞移植(allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,allo-HSCT)是指将健康人的造血干细胞移植至病人体内,目的是帮助其重建造血和免疫功能。越来越多的研究已经证实allo-HSCT是地中海贫血病人能够重新获得生命的主要治疗方法,目前在各大移植中心广泛开展。

CMV通过影响效应因子MpC002的表达干预桃蚜种群增长的机制

【目的】桃蚜是CMV的重要传毒媒介,效应因子MpC002在桃蚜取食寄主过程中发挥关键作用,CMV和MpC002均存在于蚜虫唾液中,但两者如何相互作用从而利于病毒传播知之甚少。为探讨CMV影响MpC002表达干预桃蚜种群增长的机制。【方法】利用绝对定量的qPCR法建立CMV拷贝数检测的标准曲线方程y=-3.1631x+39.763。【结果】桃蚜取食CMV感染辣椒10 s体内CMV含量最高,然后随着取食时间的延长CMV含量不断降低,其获毒过程符合非持久性传毒特征。取食CMV感染辣椒5 min-24 h的桃蚜MpC002表达量显著降低至取食前的37%-58%;取食CMV感染辣椒的3龄、4龄若蚜和1-4龄若蚜的平均发育历期分别为1.58 d、2.07 d和6.47 d,显著长于取食未处理辣椒的1.25 d、1.47 d和5.33 d,但1龄和2龄若蚜发育历期在CMV感染辣椒和未处理辣椒间无显著差异;平均产蚜期、总产蚜量和单日平均产蚜量分别为10.03 d、16.87头和1.67头,显著短于取食未处理辣椒桃蚜的14.27 d,39.73头和2.82头;净增殖率、内禀增长率、周限增长率分别为16.87、0.21、1.24,均显著低于取食未处理辣椒桃蚜的39.73、0.31、1.36,平均世代周期(13.02 d)和种群加倍时间(3.26 d)均显著长于取食未处理辣椒桃蚜的12.00 d和2.30 d。【结论】CMV能显著抑制桃蚜MpC002的表达,从而延长其发育历期和降低其繁殖,最终抑制其种群的增长。

DETECTION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS(CMV) IMMEDIATE EARLY ANTIGEN IN KIDNEY BIOPSIES AND TRANSPLANT NEPHRECTOMIES

Objective To investigate the relationship between CMV infection and renal allograft rejection. Methods 39 kidney biopsies and transplant nephrectomies were collected and investigated for CMV immediate early antigen by immunohistochemistry. Results In 14 out of 39 tissue specimens CMV immediate early antigen were found. 8 biopsies from normal donor kidneys were negative; only 1 (10%) in 10 tissue specimens with early stage acute rejection was positive; 5(55.6%) in 9 biopsies with late stage acute rejection and 8 (66.7%) in 12 tissue blocks with chronic rejection were positive. Compared with normal kidney tissues, the infections in tissues with early stage acute rejection didn't increase obviously, but increased obviously in kidney tissue specimens with late stage rejection and with chronic rejection (P< 0.05). Conclusion CMV infection appears to contribute to late stage acute rejection and chronic rejection after renal transplantation.

Destructive effects on endothelial cells of grafts in cytomegalovirus DNA-positive patients after keratoplasty

AIM:To investigate corneal graft survival rate and endothelial cell density(ECD)loss after keratoplasty in cytomegalovirus(CMV)positive patients.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study.We analyzed the clinical data of patients who underwent viral DNA detection in aqueous humor/corneal tissue collected during keratoplasty from March 2015 to December 2018 at the Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing,China.To further evaluate the effect of CMV on graft survival rate and ECD loss,patients were divided into three groups:1)CMV DNA positive(CMV+)group;2)viral DNA negative(virus-)group,comprising virus-group eyes pairwise matched to eyes in the CMV+group according to ocular comorbidities;3)control group,comprising virus-group eyes without ocular comorbidities.The follow-up indicators including graft survival rate,ECD,ECD loss,and central corneal thickness(CCT),were analyzed by Tukey honestly significant difference(HSD)test.RESULTS:Each group included 29 cases.The graft survival rate in CMV+group were lowest among the three groups(P=0.000).No significant difference in donor graft ECD was found among three groups(P=0.54).ECD in the CMV+group was lower than the virus-group at 12(P=0.009),and 24mo(P=0.002)after keratoplasties.Furthermore,ECD loss was higher in the CMV+group than in the virus-group in the middle stage(6-12mo)postkeratoplasty(P=0.017),and significantly higher in the early stage(0-6mo)in the virus-group than in the control group(P=0.000).CONCLUSION:CMV reduces the graft survival rate and exerts persistent detrimental effects on the ECD after keratoplasty.The graft ECD loss associate with CMV infection mainly occurrs in the middle stage(6-12mo postoperatively),while ocular comorbidities mainly affects ECD in the early stage(0-6mo postoperatively).

Coexisting cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent patient with Clostridioides difficile colitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Clostridioides difficile(C.difficile)colitis is one of the most common infections in hospitalized patients,characterized by fever and diarrhea.It usually improves after appropriate antibiotic treatment;if not,comorbidities should be considered.Cytomegalovirus(CMV)colitis is a possible co-existing diagnosis in patients with C.difficile infection with poor treatment response.However,compared with immunocompromised patients,CMV colitis in immunocompetent patients is not well studied.CASE SUMMARY We present an unusual case of co-existing CMV colitis in an immunocompetent patient with C.difficile infection.An 80-year-old female patient was referred to the infectious disease department due to diarrhea,abdominal discomfort,and fever for 1 wk during her hospitalization for surgery.C.difficile toxin B polymerase chain reaction on stool samples was positive.After C.difficile infection was diagnosed,oral vancomycin treatment was administered.Her symptoms including diarrhea,fever and abdominal discomfort improved for ten days.Unfortunately,the symptoms worsened again with bloody diarrhea and fever.Therefore,a sigmoidoscopy was performed for evaluation,showing a longitudinal ulcer on the sigmoid colon.Endoscopic biopsy confirmed CMV colitis,and the clinical symptoms improved after using ganciclovir.CONCLUSION Co-existing CMV colitis should be considered in patients with aggravated C.difficile infection on appropriate treatment,even in immunocompetent hosts.

Copy number variation sequencing for diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection based low-depth whole-genome sequencing technology in fetus:Three cases and literature review

Objective:To summarize the application value of copy number variant sequencing(CNV-seq)in the detection of fetal chromosome and cytomegalovirus load.Methods:The study analyzed the clinical basic data,relevant laboratory tests,treatment process,and outcomes of three patients with positive cytomegalovirus load detected by CNV-seq for fetal chromosomes and cytomegalovirus load,and literature review was done simutaneoubly.Results:In all three cases,the amniotic fluid cytomegalovirus load was less than 105 Copies/ml,and there were no significant neurological abnormalities observed during pregnancy or postpartum follow-up.There is no literature review on the application of CNV-seq technology in the detection of cytomegalovirus infection,only literature reports on genome analysis of CMV-DNA in confirmed patients were available.Conclusion:CNV-seq can be used to detect cytomegalovirus load,which may have a certain degree of predictive value for fetal outcome.CNV-seq can simultaneously detect fetal chromosomes and pathogenic microorganisms,which is of great significance for the prevention and control of birth defects.

Pulmonary cytomegalovirus infection:A case report and systematic review

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus(CMV)is a common virus that can cause the first infection in childhood or adolescence and reactivate later in life due to immunosuppression.CMV pneumonia is a rare illness in immunocompetent patients but is one of the most significant opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients.AIM To report a case and review published cases of pulmonary CMV infection in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.METHODS We conducted a systematic search on the MEDLINE(PubMed)database,without date or language restrictions,to identify relevant studies using Medical Subject Headings and Health Science Descriptors.We manually searched the reference lists of the included studies.Simple descriptive analysis was used to summarize the results.RESULTS Our search identified 445 references,and after screening,43 studies reporting 45 cases were included in the final analysis,with 29(64%)patients being immunocompromised and 16(36%)being immunocompetent.Fever(82%)and dyspnea(75%)were the most common clinical findings.Thoracic computed tomography showed bilateral ground-glass opacities,a relevant differential diagnosis for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.The majority of patients(85%)received antiviral therapy,and 89%of patients recovered,while 9%of patients died.CONCLUSION CMV pneumonia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia,especially in immunocompromised patients.Clinicians should be aware of the clinical presentation,management,and outcomes of CMV pneumonia to guide appropriate treatment decisions.

Mycobacterium avium Paratuberculosis (MAP) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Are Frequently Detected in the Saliva of Patients Recently Diagnosed with Crohn Disease (CD) Whereas Oral Propionibacterium Acnes (PA) or Methylacetate (MA) in Their Breath Is Rare

We investigated the presence of MAP, CMV, or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the saliva of patients presenting with periodontal disease, gingivitis or oral aphthosis. We also measured methylacetate in their breath and looked for the presence of PA on their tongue. All patients were prospectively enrolled into a two-year cohort study. We compared the group presenting with CD versus the group without CD. 167 patients were enrolled. 24 patients presented with CD. CMV and MAP were found concomitantly in 67% of CD patients (17 patients) whereas only 1 patient (<0.1%;p < 0.001) has these infectious agents in the comparative group. PA was rare in CD (25% versus 70.6%;p < 0.001). MA was low, especially with an empty stomach (0.59 ppm +/? 1.45 versus 5.14 ppm +/? 8.97;p < 0.001). It was concluded that the association MAP + CMV was frequently found in oral lesions of CD at an early stage. Detection of PA, MAP and CMV, as well as breath test could be easily performed and may participate to the early diagnosis of CD.

Human Herpes Virus Type 2 ( HSV2 ), Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the Male Genital Tract and Fertilization

The possibility of infection of the human male genital tract by human herpes virus type 2 (HSV2) or human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is well established and their sexual transmission has been the object of many studies. Moreover, medically assisted procreation, which helps in numerous fertility problems, raises the question of new viral risks linked to the application of these new technologies. In this review, we shall consider current knowledge in terms of the presence of HSV 2 and HCMV in the different parts of the genital tract of immunocompetent or immunodepressed men. We shall also consider the possibility of viral transmission by the sexual act or by the various techniques used in medically assisted procreation. We shall describe studies in human beings and in animals.

巨细胞病毒活动性感染患儿NK细胞及GGT水平与HCMV DNA的相关性

目的探讨巨细胞病毒(HCMV)活动性感染患儿自然杀伤(NK)细胞及γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)水平与HCMV DNA的相关性。方法选取2021年6月—2022年6月濉溪县医院收治的150例HCMV活动性感染患儿纳入研究对象,根据HCMV DNA水平将患儿分为低载量组(n=52)、中载量组(n=64)、高载量组(n=34),另外选取我院同期50名健康婴儿作为对照组。比较4组的肝功能指标[天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、GGT]及NK细胞水平,分析肝功能指标及NK细胞与HCMV DNA的相关性。结果4组AST、ALT、ALP、TBA比较无明显差异(P>0.05),4组GGT分别为(10.28±2.69)U/L、(15.64±3.13)U/L、(18.56±3.22)U/L、(23.77±4.17)U/L,4组NK细胞分别为(4.87±1.04)%、(6.14±1.15)%、(13.55±2.33)%、(19.84±3.27)%,GGT、NK随HCMV DNA载量升高而上升(P<0.05);经相关性分析,AST、ALT、ALP、TBA与HCMV DNA无明显相关性(P>0.05),NK细胞、GGT与HCMV DNA呈现正相关(P<0.05)。结论NK细胞及GGT水平与HCMV DNA具有相关性,检测HCMV DNA有助于HCMV活动性感染的诊断,但无法评估病情严重程度。

儿童EBV和CMV不同模式感染相关单核细胞增多症的临床和实验室检查特征分析

目的探讨儿童感染EB病毒(EBV)或(和)巨细胞病毒(CMV)后所致的传染性单核细胞增多症(IM)的临床特征和实验室指标的差异。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月入本院治疗的109例IM患儿资料,根据感染病原体的不同分为EBV感染组(38例)、CMV感染组(25例)、混合感染组(46例)。分析不同感染组IM患儿的一般特点、临床表现和实验室检查结果。结果共计收集109例IM患儿,男61例,女48例,男女比例为1.27∶1,平均年龄为(4.66±2.68)岁,2~6岁儿童发病较多,约占73.4%。IM患儿一年四季均有患病,其中冬春季患病人数相对较多,占总人数的58.7%。患儿临床表现多样,其中以发热(86.2%)、淋巴结肿大(78.0%)、咽峡炎(75.2%)、肝脏肿大(48.6%)、咳嗽(47.7%)最常见。其中CMV感染组淋巴结肿大、咽峡炎的发生率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。混合感染组WBC计数、LY%、AL%异常率高于其他两组,LDH、ALT、AST结果异常的发生率在混合感染组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论IM儿童CMV和EBV混合感染较为常见,其临床表现更像EBV感染,而实验室检查结果则比单一感染EBV、CMV更为严重,需更加重视。

异基因造血干细胞移植后CMV和EBV共激活患者的临床研究

目的:探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后巨细胞病毒(CMV)和EB病毒(EBV)共激活患者的临床特点、危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法:收集2015年1月至2020年12月接受allo-HSCT的222例患者临床资料,根据是否发生CMV、EBV感染进行分组,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Cox比例风险回归模型分析CMV、EBV共激活的危险因素。结果:allo-HSCT后发生CMV和EBV共激活患者(CMV^(+)+EBV^(+)组,即CMV及EBV合并感染)30例,CMV血症患者(CMV^(+)组)101例,EBV血症患者(EBV^(+)组)149例,CMV、EBV未激活患者(CMV-+EBV-组)28例。与其他组相比,CMV^(+)+EBV^(+)组中急性移植物抗宿主病、出血性膀胱炎发生率更高(53.3%vs 42.6%、36.9%、17.9%,P<0.001;36.7%vs 32.7%、22.8%、10.7%,P=0.042)。CMV^(+)+EBV^(+)组与CMV^(+)组、EBV^(+)组移植后淋巴细胞增殖性疾病患者的发生率类似(3.3%vs 3.0%、3.4%,P=0.811)。单因素及多因素分析结果显示,移植后CMV^(+)持续时间、EBV^(+)持续时间是CMV和EBV共激活患者的独立危险因素。与其他组相比,CMV^(+)+EBV^(+)组患者2年总生存率、2年无病生存率较低(46.7%vs 74.9%、83.4%、71.4%,P<0.001;46.7%vs 70.9%、79.5%、69.9%,P=0.002),2年非复发死亡率较高(48.2%vs 22%、13.6%、18.7%,P<0.001)。结论:移植后CMV^(+)持续时间、EBV^(+)持续时间是CMV和EBV共激活患者的独立危险因素。CMV和EBV共激活患者的总生存率、无病生存率更低,非复发死亡率更高,临床预后更差。

HIV/AIDS患者并发EBV和HCMV感染临床免疫学特征及影响因素分析

目的调查人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征(human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome,HIV/AIDS)患者感染EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)和人类巨细胞病毒(human Cytomegalovirus,HCMV)的情况,检测相关临床免疫学指标,分析其影响因素。方法选取2022年1~12月在长沙市第一医院住院并接受EBV和HCMV筛查的1093例HIV/AIDS患者。流式细胞术检测CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数量;荧光定量PCR检测HIVRNA载量、EBV-DNA载量和HCMV-DNA载量。采用SPSS 27.0统计学软件进行统计分析,并通过Logistic回归分析HIV/AIDS患者并发病毒感染的危险因素。结果1093例HIV/AIDS患者中,EBV-DNA阳性率为48.22%(527/1093),HCMV-DNA阳性率为19.03%(208/1093)。随着CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数量增加,EBV-DNA和HCMV-DNA的阳性率下降(χ^(2)=39.50,143.0,均P<0.001);随着HIV-RNA载量增加,EBV-DNA和HCMV-DNA的阳性率增加,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=46.18,124.3,均P<0.001)。另外,患者接受抗逆转录病毒治疗(antiretroviral therapy,ART)也可明显降低EBV-DNA和HCMV-DNA的阳性率,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=30.60,96.59,均P<0.001)。CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数量和HIV-RNA载量有显著的负相关关系(r=-0.49,P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数量<200个/μl(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.02~2.08,P=0.037),HIV-RNA载量>200 copies/ml(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.18~2.44,P=0.004),年龄>30岁(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.44~3.19,P<0.001)是HIV/AIDS患者并发EB病毒感染的危险因素;未持续接受ART(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.10~3.02,P=0.019),HIV-RNA载量>200 copies/ml(OR=2.56,95%CI:1.50~4.35,P<0.001),CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数量<200个/μl(OR=4.61,95%CI:2.57~8.28,P<0.001)是HIV/AIDS患者并发HCMV感染的危险因素。结论在艾滋病的治疗与管理中,当CD4^(+)T淋巴细胞数量下降(<200个/μl),HIV-RNA载量升高(>200 copies/ml)或者年龄>30岁时,应加强对病毒的监测和ART,减少HIV/AIDS患者机会性感染的可能。

NLR、PLR、LMR、MPR及CMV-IgM联合检测在诊断婴幼儿巨细胞病毒感染中的临床意义

目的:探讨中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比值(LMR)、平均血小板体积与血小板计数比值(MRP)及巨细胞病毒特异抗体(CMV-IgM)联合检测在诊断婴幼儿巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染中的临床价值。方法:选取150例我院2020年1月-2022年12月收治的CMV感染婴幼儿作为观察组,另选取同期健康婴幼儿60例作为对照组。所有婴幼儿均采血做血常规检测,获得NLR、PLR、LMR、MPR,并检测血清CMV-IgM。比较两组NLR、PLR、LMR、MPR及CMV-IgM水平差异;绘制ROC曲线,分析NLR、PLR、LMR、MPR及CMV-IgM联合检测识别婴幼儿CMV感染的临床价值。结果:观察组血清NLR、PLR、LMR水平为(0.29±0.05)、(45.41±4.12)、(7.85±1.24),低于对照组的(0.55±0.11)、(69.87±6.12)、(5.14±1.02),MPR及CMV-IgM水平为(0.41±0.12)、(23.65±2.42)AU/mL,高于对照组的(0.22±0.05)、(10.22±1.23)AU/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);绘制ROC曲线显示,血清NLR、PLR、LMR、MPR、CMV-IgM及联合检测诊断婴幼儿CMV感染的曲线下面积分别为:0.802、0.763、0.786、0.799、0.850、0.950。结论:NLR、PLR、LMR、MPR及CMV-IgM联合检测在婴幼儿CMV诊断中价值高,可提高诊断灵敏度、特异度,可减少漏诊、误诊风险,便于早期开展治疗工作,保障患儿健康成长。

CMV联合HPV与Reid阴道镜评分指数对高级别宫颈鳞状上皮内病变进展为宫颈癌联合诊断预评估价值分析

目的:探讨巨细胞病毒(CMV)联合人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)与Reid阴道镜评分指数对预测高级别宫颈鳞状上皮内病变(HSIL)进展为宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月至2022年1月沂源县人民医院妇产科收治的83例HSIL者的临床资料,进行CMV测定、HPV测定、Reid阴道镜评分以及病理检测,以病理结果作为预测HSIL进展成宫颈癌的金标准,评价单一的测定项目与联合测定的应用价值。结果:进行1年随访,随访结果同病理预测的结果一致,主要是证实31例(37.35%)HSIL进展为宫颈癌,采取CMV联合HPV与Reid阴道镜评分指数对于预测HSIL进展宫颈癌,在同金标准方式一致率均是高于单项的判定方式,此外联合方式的敏感度、准确度及阴性预测值分别为96.77%、98.80%、98.11%,均是高于单项检测方式(P<0.05)。结论:应用CMV联合HPV与Reid阴道镜评分指数用于预测HSIL进展为宫颈癌的价值突出,对预防宫颈癌及早期干预有重要帮助。

CMV致感音神经性耳聋患儿氧化应激指标、Cx43变化及意义

目的探讨巨细胞病毒(CMV)致感音神经性耳聋患儿氧化应激指标、缝隙连接蛋白(Cx)43变化及意义。方法选择2020年6月—2022年6月诊治的CMV感染新生儿102例作为感染组,足月新生儿56例作为对照组。比较2组一般资料、血生化指标、氧化应激指标和Cx43,以及不同听阈CMV感染患儿氧化应激指标和Cx43,探讨CMV感染新生儿Cx43与氧化应激指标、听阈损伤程度相关性。结果感染组总胆红素、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和丙二醛(MDA)均高于对照组,过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和Cx43低于对照组(P<0.01)。CMV感染新生儿脑干听觉诱发电位异常以Ⅲ波和Ⅴ波潜伏期延长为主。CMV感染新生儿随着听阈损伤程度逐渐加重,SOD和Cx43逐渐降低,MDA逐渐升高(P<0.05)。CMV感染新生儿Cx43与SOD呈正相关,与MDA和听阈损伤程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论CMV致感音神经性耳聋患儿听阈损伤与SOD、MDA和Cx43相关。

CMV和EBV共感染可影响造血干细胞移植患者预后

目的探讨巨细胞病毒(CMV)和EB病毒(EBV)共感染与造血干细胞移植(HSCT)患者预后的相关性。方法选取2018年1月—2019年1月北京大学人民医院血液科327例接受HSCT的患者,其中CMV和EBV共感染75例(共感染组),CMV或EBV感染165例(单一感染组),CMV和EBV均未感染87例(无感染组)。收集HSCT患者的临床基本资料和移植后CMV、EBV感染情况。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线和Cox比例回归分析CMV和EBV共感染是否是HSCT患者预后的危险因素。结果327例患者中,有226例(69.1%)年龄≤40岁。共感染组≤40岁患者所占比例高于>40岁患者(P<0.05)。人白细胞抗原(HLA)匹配方面,共同感染组半相合所占比例高于单一感染组和无感染组(P<0.05)。共感染组、单一感染组、无感染组患者1年总体生存率(OS)分别为86.7%、85.4%、95.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果示,CMV和EBV共感染是HSCT术后患者1年OS的危险因素(P<0.05)。Cox比例回归分析结果显示,CMV和EBV共感染、单一感染均是HSCT术后患者1年OS的危险因素[风险比(HR)值分别为12.553、13.108,95%可信区间(CI)分别为1.456~108.230、1.683~102.062,P值分别为0.021、0.014]。结论CMV感染(无论是否伴有EBV感染)可降低HSCT患者术后1年OS。

Specific endoscopic features of ulcerative colitis complicated by cytomegalovirus infection

AIM:To identify specific colonoscopic findings in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) complicated by cyto-megalovirus (CMV) infection.METHODS: Among UC patients who were hospitalized due to exacerbation of symptoms, colonoscopic findings were compared between 15 CMV-positive patients and 58 CMV-negative patients. CMV infection was determined by blood test for CMV antigenemia. Five aspects of mucosal changes were analyzed (loss of vascular pattern, erythema, mucosal edema, easy bleeding, and mucinous exudates) as well as five aspects of ulcerative change (wide mucosal defect, punched-out ulceration, longitudinal ulceration, irregular ulceration, and cobble-stone-like appearance). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of each finding for CMV positivity were determined.RESULTS: The sensitivity of irregular ulceration for positive CMV was 100%. The specificity of wide mucosal defect was 95%. Punched-out ulceration and lon-gitudinal ulceration exhibited relatively high sensitivity and specificity (more than 70% for each).CONCLUSION:Specific colonoscopic findings in patients with UC complicated by CMV infection were identified. These findings may facilitate the early diagnosis of CMV infection in UC patients.

Comparative analysis of cytomegalovirus retinitis and microvascular retinopathy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIM：To compare the clinical manifestation of cytomegalovirus（CMV）retinitis and microvascular retinopathy（MVR）in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome（AIDS）in China.METHODS：A total of 93 consecutive patients with AIDS,including 41 cases of CMV retinitis and 52 cases of MVR were retrospectively reviewed.Highly active antiretroviral therapy（HAART）status was recorded.HIV and CMV immunoassay were also tested.CD4＋T-lymphocyte count and blood CMV-DNA test were performed in all patients.Aqueous humor CMV-DNA test was completed in 39patients.Ophthalmological examinations including best corrected visual acuity（BCVA,by International Standard Vision Chart）,intraocular pressure（IOP）,slit-lamp biomicroscopy,indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed.RESULTS：In MVR group,the anterior segment examination was normal in all patients with a mean BCVA of 0.93±0.13.Blood CMV-DNA was 0（0,269 000）and 42 patients（80.77%）did not receive HAART.In CMV retinitis group,13 patients（31.71%）had anterior segment abnormality.The mean BCVA was 0.64±0.35 and blood CMV-DNA was 3470（0,1 450 000）.Nineteen patients（46.34%）had not received HAART.MVR group and CMV retinitis group the positive rates of aqueous CMV-DNA were 0 and 50%,respectively.Two patients with MVR progressed to CMV retinitis during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION：In comparison of CMV,patients with MVR have relatively mild visual function impairment.Careful ophthalmological examination and close follow-up are mandatory,especially for patients who have systemic complications,positive CMV-DNA test and without received HAART.