Objective: Previous studies have investigated the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma, but their results were inconsistent. ...Objective: Previous studies have investigated the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma, but their results were inconsistent. We aimed to clarify the associations between CTLA-4, TNF-a polymorphism and osteosarcoma risk by using meta-analysis. Methods: We searched relevant studies without language restriction in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and conference literature in humans published prior to March 2013. The strengths of the associations between genetic variants and osteosarcoma risk were estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: A total of seven studies with 1,198 osteosarcoma patients and 1,493 controls were selected. Four studies were eligible for CTLA-4 (1,003 osteosarcoma and 1,162 controls), and three studies for TNF-a (195 osteosarcoma and 331 controls). Pooled results showed that rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 was associated with osteosarcoma risk (GG vs. AA: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.24-2.13; GG + GA vs. AA: OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.21-2.01; AA + GA vs. GG: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.71-0.97; G vs. A: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.08-1.36). No significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies. No significant associations were found between rs5742909 polymorphism of CTLA-4 or rs1800629 polymorphism of TNF-a and osteosarcoma risk. Conclusions: These results suggest that the rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 may play an important role in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma.展开更多
Aim:The aim was to evaluate the potential infl uences of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk,the distribution of CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms(1661AG)in breast can...Aim:The aim was to evaluate the potential infl uences of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk,the distribution of CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms(1661AG)in breast cancer patients and control subjects was investigated.Methods:In this case-control study,100 patients with breast cancer as case group and 100 healthy participants as a control group were compared.Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Demographic characteristics of the study population,as well as tumor size,tumor grade and stage were collected in a questionnaire designed for this study.The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS-16.0(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,USA)predictive analytic software using the Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of women was 43.42±13.1 years.The AA genotype was frequent in case group(43%)whereas the AG genotype was found more in the control group(69%).There was no signifi cant relationship between the studied polymorphisms and the grade,stage and size of the tumor,nor between the studied polymorphisms and estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and lymph node involvement(P>0.05).Signifi cant association between the studied polymorphisms and breast cancer metastases was found(P=0.02).Conclusion:According to the results of the study,the AA genotype is associated with breast cancer,but none of the studied gene polymorphisms is associated with prognostic factors such as tumor stage,grade or size.展开更多
Targeted therapies that deliver the expected anti-tumor effects while mitigating the adverse effects are taking the cancer world by storm. The need for such therapies in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), where system...Targeted therapies that deliver the expected anti-tumor effects while mitigating the adverse effects are taking the cancer world by storm. The need for such therapies in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), where systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies still remain the backbone of management, is felt more than ever before. Runway success of immunotherapies such as Ipilimumab for melanoma has brought excitement among oncologists. Immune-based treatments are in various stages of evaluation for NSCLC as well. Immunotherapies using strategies of antigen based or cell based vaccines, and blocking immune checkpoints are of substantial interest. Meaningful clinical responses are yet to be reaped from these new treatment modalities.展开更多
Administration of ipilimumab,a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4-blocking monoclonal antibody,leads to enhancement of the anti-tumor T-cell respons and as a result shows a significant survival benefit in met...Administration of ipilimumab,a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4-blocking monoclonal antibody,leads to enhancement of the anti-tumor T-cell respons and as a result shows a significant survival benefit in metastatic melanoma patients.Therefore patients are currently receiving this promising therapy as a secondline strategy.Unfortunately,by activation of the T-cell immune reponse,ipilimumab therapy may lead to an unwanted induction of different autoimmune phenomena.Diarrhoea and colitis occur in up to one third of patients.Here we present a case of ipilimumab induced ileocolitis which was successfully treated with infliximab,an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody,after corticosteroid therapy failure.Although formal trials are lacking,recently publicated series suggest that infusional therapy of infliximab is effective in ipilimumab induced ileocolitis.展开更多
The field of tumor immunology has produced in the recent years a revolution in cancer therapeutics putting an end in the long lasting frustration of investigators in the area stemming from largely unsuccessful strides...The field of tumor immunology has produced in the recent years a revolution in cancer therapeutics putting an end in the long lasting frustration of investigators in the area stemming from largely unsuccessful strides to develop cancer vaccines. This progress has come from the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies blocking ligand/receptor pairs with inhibitory effects for immune cells. Through this blockade immune checkpoint blockers are able to ac-tivate the immune system and create an anti-tumoral effect. A significant sub-set of patients with various types of cancers such as melanoma, lung carcinomas and urothelial cancers benefit from treatment with these drugs and survivals have improved in some ca-ses. However other cancers are primarily resistant to immune blockers and secondary resistance is also the norm. Radiation therapy is often used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced cancers and, in addition to the local effect in the irradiated field, it may in rare cases produce a systemic antitumor effect, termed "abscopal". This effect has been suggested to be produced by immune mechanisms. Thus an opportunity presents for a synergistic effect of immune stimulation between radiation and immune blockade inhibitors. The therapeutic opportunities presented with the combination of radiation and these drugs for gastrointestinal cancers will be discussed in this editorial overview.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(No.81260315)Foundation of the Education Department of Guangxi Province,China(No.201010LX375)the Foundation of the Nature Science Fund,Guangxi Province,China(No.2012GXNSFBA053121)
文摘Objective: Previous studies have investigated the role of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma, but their results were inconsistent. We aimed to clarify the associations between CTLA-4, TNF-a polymorphism and osteosarcoma risk by using meta-analysis. Methods: We searched relevant studies without language restriction in PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and conference literature in humans published prior to March 2013. The strengths of the associations between genetic variants and osteosarcoma risk were estimated by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: A total of seven studies with 1,198 osteosarcoma patients and 1,493 controls were selected. Four studies were eligible for CTLA-4 (1,003 osteosarcoma and 1,162 controls), and three studies for TNF-a (195 osteosarcoma and 331 controls). Pooled results showed that rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 was associated with osteosarcoma risk (GG vs. AA: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.24-2.13; GG + GA vs. AA: OR=1.56, 95% CI=1.21-2.01; AA + GA vs. GG: OR=0.83, 95% CI=0.71-0.97; G vs. A: OR=1.21, 95% CI=1.08-1.36). No significant heterogeneity was observed across the studies. No significant associations were found between rs5742909 polymorphism of CTLA-4 or rs1800629 polymorphism of TNF-a and osteosarcoma risk. Conclusions: These results suggest that the rs231775 polymorphism of CTLA-4 may play an important role in carcinogenesis of osteosarcoma.
文摘Aim:The aim was to evaluate the potential infl uences of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4)gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk,the distribution of CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms(1661AG)in breast cancer patients and control subjects was investigated.Methods:In this case-control study,100 patients with breast cancer as case group and 100 healthy participants as a control group were compared.Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.Demographic characteristics of the study population,as well as tumor size,tumor grade and stage were collected in a questionnaire designed for this study.The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS-16.0(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,USA)predictive analytic software using the Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of women was 43.42±13.1 years.The AA genotype was frequent in case group(43%)whereas the AG genotype was found more in the control group(69%).There was no signifi cant relationship between the studied polymorphisms and the grade,stage and size of the tumor,nor between the studied polymorphisms and estrogen receptor,progesterone receptor and lymph node involvement(P>0.05).Signifi cant association between the studied polymorphisms and breast cancer metastases was found(P=0.02).Conclusion:According to the results of the study,the AA genotype is associated with breast cancer,but none of the studied gene polymorphisms is associated with prognostic factors such as tumor stage,grade or size.
文摘Targeted therapies that deliver the expected anti-tumor effects while mitigating the adverse effects are taking the cancer world by storm. The need for such therapies in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), where systemic cytotoxic chemotherapies still remain the backbone of management, is felt more than ever before. Runway success of immunotherapies such as Ipilimumab for melanoma has brought excitement among oncologists. Immune-based treatments are in various stages of evaluation for NSCLC as well. Immunotherapies using strategies of antigen based or cell based vaccines, and blocking immune checkpoints are of substantial interest. Meaningful clinical responses are yet to be reaped from these new treatment modalities.
文摘Administration of ipilimumab,a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen-4-blocking monoclonal antibody,leads to enhancement of the anti-tumor T-cell respons and as a result shows a significant survival benefit in metastatic melanoma patients.Therefore patients are currently receiving this promising therapy as a secondline strategy.Unfortunately,by activation of the T-cell immune reponse,ipilimumab therapy may lead to an unwanted induction of different autoimmune phenomena.Diarrhoea and colitis occur in up to one third of patients.Here we present a case of ipilimumab induced ileocolitis which was successfully treated with infliximab,an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody,after corticosteroid therapy failure.Although formal trials are lacking,recently publicated series suggest that infusional therapy of infliximab is effective in ipilimumab induced ileocolitis.
文摘The field of tumor immunology has produced in the recent years a revolution in cancer therapeutics putting an end in the long lasting frustration of investigators in the area stemming from largely unsuccessful strides to develop cancer vaccines. This progress has come from the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies blocking ligand/receptor pairs with inhibitory effects for immune cells. Through this blockade immune checkpoint blockers are able to ac-tivate the immune system and create an anti-tumoral effect. A significant sub-set of patients with various types of cancers such as melanoma, lung carcinomas and urothelial cancers benefit from treatment with these drugs and survivals have improved in some ca-ses. However other cancers are primarily resistant to immune blockers and secondary resistance is also the norm. Radiation therapy is often used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced cancers and, in addition to the local effect in the irradiated field, it may in rare cases produce a systemic antitumor effect, termed "abscopal". This effect has been suggested to be produced by immune mechanisms. Thus an opportunity presents for a synergistic effect of immune stimulation between radiation and immune blockade inhibitors. The therapeutic opportunities presented with the combination of radiation and these drugs for gastrointestinal cancers will be discussed in this editorial overview.