基于2T2D相关谱技术分析玉米自交系亲缘关系

采集不同玉米自交系的近红外光谱和中红外光谱,研究其一维光谱特性。以不同自交系玉米为外扰,构建同谱2T2D近/中红外相关谱和异谱2T2D近-中红外相关谱,根据相关强度大小来确定不同玉米自交系之间的亲缘关系。结果表明,相对于一维光谱,2T2D相关谱能提取不同玉米自交系更多的光谱信息,可有效确定玉米自交系的亲缘关系。该方法可推广到其他作物上,具有较好的应用前景。

基于2T2D相关特征切谱掺杂牛奶判别

提出并建立一种基于2T2D相关特征切谱掺杂牛奶判别方法。制备两个品牌纯牛奶和掺杂三聚氰胺牛奶(0.02~2 mg·mL^(-1))各80个样品,共160个,以浓度为外扰,构建同步2T2D相关红外谱,并在纯牛奶和三聚氰胺特征峰位置对同步谱进行切谱处理,得到每一个样品的特征切谱。分别基于2T2D相关特征切谱、同步谱和室温下一维中红外光谱建立两个品牌融合的掺杂牛奶判别模型。结果表明:所提出的2T2D相关特征切谱判别方法不仅压缩了数据,而且有效提取了特征信息,提高了判别准确率。

外电场对ZrH_2(ZrD_2,ZrT_2)固溶体热力学函数的影响

采用Gaussian03程序及密度泛函(B3P86)方法,对Zr原子利用外部基函数8s7p3d,对H2(D2,T2)利用6-311g**全电子基函数,优化了在外电场作用下ZrH2分子微观结构,研究了锆与氢同位素气体反应的热力学函数及氢同位素平衡压力随温度和外电场的变化关系.研究表明:随着正向电场的增加,分子微观结构及其气体平衡压力发生明显变化.在293.16K,外电场从-0.004 a.u.到0.004 a.u.变化时,氢平衡压力相差六个数量级.说明外电场对金属氢化物的热力学函数具有一定的影响.

Studying host genetic background effects on multimorbidity of intestinal cancer development,type 2 diabetes and obesity in response to oral bacterial infection and high-fat diet using the collaborative cross(CC)lines

Background:Multimorbidity of intestinal cancer(IC),type 2 diabetes(T2D)and obesity is a complex set of diseases,affected by environmental and genetic risk factors.High-fat diet(HFD)and oral bacterial infection play important roles in the etiology of these diseases through inflammation and various biological mechanisms.Methods:To study the complexity of this multimorbidity,we used the collaborative cross(CC)mouse genetics reference population.We aimed to study the multimorbidity of IC,T2D,and obesity using CC lines,measuring their responses to HFD and oral bacterial infection.The study used 63 mice of both sexes generated from two CC lines(IL557 and IL711).For 12 weeks,experimental mice were maintained on specific dietary regimes combined with co-infection with oral bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum,while control groups were not infected.Body weight(BW)and results of a intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT)were recorded at the end of 12 weeks,after which length and size of the intestines were assessed for polyp counts.Results:Polyp counts ranged between 2 and 10 per CC line.The combination of HFD and infection significantly reduced(P<.01)the colon polyp size of IL557 females to 2.5 cm 2,compared to the other groups.Comparing BW gain,IL557 males on HFD gained 18 g,while the females gained 10 g under the same conditions and showed the highest area under curve(AUC)values of 40000-45000(min mg/dL)in the IPGTT.Conclusion:The results show that mice from different genetic backgrounds respond differently to a high fat diet and oral infection in terms of polyp development and glucose tolerance,and this effect is gender related.

Assessing the host genetic background effects on type 2 diabetes and obesity development in response to mixed–oral bacteria and high-fat diet using the collaborative cross mouse model

Background: Host genetic background and sex, play central roles in defining the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes(T2 D), obesity and infectious diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated the utilization of genetically highly diverse inbred mouse lines, namely collaborative cross(CC), for dissecting host susceptibility for the development of T2 D and obesity, showing significant variations following high-fat(42% fat) diet(HFD). Here, we aimed to assessing the host genetic background and sex effects on T2 D and obesity development in response to oral-mixed bacterial infection and HFD using the CC lines.Materials and Methods: Study cohort consists of 97 mice from 2 CC lines(both sexes), maintained on either HFD or Standard diet(CHD) for 12 weeks. At week 5 a group of mice from each diet were infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) and Fusobacterium nucleatum(Fn) bacteria(control groups without infection). Body weight(BW) and glucose tolerance ability were assessed at the end time point of the experiment.Results: The CC lines varied(P <.05) at their BW gain and glucose tolerance ability(with sex effect) in response to diets and/or infection, showing opposite responses despite sharing the same environmental conditions. The combination of diet and infection enhances BW accumulation for IL1912, while restraints it for IL72. As for glucose tolerance ability, only females(both lines) were deteriorated in response to infection.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the power of the CC mouse population for the characterization of host genetic makeup for defining the susceptibility of the individual to development of obesity and/or impaired glucose tolerance.

2型糖尿病与脓毒症的关系:基于GWAS数据库的两样本孟德尔随机化研究

目的探讨2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2D)与脓毒症的因果关联。方法从全基因组关联分析(GWAS)综合统计数据中获取117个T2D相关遗传位点作为工具变量,脓毒症作为结局,使用两样本孟德尔随机化分析,通过逆方差加权法(IVW)、MR-Egger回归、简单模型(Simple mode)、加权中位数法(Weighted median)、加权模型(Weighted mode)等回归模型OR值和95%CI评估T2D与脓毒症因果关系。使用Cochran′s Q检验评估遗传工具变量异质性,使用MR-Egger截距检验评估多效性,使用“留一法”评估单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)对T2D和脓毒症因果关系影响的敏感性。结果IVW评估T2D患者患脓毒症的风险是健康人群的1.102倍。Weighted median、Weighted mode结果同样支持T2D和脓毒症存在因果关系,OR值和95%CI分别为1.128(1.051~1.212,P<0.001)和1.151(1.035~1.280,P=0.011)。MR-Egger回归、Simple mode结果无统计学意义(P>0.05)。异质性检验证明两者关系存在异质性,多效性检验表明不存在水平多效性,“留一法”分析表明结果稳健。结论T2D会增加脓毒症发生的风险,T2D患者应注意脓毒症防治。

Lowering fasting blood glucose with non-dialyzable material of cranberry extract is dependent on host genetic background,sex and diet

Background:Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a polygenic metabolic disease,character-ized by high fasting blood glucose(FBG).The ability of cranberry(CRN)fruit to regulate glycemia in T2D patients is well known.Here,a cohort of 13 lines of the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross(CC)mouse model was assessed for the effect of non-dialyzable material(NDM)of cranberry extract in lowering fasting blood glucose.Methods:Eight-week-old mice were maintained on either a standard chow diet(con-trol group)or a high-fat diet(HFD)for 12 weeks,followed by injections of intraperi-toneal(IP)NDM(50 mg/kg)per mouse,three times a week for the next 6 weeks.Absolute FBG(mg/dl)was measured bi-weekly and percentage changes in FBG(%FBG)between weeks 0 and 12 were calculated.Results:Statistical analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG between weeks 0 and 12 in male and female mice maintained on CHD.However,a non-significant in-crease in FBG values was observed in male and female mice maintained on HFD dur-ing the same period.Following administration of NDM during the following 6 weeks,the results show a variation in significant levels of FBG lowering between lines,male and female mice and under the different diets.Conclusion:The results suggest that the efficacy of NDM treatment in lowering FGB depends on host genetic background(pharmacogenetics),sex of the mouse(phar-macosex),and diet(pharmacodiet).All these results support the need for follow-up research to better understand and implement a personalized medicine approach/uti-lization of NDM for reducing FBG.

南京市居民膳食模式与2型糖尿病关系的探讨

目的探索不同膳食模式与2型糖尿病（T2D）患病风险间的关系。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法，随机抽取南京市年龄≥15岁常住居民，采用南京市慢病防制社区居民健康状况调查表和食物频率调查表，开展问卷调查。采用因子分析法建立膳食模型，并应用多因素非条件logistic回归分析不同膳食模式与T2D患病率的关系。结果有效调查2030名常住居民，T2D患病率为5．5％。经因子分析，最终提取4种膳食模式，其特征根分别为3．630、2．426、1．780、1．754，方差贡献率分别为11．709％、7．827％、5．743％、5．659％（累计30．938％），依据每个公因子所包含的食物特点分别命名为健康模式、谷类及豆类模式、零食模式、传统模式。其中健康膳食模式和零食模式对T2D患病率有影响（P值均〈0．05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明，倾向于健康膳食模式的居民患T2D风险较低（OR=0．768，95％CI：0．557～0．863），而倾向于零食模式的居民患T2D风险较高（OR=1．652，95％CI：1．307～1．865）。结论膳食模式与2型糖尿病患病率密切相关，以新鲜水果蔬菜、禽肉类、蛋、奶制品、水产品为主的健康饮食习惯，对预防T2D的发生具有重要意义。

运动结合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病血糖稳态的作用及其可能机制研究进展

运动和二甲双胍单一因素对2型糖尿病的血糖稳态都起到改善作用,但运动结合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病血糖稳态的作用仍存在矛盾,既有促进作用,也有抑制作用,相关分子机制仍需进一步研究。通过对该领域研究进展的综述,分析运动结合二甲双胍对2型糖尿病血糖稳态的不同作用,探讨并分析其原因及可能分子机制,为治疗2型糖尿病新的治疗靶点和方案的研究提供更多参考。

中老年2型糖尿病患者骨代谢指标与糖化血红蛋白的相关性分析

目的探讨中老年2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2D)患者骨代谢指标与糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,HbA1c)的相关性。方法回顾性分析复旦大学附属浦东医院内分泌科T2D患者共372例,均为绝经后女性或≥45岁的男性,其中男性192人,女性180人。收集患者一般资料及血脂、肝功能、肾功能、HbA1c、骨代谢指标[25-羟基维生素D、β胶原降解产物(特殊序列)(β-C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen,β-CTX)、骨钙素N端中分子片段(N-terminal osteocalcin,N-MID)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)指标]。并根据HbA1c水平分为3组进行组间比较:A组HbA1c<7.5%,B组HbA1c 7.5~8.9%,C组HbA1c≥9.0%,Pearson相关性分析探索HbA1c与骨代谢指标相关性,多元线性回归分析探索T2D患者HbA1c的影响因素。结果3组间25-羟基维生素D、β-CTX、Ca、P指标差异无统计学意义,N-MID差异有统计学意义(女性:P<0.001;男性:P=0.048)。Pearson相关性分析得出HbA1c与N-MID呈负相关(女性:r=-0.302;P<0.001;男性:r=-0.207,P=0.004),与其他骨代谢指标无相关性。多元线性回归显示调整年龄及BMI后,N-MID仍为HbA1c的影响因素(女性:β=-0.321,P<0.001;男性:β=-0.339,P<0.001)。结论在绝经后女性及中老年男性T2D患者中,血清N-MID与HbA1c呈负相关,因而血清N-MID高水平可能有助于T2D患者血糖的控制。

用链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立2型糖尿病小鼠模型及中药治疗效果的研究

研究中药桑葚及复方舒糖宝对2型糖尿病小鼠模型血糖血脂的干预作用。方法:小白鼠接受小剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)腹腔注射5次造模。造模前后测定小白鼠血糖含量。造模成功后将造模小鼠分组,即模型组、桑葚组和舒糖组,另设不注射STZ的空白对照组(正常组)。桑葚组用桑葚水提液治疗,舒糖组用舒糖宝治疗,模型组和空白组为不治疗组。 结果:以下结果按空白组、模型组、桑葚组、舒糖组依次排列,模前血糖 4.82±1.77、4.41±0.91、4.11±2.01、4.96±1.20(mmol/L),各组比较,差异无统计学意义;模后一周血糖6.95±1.40、13.63±4.27、21.64±7.86、21.07±5.07(mmol/L),各组比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义; 模后两周血糖 6.86±1.02、16.72±3.81、15.36±4.51、18.10±5.13(mmol/L),各组比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;治后一周血糖 5.39±1.77、21.01±3.22、16.76±3.00、19.55±3.47(mmol/L),各组比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;治后两周血糖 6.98±1.35、21.34±4.93、22.22±5.52、20.57±5.30(mmol/L),各组比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义;治后三周血糖 6.25±1.46、22.83±3.07、20.66±3.14、20.11±3.37(mmol/L),各组比较,P<0.05,差异有统计学意义……结论:用链脲佐菌素小剂量多次腹腔注射后建立2型糖尿病模型,造模组造模后血糖比造模前明显升高,并明显高于正常组,治疗后有一定下降。

Advancing towards accurate phenotyping based on metabolic and fibrosis risk in metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease:one step closer to personalized care

Relevance of liver fibrosis amongst diabetic patients with metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)and knowledge gaps Insulin resistance is paramount in the crosstalk between intrahepatic and extrahepatic pathophysiological mechanisms leading to MASLD(1),hence gaining special relevance in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes(T2D).MASLD is the term that was recently endorsed by an international multidisciplinary consensus panel to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease[as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)was replaced by metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)](2).

外偶极电场作用下H_2O,D_2O和T_2O的可逆分解电压

采用密度泛函B3P86方法和6-311++G(3df,3pf)基组,计算了在-0.05～0.05a.u.外偶极电场作用下,H2O,D2O,T2O,H2,D2,T2,O2的电子能量、核运动能量和熵值,在此基础上通过计算H2O(g)→H2(g)+O2(g)、D2O(g)→D2(g)+O2(g)、T2O(g)→T2(g)+O2(g)的焓变ΔH、熵变ΔS、Gibbs函数变化ΔG,最后得到了H2O,D2O,T2O的可逆分解电压Er.计算结果表明,外偶极电场存在时,H2O,D2O,T2O的Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er都有明显的变化,当外偶极电场正方向增加时,其Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er均趋于线性增加;当外偶极电场负方向增加时,其Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er均趋于线性减小;在相同外偶极电场作用下,Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er随H2O,D2O,T2O依次增加.

国家级测绘地理信息系统数据成果备份设计与建设

结合国家级测绘地理信息系统数据成果备份的实际需求,基于SAN-Client备份架构和D2D2T备份模式,设计和配置了满足海量数据成果备份与恢复要求的近线备份资源池和离线备份资源池,提出了备份窗口动态策略及备份与恢复流程。基于上述设计,实现了测绘地理信息业务系统和备份系统的松耦合,保障了业务系统运行效率,同时提高了备份系统的可管理性和数据吞吐率。

一种热转印色带中黑颜料的分离及分析

热转印黑色带油墨层是黑颜料与树脂的分散体系 ,采用氧化铝柱层析法分离颜料与树脂 ,得到吸附有颜料的氧化铝 ,经过红外、元素分析、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱和热分析质谱和热分析质谱分析鉴定了黑颜料的成分为碳黑。

分布异构环境下的数据集中备份系统建设

对分布异构环境下的数据集中备份系统建设进行了详细调研和规划,对各个重要环节的进行了详细分析,根据自身需求特点组织实施了异构环境下的备份系统,取得了一定的效果。对其中设施及相关知识点进行了一定的深入了解。

Ne原子与H_2分子碰撞的同位素替代效应研究

使用密耦近似(Close-Coupling)方法、采用Tang-Toennies势模型计算了惰性气体原子Ne与H2分子及同位素D2分子在碰撞能量为83.8meV时的微分散射截面及分波截面,并与实验值和文献值进行比较.计算得到的微分散射截面值与实验值符合得较好,分波截面值与文献值也相符合.使用同样的方法和模型,文中对Ne-H2(D2,T2)三个体系的微分截面和分波截面进行了系统计算和比较分析,得出对称同位素替代碰撞体系的散射截面规律.

2型糖尿病候选基因TCF7L2的研究进展

自发现转录因子7类似物2(TCF7L2)基因多态性与成人2型糖尿病(T2D)相关以来,该结论在不同人种中得到广泛证实。研究认为它可能通过影响肠胰岛素轴Wnt信号传导通路的胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)的表达或通过在胰岛β细胞的表达,或参与胰岛素的合成、加工、分泌,影响胰岛素敏感性等方式导致糖尿病发生。本文对该基因目前的研究成果及趋势进行相关论述。

南京市居民膳食模式与2型糖尿病关系随访研究

目的了解江苏省南京市居民的膳食模式并探索不同膳食模式与2型糖尿病（T2D）发病风险关系。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法于2007年6-9月抽取南京市2个城区7个社区≥30周岁且无T2D及肿瘤病史的常住居民开展基线调查，3年后对该人群进行随访调查，采用专门设计的食物频数量表（FFQ）进行膳食调查，运用因子分析的方法建立膳食模式，采用Cox回归模型分析不同膳食模式与T2D发病风险的关联。结果基线实际有效调查3197人，3年后共随访到2303人；3年内新发生T2D205例，累计发病率为8．9％；因子分析得到5种膳食模式，经多因素Cox回归分析发现，传统健康模式与T2D发病呈负相关，与Tl相比，T2、T3人群发生他D的风险分别降低了28．6％（HR=0．714，95％CI=0．514～0．993）和38．3％（HR=0．617，95％CI=0．429～0．848）；甜品模式与T2D发病风险呈正相关，T3人群发生T2D的风险比T1人群增加了47．0％（HR=1．470，95％CI=1．043—2．072）。结论健康膳食模式能降低T2D的发病风险，甜品模式能增加T2D的发病风险，养成健康饮食的习惯对预防T2D的发生有重要意义。

Bile acids and metabolic surgery

The epidemic of obesity and its co-mortalities has reached an alarming level worldwide.Currently,metabolic surgeries,especially the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and vertical sleeve gastrectomy,are the most effective and sustainable treatments for obesity,type 2 diabetes,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,as well as other metabolic diseases.However,the invasive nature of the surgeries limits their broad ap-plications to the general public.Therefore,developing alternative non-invasive approaches to mimic metabolic surgery is an important direction of the field.Recent studies have identified several potential metabolic surgery-induced downstream endocrine mediators,among which bile acids are key candidate signaling molecules.Bile acids are profoundly altered by metabolic surgery,which contributes to the metabolic effects of the surgery.In this review,we focus on the most recent studies on the roles of bile acids and bile acid receptors farnesoid X receptor and Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 in mediating the metabolic effects of metabolic surgery.We conclude that targeting bile acid pathways may be a promising pharmacological approach to mimic the beneficial effects of metabolic surgery.