Measurement of Monomer Reactivity Ratios of D,L-3-Methylglycolide with Glycolide or D,L-Lactide

For monomer reactivity ratios study, the copolymerization of D,L-3-methylglycolide (MG) with glycolide (GA) or D,L-lactide (LA) was carried out in bulk to a certain low conversion in the presence of stannous octoate at 140 degrees C. The copolymer compositions were determined by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated by Fineman-Ross method, Kelen-Tudos method and linear least-squares method. The monomer reactivity ratios of D,L-3-methylglycolide and glycolide or D,L-lactide are r(mg)= 0.73, r(ga)= 1.47; r(mg)= 1.71, r(la)= 0.92, respectively.

A Series of Rare Earth Phenolates Substituted by Alkyl Groups for D,L-Lactide Ring-Opening Polymerization

Single component rare earth phenolates substituted by various alkyl groups have been prepared and the correlation between the aryloxides＇ structure and catalytic activity in the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide has also been investigated.The catalytic activity of all rare earth aryloxides,characteristics of the ring-opening polymerization as well as polymerization kinetics and mechanism were investigated.The results showed that both phenolates＇ catalytic activities and polymerization characteristics changed regularly,keeping in good concordance with variations in substitutents＇ number on phenol and structure of aryloxide ligands.The stronger ability of electron-donation of alkyl groups,the higher catalytic activity.Moreover,the more numbers of substituted alkyl on phenyl ring,the higher catalytic activity.The analyses of polymer ends revealed that the polymerization proceeded via a coordination-acyl-oxygen bond cleavage-insertion mechanism.

MISCIBILITY AND CRYSTALLIZATION BEHAVIOR OF BIODEGRADABLE BLEND OF POLY(β—HYDROXYBUTYRATE)AND POLY(D,L—LACTIDE)—CO—POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL)

Studies on the miscibility of PHB/PELA blends showed that PHB and PELA were miscible in amorphous state.The crystallization behavior of PHB in the blend was strongly de- pendent on the addition of PELA component.

THE RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF D,L-LACTIDE WITH ONE COMPONENT RARE EARTH CATALYST

(D, L)-Lactide (LA) was first polymerized with one component of rare earth catalysts [Nd(naph)(3), Nd(oct)(3), Nd(O-iPr)(3), Nd(AcAc)(3), Y(AcAc)(3), Sm(AcAc)(3), Er(AcAc)(3))] respectively in solution and in melt state. The effects of [Cat]/[La] molar ratio, solvents, polymerization time, temperature, various rare earth Elements and ligands were investigated in detail. The results showed that both the conversion of polymerization and the molecular weight (MW) of poly (D, L-Lactide) (PLA) in melt polymerization are higher than that in solution polymerization, but the polymerization rate in melt was lower than in solution. The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of PLA is broader with increasing temperature. X-ray study indicated that PLA obtained by Nd(AcAc)(3) in melt polymerization is an amorphous polymer.

MISCIBILITY AND MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF BIODEGRADABLE BLEND OF POLY(β—HYDROXYBUTYRATE)AND POLY(D,L—LACTIDE)

The poly(β-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(d,1-lactide)(PHB/PLA)blend was found to be immiscible,the melting point and the phase crystallinity of PHB were independent of the blend composition.Comparing with plain PHB,the blend exhibited the crystallization change and a certain improvement of the mechanical property.

The Ring-opening Polymerization of D, L-Lactide Initiated with Stannous Octoate

The ring-opening polymerization of D, L-lactide in the melt was systematically investigated by using stannous octoate as the initiator. The molecular weight of poly (D, L-lactide) was characterized with M,. Mn and Mw respectively. The results indicated that five variables, namely purity of monomer, initiator to monomer ratio, vacuum level, polymerization temperature and polymerization time had different influences on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of poly(D. L-lactide).

Different crystallinity of poly(d,l-lactide-co-p-dioxanone) copolymers acquired by control of chain microstructure

Poly（d,l-lactide-co-p-dioxanone） （P（LA-co-PDO）） copolymers with different chain microstructures were synthesized by onestep or two-step bulk ring-opening polymerizations of d,l-lactide （LA） and p-dioxanone （PDO） monomers using stannous octoate [Sn（Oct）2]/n-dodecanol as the initiating system. The average sequence lengths of the lactidyl （LLA） and dioxanyl （LpDo） units were calculated from the ^1H NMR spectra. It was found that both LLA and Lpoo values from the two-step syntheses were significantly longer than those from the corresponding one-step syntheses, indicating more blocky structure achieved for the twostep copolymers. Corresponding to this difference in microstructure, the two-step copolymers were semi-crystalline, while the one-step copolymers were completely amorphous. In conclusion, the crystallinity of P（LA-co-PDO） copolymers could be adjusted conveniently to meet specific applications by changing the microstructure of the copolymers via different polymerization routes.

Co-delivery of resveratrol and docetaxel via polymeric micelles to improve the treatment of drug-resistant tumors

Co-delivery of anti-cancer drugs is promising to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment.This study was aiming to investigate the potential of concurrent delivery of resveratrol(RES)and docetaxel(DTX)via polymeric nanocarriers to treat breast cancer.To this end,methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide)copolymer(mPEG-PDLA)was prepared and characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR,and their molecular weights were determined by GPC.Isobologram analysis and combination index calculation were performed to find the optimal ratio between RES and DTX to against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line(MCF-7 cells).Subsequently,RES and DTX were loaded in the mPEG-PDLA micelles simultaneously,and the morphology,particle size distribution,in vitro release,pharmacokinetic profiles,as well as cytotoxicity to the MCF-7 cells were characterized.IC50 of RES and DTX in MCF-7 cells were determined to be 23.0μg/ml and 10.4μg/ml,respectively,while a lower IC50 of 4.8μg/ml of the combination of RES and DTX was obtained.The combination of RES and DTX at a ratio of 1:1(w/w)generated stronger synergistic effect than other ratios in the MCF-7 cells.RES and DTX loaded mPEG-PDLA micelles exhibited prolonged release profiles,and enhanced cytotoxicity in vitro against MCF-7 cells.The AUC(0→t)of DTX and RES in mPEG-PDLA micelles after i.v.administration to rats were 3.0-fold and 1.6-fold higher than that of i.v.injections of the individual drugs.These findings indicated that the co-delivery of RES and DTX using mPEG-PDLA micelles could have better treatment of tumors.

模压挤出条件对聚(D,L-乳酸)及其复合材料力学性能的影响

在辛酸亚锡的催化下由丙交酯开环聚合制备了聚 ( D,L) -乳酸 ( PDL L A) ,并用二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯( MDI)作为扩链剂分别合成了 MDI扩链聚 ( D,L) -乳酸 ( PDL L A/ MDI)和 MDI扩链聚 ( D,L) -乳酸 /羟基磷灰石( PDL L A/ HA/ MDI)复合材料。采用自行设计的模压挤出设备着重研究了成型加工条件对这两类可生物降解材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明 ,在最佳条件下 PDL L A和 PDL L A/ MDI的弯曲强度分别为 3 5 .1MPa和 5 1.3MPa,弯曲模量分别为 2 413 .6MPa和 183 0 .9MPa,PDL L A/ HA和 PDL L A/ HA/ MDI复合材料的弯曲强度分别为 3 1.2 MPa和 5 5 .4MPa,弯曲模量分别为 173 5 .0 MPa和 2 0 68.5 MPa,可见 ,MDI扩链可显著提高 PDL L A和PDL L A/

有机锡化合物引发D,L-丙交酯的开环聚合

D,L-丙交酯在有机锡化合物四苯基锡（Ph4Sn）、三正丁基醋酸锡（Bu3SnOAc）、辛酸亚锡（SnOct2）等催化剂引发下开环聚合,得到高分子量的聚D,L-乳酸,讨论了聚合单体D,L-丙交酯纯度、聚合温度、聚合时间、聚合体系真空度以及引发剂有机锡催化剂与聚合单体D,L-丙交酯的比例对聚D,L-乳酸合成的影响,通过红外光谱和核磁共振光谱对聚D,L-乳酸的结构进行了表征.实验结果表明,D,L-丙交酯开环聚合反应的较佳工艺路线是：D,L-丙交酯重结晶5次,聚合温度140 ℃,聚合时间24 h,聚合体系真空度13.3～133.3 Pa,引发剂有机锡催化剂与单体D,L-丙交酯比例0.2‰～0.5‰,此时聚D,L-乳酸的粘均分子量最高,分别达到32.46×10^4,33.43×10^4和41.36×10^4.

SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2-ZnO-La_2O_3固体超强酸催化合成D,L-丙交酯

在不同工艺条件下采用滴定沉淀法制备了系列SO42-/TiO2-ZnO-La2O3固体超强酸催化剂,考察了其对D,L-乳酸合成D,L-丙交酯反应的催化活性;研究了催化剂用量、脱水聚合温度、解聚温度、稀释剂用量及回收反应残留物等对D,L-丙交酯粗收率的影响;通过红外光谱和拉曼光谱对催化剂和纯化后的D,L-丙交酯进行了表征。实验结果表明,在n(Ti4+)∶n(Zn2+)∶n(La3+)=30∶30∶1、0.7mol/L硫酸溶液浸渍22h、焙烧温度460℃的条件下制得的SO42-/TiO2-ZnO-La2O3固体超强酸(TZL-460)催化剂催化合成D,L-丙交酯的效果最佳;在D,L-乳酸62.5g、TZL-460催化剂用量为D,L-乳酸质量的1.05%、136~145℃下脱水聚合2.5h、乙二醇稀释剂用量10mL、221~230℃解聚2.0h的条件下,D,L-丙交酯的粗收率为71.8%。经无水乙醇3次重结晶纯化后,纯D,L-丙交酯的总收率达38.5%,同时回收反应后的残留物可进一步提高D,L-丙交酯的粗收率。

聚D,L-乳酸中间体——D,L-丙交酯的合成

聚D,L-乳酸(PDLLA)的合成方法主要有直接法和间接法两种。间接法合成PDLLA的关键在于中间体D,L-丙交酯(DLLA)的制备。文中以D,L-乳酸为原料,在催化剂辛酸亚锡(ZnO ct2)的作用下,合成DLLA。研究温度、压力、时间等因素对DLLA产率的影响,利用DSC、XRD、IR等分析测试技术对DLLA的性能和结构进行相关的测试和表征。研究结果表明,在反应体系中加入乙二醇作为稀释剂,能降低DLLA的馏出温度,避免了DLLA在蒸馏过程中产生炭化现象,并使DLLA的平均产率由36.8%提高至51.3%。

连续微波辐射法合成聚D,L-乳酸

采用微波辐射法,以D,L-丙交酯(DLLA)为单体开环聚合合成了聚D,L-乳酸(PDLLA)。考察了催化剂种类和用量、微波辐射功率和时间对PDLLA相对分子质量的影响;用多角度激光散射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振等技术对PDLLA进行了表征;并测定了反应过程中体系温度的变化。实验结果表明,以连续发射微波的改装微波炉为反应器,在Sn(Oct)2催化剂用量0.56%(以DLLA单体质量计)、辐射功率90W、辐射时间10min的条件下,合成的PDLLA的黏均相对分子质量为159.2kg/mol,收率为81.8%。改装的微波炉可连续发射微波,体系升温迅速,温升过程平稳。

SO_4^(2-)/ZnO-ZrO_2/La^(3+)催化合成D,L-丙交酯

采用滴定沉淀法制备了系列稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZnO-ZrO2/La3+,并用FTIR和SEM等手段表征了该固体超强酸的结构。表征结果显示,SO42-在ZnO和ZrO2表面是以螯合和桥式双配位两种形式与Zn和Zr结合的,SO42-/ZnO-ZrO2/La3+中出现了棱柱形的ZnO晶体和ZrO2四方晶体,具有超强酸性。将SO42-/ZnO-ZrO2/La3+用于以D,L-乳酸为原料合成D,L-丙交酯的反应,考察了催化剂的原料配比和催化剂用量对催化活性的影响。实验结果表明,n(Zn2+)∶n(Zr4+)=2∶1的SO42-/ZnO-ZrO2/La3+催化活性最佳;适宜的反应条件为:D,L-乳酸用量60g、催化剂用量1.0%(相对于D,L-乳酸的质量分数)、脱水真空度0.050~0.060M Pa、脱水时间2.0h、脱水温度140℃、解聚真空度0.085~0.095M Pa、解聚温度200℃、解聚终止温度245℃。在此条件下,D,L-丙交酯粗产品的收率达82.7%。

Preparation and characterization of biodegradable nanoparticles from methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide)block copolymers as novel drug carriers

Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(D,L-lactide) block copolymers (PEG-PLA) were prepared through ring-opening polymerization.The oil in water suspension method was used to prepare block copolymer micelles. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) by fluorescence spectroscopy was 0.0056 mg·ml -1 . The physical state of the inner core region of micelles was characterized with 1HNMR. The size of indomethacin (IMC) loaded micelles measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed narrow monodisperse size distribution and the average diameters were less than 50 nm. In addition, the nanoparticles with relatively high drug loading content (DLC) were obtained.

PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF复合神经导管的制备及其体外降解性能

将聚合物-RGD多肽接枝聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸L-赖氨酸,PRGD)与聚(D,L-乳酸,PDLLA)、β-磷酸三钙(β-TCP)、神经生长因子(NGF)复合制备的新型PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF复合导管材料在37℃的磷酸缓冲溶液中进行降解试验,研究支架材料在体外降解过程中相对分子质量、质量、降解介质pH值、微观形貌的变化及NGF的释放规律。研究结果表明:NGF的释放量在30d内可以达到诱导神经组织的功能;加入β-TCP,可以部分中和聚乳酸和PRGD降解产物的酸性,有效调节降解介质的pH值,使其维持在中性。加入PRGD和NGF可促进复合膜的降解,PRGD/PDLLA/β-TCP/NGF复合材料比聚乳酸具有更好的降解性能。

Biodegradable Blend Nanoparticles of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers Prepared by Nano-Precipitation Method

Nanoparticles of biodegradable methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-polyester amphiphilic diblock copolymers have widely investigated for use as controlled release drug delivery carriers. In this work, blend nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (MPEG-b-PDLL) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MPEG- b-PCL) were prepared by nano-precipitation method without any surfactants. 1H-NMR spectra showed significant difference in integral peak areas, suggesting the nanoparticles with different MPEG-b-PDLL/MPEG-b-PCL blend ratios can be prepared. Transmission electron microscope revealed the blend nanoparticles had nearly spherical in shape with smooth surface. Average size of the blend nanoparticles obtained from light-scattering analysis slightly decreased with increase in blend ratio of MPEG-b-PCL. The MPEG-b-PDLL and MPEG-b-PCL were amorphous and semi-crystalline, respectively. Thermal transition properties of the blend nanoparticles were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results showed that glass transition temperatures of the blend nanoparticles decreased and heats of melting steadily increased, while the melting temperature did not change as the MPEG-b-PCL blend ratio increased. This indicates the miscibility of MPEG-b-PDLL and MPEG-b-PCL in the amorphous phase of the blend nanoparticles. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the blend nanoparticles clearly exhibited two thermal decomposition steps due to MPEG-b-PDLL decomposition followed with MPEG-b-PCL. The blend nanoparticles had two temperatures of maximum decomposition rate (Td, max) accorded to each blend component. The Td, max of MPEG-b- PDLL phase significantly decreased, while Td, max of MPEG-b-PCL phase did not change as the MPEG-b-PCL blend ratio increased. These results suggested that the desired thermal properties of blend nanoparticles can be tailored by varying the blend ratio.

D,L-丙交酯的聚合

为获得较高分子量的聚 D,L-丙交酯 ,以利于进一步的工业加工与生产 ,采用在低减压度下制得的 D,L-丙交酯经重结晶提纯至熔点为 12 5～ 12 6℃后 ,于 15 0～ 190℃下、3～ 7h内进行聚合 ,可得到聚 D,L -丙交酯粘均分子量 MV 最高为 1.43× 10 5 。

聚(D,L)-乳酸的合成及生理盐水降解性

在催化剂辛酸亚锡(ZnOct2)的作用下,合成了聚D,L乳酸(PDLLA)。研究了催化剂用量、反应温度和时间对PDLLA分子量的影响。得到的最佳合成条件为:ZnOct2质量分数为0.5%,聚合温度为170℃,聚合时间为7h。考察了PDLLA在生理盐水中的降解情况,采用XRD对降解产物进行了表征。结果表明,PDLLA降解时,先生成不溶于生理盐水的低聚物,然后生成可溶性的低聚物,并有(D,L)丙交酯形成,质量损失迅速增加,最终降解完全。

Biologically Inspired Self-assembling Synthesis of Bone-like Nano-hydroxyapatite/PLGA-(PEG-ASP)_n Composite: A New Biomimetic Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold Material

A new biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffold material, nano-HAI PLGA-（ PEG-Asp ）n composite, was synthesized by a biologically inspired self-assembling approach. A novel biodegradable PLGA- （ PEG-Asp ）n copolymer with pendant amine functional groups and enhanced hydrophilicity woo synthesized by bulk ring-opening copolymerization by DL-lactide（ DLLA） and glycolide（ GA ） with Aspartic acid （ Asp ）-Polyethylene glycol（PEG） alt-prepolymer. A Three-dimensional, porous scaffold of the PLGA-（ PEG- Asp）n copolymer was fabricated by a solvent casting , particulate leaching process. The scaffold woo then incubated in modified simulated body fluid （naSBF）. Growth of HA nanocrystals on the inner pore surfaces of the porous scaffold is confirmed by calcium ion binding analyses, SEM , mass increooe meoourements and quantification of phosphate content within scaffolds. SEM analysis demonstrated the nucleation and growth of a continuous bonelike, low crystalline carbonated HA nanocrystals on the inner pore surfaces of the PLGA- （ PEG-Asp ）n scaffolds. The amount of calcium binding, total mass and the mass of phosphate on experimental PLGA- （ PEG-Asp ） n scaffolds at different incubation times in mSBF was significantly greater than that of control PLGA scaffolds. This nano-HA/ PLGA-（ PEG- Asp ）n composite stunts some features of natural bone both in main composition and hierarchical microstrueture. The Asp- PEG alt-prepolymer modified PleA copolymer provide a controllable high surface density and distribution of anionic functional groups which would enhance nucleation and growth of bonelike mineral following exposure to mSBF. This biomimetic treatment provides a simple method for surface functionalization and sabsequent mineral nucleation and self-oosembling on bodegradable polymer scaffolds for tissue engineering.