Genetic Variation of Mitochondrial D-loop Region and Evolution Analysis in Some Chinese Cattle Breeds

The complete mitochondrial D-loop region from 123 individuals in 12 Chinese cattle breeds and two individuals in Germany Yellow cattle breed was sequenced and analyzed. The results were shown as follows： 93 variations and 57 haplotypes were detected, and the average number of nucleotide difference was 22.708, nucleotide diversity （π） was 0.0251 ± 0.00479, and haplotype diversity （Hd） was 0.888 ± 0.026, indicating very high genetic diversity in Chinese cattle breeds. In the Neighbor-Joining tree, 13 cattle breeds were divided into two main clades, Bos taurus and Bos indicus; new Clade Ill had only one sequence from Apeijiaza cattle breed in Tibet, which was similar to that of yak at a higher level than other cattle breeds, proving the introgression of genes from the yak. The proportions of Bos taurus and Bos indicus were 64.3 % and 35.7 % respectively in Xigaze Humped cattle breed, and 50.0% and 50.0% respectively in Apeijiaza cattle breed, which revealed that Tibet cattle included Bos indicus haplotypes. The importance of Yunnan cattle in the origin of Chinese cattle was also confirmed based on their abundant haplotypes. Then, a very special haplotype il discovered in 27 Chinese cattle breeds, including 11 breeds in this study and 16 breeds in the GenBank, played the role of a nucleus in Chinese zebu and was further discussed. At the same time, the construction of Chinese zebu core group based on haplotype il validated the distinct origin of Bos indicus in Tibet, which was different from that of the other cattle breeds with zebu haplotypes in China.

庆阳驴mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及起源分析

[目的]研究庆阳驴养殖群体的遗传多样性与母系起源,了解其遗传信息,为保护庆阳驴种质资源、选育和遗传改良工作提供理论依据。[方法]随机选取133头庆阳驴,对其线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)D-loop区序列进行PCR扩增、测序及比对,并探讨庆阳驴的遗传多样性与母系起源。[结果]在获得的520 bp D-loop碱基序列中,AT含量(57.3%)高于GC含量(42.8%),表现出碱基的偏倚性;检测到38个变异位点,包含8个碱基对的转换;其核苷酸多样性(Pi)、单倍型多样性(Hd)、平均核苷酸差异(K)分别为0.01591、0.895和8.274,与欧洲家驴和中国家驴研究的平均值相比较低,说明该驴品种核苷酸变异较为贫乏。庆阳驴mtDNA D-loop区存在35个单倍型,单倍型之间的遗传距离为0.002~0.042。系统进化结果显示,庆阳驴存在2个线粒体支系,表明其具有2个母系起源,且遗传距离表明,庆阳驴与克罗地亚家驴之间的遗传距离较近。[结论]本研究从分子水平初步揭示庆阳驴核苷酸变异比较贫乏,杂交程度高,mtDNA遗传多态性正逐步丧失,应加强庆阳驴品种的遗传资源保护工作。

基于线粒体Cyt b基因和D-loop区分析元江鲤和杞麓鲤群体遗传结构

本文利用线粒体Cyt b基因和D-loop区部分序列,分析元江鲤(Cyprinus carpio yuankiang)和杞麓鲤(Cyprinus carpio chilia)群体的遗传结构。结果表明,在两个鲤群体中均获得929 bp的Cyt b基因序列和650 bp的D-Loop区序列。两个群体间平均遗传距离为0.00595(Cyt b)、0.00852(D-loop)。Cyt b基因共检测出元江鲤3种、杞麓鲤15种单倍型,两个群体共享两个单倍型(C-Hap1和C-Hap3);D-loop区序列共检测出元江鲤3种、杞麓鲤6种单倍型,两个群体共享两个单倍型(D-Hap1和D-Hap2)。元江鲤和杞麓鲤群体单倍型多样性(Hd)分别为0.30±0.10(Cyt b)、0.25±0.10(D-loop)和0.89±0.04(Cyt b)、0.73±0.05(D-loop)。元江鲤和杞麓鲤群体核苷酸多样性(π)分别为0.12±0.04(Cyt b)、0.12±0.09(D-loop)和0.77±0.09(Cyt b)、0.87±0.07(D-loop),杞麓鲤遗传多样性水平明显高于元江鲤群体。分子方差分析(AMOVA)显示,两个群体间有明显的遗传分化,且遗传变异主要来源于群体间。系统发育分析显示,元江鲤群体单倍型较少,类型较单一,与杞麓鲤群体差异大,多数元江鲤样本单倍型属于华南鲤(Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus)类型;多数杞麓鲤样本具特有单倍型,部分属于华南鲤、远东鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematopterus)类型。结果表明,杞麓鲤与元江鲤群体遗传分化明显,元江鲤线粒体遗传多样性较低。

Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region in Xinjiang Goose

[Objective] The sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of Xinjiang Goose with three different colors of plumage were analyzed in order to study the genetic diversity of Xinjiang Goose, as well as the phylogeny and evolution. [Method] Ten geese were selected randomly from the core populations of grey-, mosaic- and white-plumaged Xinjiang Goose respectively with a total number of thirty as experi- mental materials, of which the blood samples were collected from the largest vein under the wing （brachial vein） for DNA extraction. Sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop regions were determined using DNA sequencing technology to analyze the polymorphism. In addition, the genetic distances among different populations were estimated through the comparison with the reference sequences. [Resull] The con- tents of A, G, C and T nucleotides in the D-loop region of Xinjiang Goose were 28.85%, 17.05%, 25.38% and 28.72%, respectively. The average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of Xinjiang Goose were 0.583 and 0.056. Xinjiang Goose and Greylag Goose were clustered into the same group. [Conclusion] The results showed that Xinjiang Geese with three different colors of plumage all descend from Greylag Goose （Anser anser）.

基于D-loop序列和微卫星标记的4个黄颡鱼群体的遗传变异分析

为探究广东珠江、广西漓江、四川金沙江和云南西江4个水系黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)群体的遗传变异情况,本研究分别基于上述水系共108尾黄颡鱼的线粒体D-loop序列和12个微卫星标记对4个黄颡鱼群体进行群体内遗传多样性、群体间遗传距离和变异及群体结构分析。结果表明:共得到105个D-loop序列,其核苷酸组成中A+T含量占比为56.22%,G+C含量占比为43.78%。在105个有效序列中,多态位点数为746个(含缺和无效多态位点),单倍型数为51个。Hap2、Hap25、Hap15分别是广东珠江、广西漓江、四川金沙江群体的优势单倍型。4个黄颡鱼群体的单倍型多样性(H_(d))介于0.842~0.940,核苷酸多样性(π)介于0.002~0.083;四川金沙江群体Hd的最低,π也处于较低水平;而云南西江群体的Hd和π均最高;4个群体的Tajima′s D值均小于0。等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、观测杂合度(Ho)、期望杂合度(He)、多态信息含量(PIC)均为广西漓江群体最高,广东珠江群体次之,云南西江群体较低,四川金沙江群体最低。4个黄颡鱼群体的K2P遗传距离介于0.008~0.115之间,其中广西漓江与云南西江群体间的K2P遗传距离最近;广东珠江群体与其他3个群体的K2P遗传距离较远,与四川金沙江群体的K2P遗传距离最远。4个黄颡鱼群体间均存在极显著的遗传分化(P<0.01),群体间遗传分化指数(F_(st))介于0.114~0.959之间。4个黄颡鱼群体间Nei’s遗传距离和遗传一致性分别介于0.117~1.114之间和0.328~0.890之间,其中,广西漓江群体与云南西江群体的Nei’s遗传距离最近、遗传一致性最高,广东珠江与四川金沙江群体的Nei’s遗传距离最远、遗传一致性最低。在UPGMA系统聚类树中,4个黄颡鱼群体主要分为两支,其中广西漓江群体、云南西江群体最先聚为一支,然后与四川金沙江群体聚为一支,最后与广东珠江群体聚类。在NJ聚类树中,4个群体黄颡鱼的明显分为4个分支,广西漓江群体与云南西江群体呈镶嵌式分布。4个黄颡鱼群体中共享单倍型较少,但特有单倍型较多,其中云南西江和广西漓江群体相邻较近且共有单倍型较多。在基于Nei’s遗传距离进行的主坐标分析中,广西漓江群体和云南西江群体的个体之间遗传差异较小,广东珠江和四川金沙江群体的个体之间遗传差异较大。说明四川金沙江群体遗传多样性水平较低,云南西江群体遗传多样性水平较高,广西漓江群体与云南西江群体存在一定的基因交流。

基于D-loop序列的从江田鱼与野生鲤形态和遗传差异分析

利用形态学测量方法和D-loop序列分析了解从江田鱼与都柳江野生鲤的形态和遗传差异分析。结果显示,体长/体宽特征存在极显著差异,野生鲤独有17个单倍型,其核苷酸多样性(Pi)和单倍型多样性(Hd)较从江田鱼更高。野生鲤与从江田鱼的Fst值达到了0.15以上有较高的遗传分化。单倍型网络图显示,从江田鱼和野生鲤存在明显的遗传分化。分子方差(AMOVA)分析表明,从江田鱼群体的主要的遗传变异来自于群体内部个体间(80.66%)。基因流分析表明从江田鱼群体间基因交流水平不高但与野生鲤基因交流较频繁。研究表明,从江田鱼可能来源于野生鲤,其地理分布相对独立且有特定养殖模式,但受到自然和人工选择,其种群遗传多样性降低,种质资源存在退化风险需要保护。

建水黄褐鸭线粒体D-loop区遗传多样性分析

[目的]了解建水黄褐鸭系统发育、遗传分化和遗传多样性。[方法]选取18只建水黄褐鸭、4只北京鸭、6只揭阳鸭和6只克里莫M18,利用PCR技术对其mtDNA D-loop区序列进行扩增,结合NCBI部分野鸭和家鸭序列,利用MEGA、DNAsp、Arlequin软件进行聚类分析、遗传分化和遗传多样性分析。[结果]建水黄褐鸭与绿头鸭及斑嘴鸭2种野鸭亲缘关系更近;遗传分化指数和遗传距离均以建水黄褐鸭和北京鸭之间最大;建水黄褐鸭、北京鸭、揭阳鸭和克里莫M18这4个群体中建水黄褐鸭群体遗传多样性最低。[结论]建水黄褐鸭可能有绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭2个母系起源;建水黄褐鸭群体遗传多样性偏低,为今后更好地利用地方畜禽资源,应采取相应措施保护其遗传多样性。

基于线粒体D-loop区的4个团头鲂养殖群体遗传多样性分析

为了解安徽省养殖团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)种质资源现状,本研究基于来自省内不同地区的4个养殖群体117个样本的线粒体D-loop区,分析其遗传多样性及群体结构。遗传多样性分析结果表明,共检测到16个变异位点和14种单倍型,单倍型多样性指数为0.20~0.47,核苷酸多样性指数为0.00022~0.00224。群体结构分析显示,群体间发生了不同程度的分化,遗传分化系数为-0.0138~0.2190。分子变异分析(AMOVA)表明,变异来源全部来自个体间,单倍型网络图显示群体间可通过单倍型Hap_2连接。综上所述,4个群体可能经历了奠基者效应,遗传多样性丢失严重,群体间缺乏分化,4个团头鲂群体的遗传背景可以为安徽省团头鲂种质资源保护与利用提供参考依据。

Mutation in D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in gastric cancer and its significance

AIM:To investigate the mutation in D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in gastric cancer and its influence on the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle. METHODS: The D-loop region was amplified by PCR and sequenced.Reactive oxygen species and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry in 20 specimens from gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissues.According to the sequence results,gastric cancer tissue was divided into mutation group and control group.Reactive oxygen species,apoptosis and proliferation in the two groups were compared. RESULTS:Among the 20 gastric cancer specimens, 18 mutations were identified in 7 patients,the mutation rate being 35%.There were four microsatellite instabilities in the mutations. No mutation was found in the adjacent tissues. Reactive oxygen species,apoptosis,and proliferation in the mutation group were all significantly higher than those in control group. CONCLUSION: Mutation in D-loop region plays a role in the genesis and development of gastric cancer.

Ovarian Tumors in Senegalese Women: Impact of D-Loop Mutations between Healthy and Cancerous Tissues

In Senegal in particular, ovarian cancer, which is one of the most common gynecological cancers, accounts for 2.8% of deaths. The most important risk factor is genetic, with 10% of cases occurring in a context of genetic predisposition. The sequencing of the human genome, which has led to the discovery of millions of sequence variations, makes it possible to study variations within sequences. These variations are limited to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and this common form of polymorphism occurs approximately every 1000 bases in the human genome and 1.8 million SNPs are currently listed according to [1]. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding of the impact of mutations in the D-loop region of mtDNA on ovarian cancer in Senegalese women. This study involved searching for mutations in our study population after DNA extraction and sequencing. Mutations were found after a comparison of our sequences with the Cambridge reference sequence (NC_012920). The mutations found in the DNA studied extend from position 7 to position 16568 and most of these mutations are located in the hypervariate zones (HV1 and HV2). Heteroplasmy with three mutant alleles was also found in certain variants. Common mutations were found in both healthy and cancerous tissues, with almost identical frequencies in both types of tissue. This enabled us to understand the spread of tumor cells throughout the ovary.

A Study on the D-loop Region of Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Mutation in Cervical Carcinomas

Objective Background-study on genesis and development of tumor is mainly concentrated on gene mutation in nucleus.In recent years,however,the role of mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) mutation in tumor genesis has been given more and more attention,which is the only extra-nucleus DNA in cells of higher animals.Carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a common tumor in gynecology,but there are few reports of mtDNA mutation in this area.The focus of this study was to investigate the mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of cervical carcinomas and their relationship to tumorigenesis and tumor development.Methods The D-loop region of 24 cervical carcinomas together with the adjacent normal tissues were amplified by PCR and sequenced.Results Among the 24 cervical carcinomas,30 mutations in 9 patients′ specimen were identified with the mutations rate of 37.5%(9/24).There were 8 microsatellite instabilities among the mutations and 13 new polymorphisms which were not reported previously in the Genbank.Conclusions The D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA is a highly polymorphoric and mutable region and the mutation rate is relatively high in patients with cervical carcinomas.

Primary Analysis on mtDNA D-loop Hypervariable Region in Eutamias sibiricus

This study analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable region 601 bp sequence in 12 Eutamias sibiricus from Heilongjiang area. The result showed that the average contents of A, T, G and C were 33.2%, 30.5%, 11.8% and 24.5% respectively, the A＋T content （63.7%） was obviously higher than the G＋C content （36.3%）. Thirty-six, mutation （approximately 6.0%） sites were found and 9 haplotypes were defined. The mutations types, including transition, transversion and deletion were all found in the detected mtDNA D-loop regions, most of which was transition. The average nucleotide mutational ratio was 1.22%. The nucleotide mutation sites affected the restriction site appearance or disappearance of the restriction site. The research on mtDNA D-loop is focused on the domestic animals and there is no report on Eutamias sibiricus, This study analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable in Eutamias sibiricus so as to provide some useful informations for related research in the future.

Complete Sequence of Yak Mitochondrial D-loop Region and Its Taxonomic Status in Bovinae

Primers based upon the mitochondrial genome sequences of Bos taurus were used to amplify and sequence the complete mitochondrial D-loop region of Jiulong yak(Poephagus grunniens).The results showed that the length of D-loop was 893 bp,with 87.4%homology to the Bos taurus D-loop sequence;there were 17 bp deletion.Using Ovis aries as an outgroup,the phylogeny of representative species of Bovinae(P.grunniens,P.mutus,Bos taurus,Bos indicus,Bison bison,Bison bonasus,and Bubalus bubalis)was analyzed.Among Bovinae,the sequence divergence between P.grunniens,P.mutus and American bison(Bison bison)was 6.2%-6.8%,which was less than that of Bos taurus and Bos indicus within Bos(10.0%-11.3%).Phylogenetic analysis found that P.grunniens,P.mutus and Bison bison clustered first of all,indicating there was higher genetic comparability among them than to that of Bos.Combining data from paleontology,morphology,and molecular biology,the present analysis supports the argument that Poephagus grunniens and Poephagus mutus should be classified as a distinct genus in Bovinae,that is Poephagus.

Mutations in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in gastric cancer

Objective: To investigate the mutati ons in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in gastric cancer. Methods: The mtDNA of D-loop region was amplified by PCR and sequence d in 20 samples from gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal membrane. Results: There were 7/20(35%) mutations in the mtDNA of D-loop regio n in gastric cancer patients. There were four microsatellite instabilities among the 18 mutations. Nine new polymorphisms were identified in 20 patients. Conclusion: The mtDNA of D-loop region might be highly polymorphoric and the mutation rate is high in patients with gastric cancer.

闽浙地区香鱼线粒体Cytb基因和D-loop区序列多态性分析

对浙江瑞安、福建宁德、福建东张水库3个地理群体共31例香鱼(Plecoglossus altivelis)的线粒体细胞色素b(Cyt b)基因和线粒体D-loop区序列进行了PCR扩增、序列测定、核苷酸组成和多态性分析。Cytb基因中,A、T、C和G4种核苷酸的比例分别为19.72%、29.71%、32.25%和18.32%,A+T含量为49.43%,G+C含量为50.57%。D-loop区序列中,A、T、C和G4种核苷酸的比例分别为29.99%、29.29%、23.80%和16.92%,A+T含量为59.28%,G+C含量为40.72%。在长度为1141bp的Cytb基因序列中,仅存在1个变异位点,核苷酸多样性指数(π值)为0.00028,31个样本中仅出现两种单倍型;857 bp 长的D-loop区序列中,仅存在5个变异位点,核苷酸多样性指数(π值)为0.00199,仅出现5种单倍型。这表明闽浙地区香鱼的遗传多样性水平很低,应当加大对香鱼的保护力度。

基于线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)序列分析瓢鸡的遗传多样性

采用PCR产物直接测序技术对云南省镇沅县50只瓢鸡样品的线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)第Ⅰ高变区序列进行了分析。结果表明:在所分析的D-loop区序列中(520 bp),T,C,A,G平均含量分别为30.4%,29.6%,27.4%,12.6%;共检测到27个核苷酸多态位点,其中24个为转换,3个为颠换,序列突变率为5.19%;序列存在13种单倍型,单倍型多样度(H)为0.883±0.028,核苷酸多样度(π值)为0.015 03±0.000 99,表明瓢鸡群体内遗传变异较丰富。瓢鸡样品可划分为A,B,E,F,G等5个世系,在NJ无根系统树上聚为5大枝,揭示瓢鸡在遗传组成上具有5个母系血统来源。

西藏牦牛mtDNA D-loop区的遗传多样性及其遗传分化

通过测定和分析西藏11个牦牛类群114个个体的mtDNA D-loop区全序列,对西藏牦牛的遗传多样性、类群间的亲缘关系及其遗传分化进行了研究。结果表明:①西藏牦牛mtDNA D-loop区全序列长度为890—896 bp,4种核苷酸T、C、A、G的平均比例分别为28.5%、25.3%、32.4%、13.8%,西藏牦牛mtDNA D-loop区富含碱基A+T,表现出一定的碱基偏好性。②共检测到130个变异位点,占分析总位点数的14.33%;其中单一多态位点85个,占多态位点总数的65.38%,简约信息位点45个,占多态位点总数的34.62%。序列变异中碱基缺失、插入和碱基替换等均有,其中碱基替换变异类型中转换114次,颠换12次,在转换变异类型中以A/G、T/C为主,占95.61%,在颠换变异类型中以A/T为主,占75%。③在114个个体中鉴定出90种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.981±0.008,核苷酸多样性为0.01056±0.00701,均说明西藏牦牛具有丰富的单倍型类型。④90种单倍型分为2个聚类簇(Ⅰ、Ⅱ),聚类簇Ⅰ包含80种单倍型,占全部单倍型的88.89%,涵盖本研究中所有的西藏牦牛类群;聚类簇Ⅱ中有10种单倍型,占单倍型总数的11.11%,涉及的类群有工布江达、帕里、丁青、巴青、江达、类乌齐、桑桑、桑日、斯布,说明西藏牦牛可能有2个母系起源。⑤西藏牦牛类群间核苷酸分歧度(Dxy)在0.503%—1.416%之间,聚类分析和AMOVA分析显示西藏牦牛可分为两大类,康布牦牛、嘉黎牦牛为一类,其余的牦牛类群为另一类。

我国部分黄牛品种线粒体D-loop区遗传多样性与起源分化

为了解我国地方黄牛品种线粒体DNA的遗传变异情况,文章测定了16个地方黄牛品种206个个体线粒体D-loop区的全序列,共检测到101个变异位点;99种单倍型,其中73种是普通牛单倍型,26种是瘤牛单倍型;平均核苷酸差异为22.6920,单倍型多样度为0.9320,核苷酸多样度为0.0227,表明我国黄牛品种遗传多样性非常丰富。构建的NJ进化树显示16个品种来源于两大母系:普通牛和瘤牛;构建的Network图表明73种普通牛单倍型可以分为3大单倍型群;26种瘤牛单倍型分为5种单倍型群,推测我国瘤牛在迁移过程中,至少经历了4次群体扩张事件。通过分析比较地方黄牛品种与内罗门牛共有的H3单倍型,发现其中只有16%的序列与内罗门牛的H3单倍型非常相似,其余84%的序列均发生了鸟嘌呤变异,推测这些变异很可能是我国瘤牛固有的变异。

野牦牛(Bos grunniens mutus)mtDNA D-Loop区的遗传多样性

为从分子水平上评价野牦牛(Bosgrunniens mutus)的遗传多样性,对6头野牦公牛线粒体DNAD-loop区全序列进行了克隆和测定(GenBank登录号为:FJ548840～FJ548845),结合GenBank中已刊登的2条野牦牛的相应序列,使用BioEdit7.0.9、DnaSP4.10.1、Arlequin3.11等生物信息学软件,对全部8条序列开展了比对分析,确定了多态位点与单倍型数目,计算了核苷酸多样度和单倍型多样度。结果表明8条野牦牛线粒体DNAD-loop区全序列长度在891～894bp之间,其中A、T、G和C4种核苷酸的平均含量分别为32.68%、28.65%、13.46%和25.21%,A+T的平均含量为61.33%。排除4处核苷酸的插入或缺失后,共检测到39处转换和颠换位点,占分析序列总长度的4.38%,其中包括4处单一多态位点和35处简约信息位点。依据序列间核苷酸变异共确定了7种单倍型,单倍型多样度(h)为0.9643,核苷酸多样度(π)为0.02144,提示野牦牛群体具有丰富的遗传多样性。

舟山小黄鱼线粒体DNA D-loop区序列变异的遗传多样性分析

小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）为我国重要海产经济鱼类之一, 过度捕捞和环境污染等因素造成其资源日益衰退。研究小黄鱼种群遗传结构对其资源的保护及其可持续利用有十分重要的意义。该研究采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术对浙江舟山附近海域小黄鱼种群53个个体的mtDNA D-loop区全序列进行扩增, 序列长度在795-801bp 之间, 长度差异不大。采用Clustal X1.83、MEGA3.1、DnaSP4.0等生物信息学软件进行遗传多样性分析, 结果显示：53条小黄鱼线粒体DNA D-loop 区的T、C、A 和G 碱基平均含量分别为30.3%、23.1%、32.3%和14.3%, 排除13 处核苷酸的插入或缺失后, 共检测到93处转换和颠换位点, 约占分析序列总长度的11.6%, 其中包括53 个单一多态位点和40 个简约信息位点, 共确定了52 种单倍型, 单倍型多样性（hd）为0.9993, 单倍型间的平均遗传距离为0.012, 转换/颠换平均值为4.305, 平均核苷酸差异数（k）为9.73875, 核苷酸多样性（π）为0.01233,表明舟山小黄鱼遗传多样性处于中等水平。