Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was c...Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.展开更多
Objective:To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics,and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)women from Vietnam.Methods:From June ...Objective:To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics,and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)women from Vietnam.Methods:From June 2018 to August 2022,a randomized trial was undertaken at the Hue Center for Endocrinology and Reproduction on infertile women aged 18 to 40 years with polycystic ovarian syndrome.The clinical,endocrine,and metabolic features of these individuals were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment with 2 g of inositol or 1700 mg of metformin per day.Natural pregnancy rates,adverse effects,and tolerance of inositol were recorded.Results:The study included 171 infertile PCOS women who were eligible to participate and took part in the baseline assessment,of whom 132 women participated in data analysis after 3 months.After metformin treatment,42.1%of women with oligomenorrhea experienced regular menstruation.Metformin significantly lowered body mass index(BMI),waist circumference and testosterone levels,but had no effect on other clinical characteristics,endocrine profiles,or metabolic profiles.29.2%Of women reported experiencing side effects.21%Of them attained pregnancy,which resulted in 17.1%of live births.In the inositol group,the rate of regular cycle increased by 18.2%and the total testosterone concentration significantly decreased.In overweight/obese women with PCOS,inositol significantly decreased weight,BMI,waist and hip circumferences(P<0.05).100%Of women tolerated inositol and continued treatment.18.9%Of them became pregnant,leading to 17%of live births.Conclusions:Metformin and inositol can improve weight and waist circumference in overweight/obese infertile women with PCOS.Metformin is associated with a higher rate of regular menstruation,whereas inositol is associated with a lower rate of adverse effects.The spontaneous conception,clinical pregnancy,and live birth rates between two groups are comparable.展开更多
Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnorm...Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnormal expression of INPP4B may be attributed to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of tumors of the digestive system.This paper reviews studies on the correlations between INPP4B and digestive system tumors and the roles of INPP4B in the development of different tumors to provide a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanism and clinical application."INPP4B"and"tumor"were searched as key words in PubMed and in the CNKI series full text database retrieval system from January 2000 to August 2023.A total of 153 Englishlanguage studies and 30 Chinese-language studies were retrieved.The following enrollment criteria were applied:(1)Studies contained information on the biological structure and functions of INPP4B;(2)studies covered the influence of abnormal expression of INPP4B in digestive system tumors;and(3)studies covered the role of INPP4B in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of digestive system tumors.After excluding the literature irrelevant to this study,61 papers were finally included in the analysis.INPP4B expression is low in gastric cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer but it has high expression in esophageal cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and gallbladder cancer.INPP4B is involved in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors through the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction.The abnormal expression of INPP4B plays an important role in the development of digestive system tumors.Studies on INPP4B provide new molecular insights for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of digestive system tumors.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the pho...Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.展开更多
该研究对一款由绿豆、苦荞、黑米、血糯米、燕麦胚芽米和白米复配而成的多谷物配方米(multi-grains formula,MGF)中的活性物质进行研究。对经过高温空气流化(high-temperature air fluidization,HTAF)加工前后的MGF中的多酚和肌醇物质...该研究对一款由绿豆、苦荞、黑米、血糯米、燕麦胚芽米和白米复配而成的多谷物配方米(multi-grains formula,MGF)中的活性物质进行研究。对经过高温空气流化(high-temperature air fluidization,HTAF)加工前后的MGF中的多酚和肌醇物质进行提取,并评估了该提取物的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,MGF多酚和肌醇提取物中主要含有酚酸、类黄酮、肌-肌醇和D-手性肌醇。该提取物对ABTS阳离子自由基、DPPH自由基、羟自由基的清除率最高,分别可达到92.28%、75.02%、87.21%,且在一定质量浓度范围内其清除能力均呈浓度依赖型增加。同时该提取物也表现出一定的总还原能力和Fe^(2+)螯合能力,最高分别达1.26 mg维生素C当量/mL和1.85 mmol Fe^(2+)。HTAF工艺处理后的MGF对DPPH自由基清除能力、总还原能力和Fe^(2+)螯合能力都进一步提高。相关性分析结果表明,MGF中总黄酮和总多酚是最关键抗氧化组分,其含量与ABTS阳离子自由基清除力、羟自由基清除力和总还原能力呈极显著相关(P<0.001),相关性要高于肌-肌醇和D-手性肌醇(P<0.01);总还原能力是最具代表性的MGF抗氧化评价方式,它与总多酚、总黄酮、肌-肌醇含量均呈极显著相关(P<0.001),与D-手性肌醇含量呈显著相关(P<0.01)。综上所述,MGF多酚和肌醇提取物表现出较强的抗氧化活性,HTAF处理工艺在改善了MGF蒸煮品质的同时保留或略微提高了MGF的抗氧化活性,这为多谷物饮食在预防氧化应激代谢疾病方面提供了一定的理论依据。展开更多
背景:近年来,有研究发现部分中药单体通过激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。目的:综述中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展。方法:分别以“中药、细胞自噬、皮瓣”与“Traditional Chi...背景:近年来,有研究发现部分中药单体通过激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。目的:综述中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展。方法:分别以“中药、细胞自噬、皮瓣”与“Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),Autophagy,Skin flaps”为中英文检索词,由第一作者检索2010年1月至2022年10月发表在中国知网与PubMed数据库的相关文献,文献初筛共检索到相关文献196篇,以纳入和排除标准进行筛选,通过阅读文献标题与摘要进行质量评估,最终归纳整理55篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)细胞自噬的调控是由AMPK/mTOR和PI3K/AKT等信号通路介导的,激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。(2)中药单体中的萜类化合物(桦木酸、穿心莲内酯、三七三萜和梓醇)、酚类化合物(白藜芦醇、姜黄素和天麻素)、酚酸类化合物(丹酚酸B)及类固醇类化合物(拟人参皂甙F11)可通过调控相关信号通路激活细胞自噬来缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,促皮瓣存活。(3)文章通过总结中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展,为临床上中药防治皮瓣坏死、促进皮瓣愈合提供参考与理论依据。展开更多
目的:探讨烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用机制及其临床价值。方法:采用RT-q PCR和Western blot方法检测多发性骨髓瘤细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中NAMPT的表达水平,同时通过细胞增殖与凋亡实验、小干扰RNA沉默、过表...目的:探讨烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用机制及其临床价值。方法:采用RT-q PCR和Western blot方法检测多发性骨髓瘤细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中NAMPT的表达水平,同时通过细胞增殖与凋亡实验、小干扰RNA沉默、过表达实验和染色质免疫共沉淀实验分析NAMPT的生物学功能。结果:多发性骨髓瘤细胞系(MM1R、MM1S、U266和RPMI-8226)中NAMPT m RNA和蛋白的表达水平较正常骨髓单个核细胞均显著升高(P<0.001),且在U266细胞中最明显。与Si-NC组相比,Si-NAMPT组转染24、48、72 h均显著抑制U266细胞增殖(P=0.006,P<0.001,P=0.001),转染48 h时U266细胞凋亡率升高显著(P<0.001)。与Flag-NC组比较,Flag-NAMPT组U266细胞增殖均显著升高(P=0.003,P=0.002,P<0.001),转染48 h时细胞凋亡率明显降低。在U266细胞中NAMPT的表达在转录水平受到XBP1的调控。用硼替佐米处理XBP1或NAMPT稳定敲除或经MKC3946预处理的U266细胞后细胞增殖率均显著下降,BAX m RNA和蛋白水平显著升高,BCL-2 m RNA和蛋白水平显著下调,Caspase-3裂解度显著下降,Caspase-3/7活性急剧增加(P<0.05)。结论:NAMPT在多发性骨髓瘤细胞系中高表达,促进多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。在U266细胞中NAMPT受IRE1α-XBP1信号通路的转录调控。稳定敲除NAMPT或阻断IRE1α-XBP1通路可显著提高U266细胞对硼替佐米的敏感性。展开更多
The solubilities and the refractive indices of the saturated solution in the system C 6H 12 O 6 NH 4Cl C 2H 5OH-H 2O ( C 2H 5OH / H 2O=0.90, by wt ) at 35℃ have been determined. The isotherms and r...The solubilities and the refractive indices of the saturated solution in the system C 6H 12 O 6 NH 4Cl C 2H 5OH-H 2O ( C 2H 5OH / H 2O=0.90, by wt ) at 35℃ have been determined. The isotherms and refractive indices of the system at 35℃ consist of 2 branches, corresponding to C 6H 12 O 6( H 2O and NH 4Cl. The composition of eutectic solution is C 6H 12 O 6: 4.40 %, NH 4Cl: 13.86 %, C 2H 5OH: 38.88 %.展开更多
基金support for this research from AB Vista,Marlborough,UK,is greatly appreciated。
文摘Background The effect of microbial phytase on amino acid and energy digestibility is not consistent in pigs,which may be related to the phytase dosage or the adaptation length to the diet.Therefore,an experiment was conducted to test the hypotheses that increasing dietary phytase after an 18-day adaptation period:1)increases nutrient and energy digestibility;2)increases plasma P,plasma inositol,and bone ash of young pigs;and 3)demonstrates that maximum phytate degradation requires more phytase than maximum P digestibility.Results Data indicated that increasing inclusion of phytase[0,250,500,1,000,2,000,and 4,000 phytase units(FTU)/kg feed]in corn-soybean meal-based diets increased apparent ileal digestibility(AID)of Trp(quadratic;P<0.05),and of Lys and Thr(linear;P<0.05),and tended to increase AID of Met(linear;P<0.10).Increasing dietary phytase also increased AID and apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of Ca and P(quadratic;P<0.05)and increased ATTD of K and Na(linear;P<0.05),but phytase did not influence the ATTD of Mg or gross energy.Concentrations of plasma P and bone ash increased(quadratic;P<0.05),and plasma inositol also increased(linear;P<0.05)with increasing inclusion of phytase.Reduced concentrations of inositol phosphate(IP)6 and IP5(quadratic;P<0.05),reduced IP4 and IP3(linear;P<0.05),but increased inositol concentrations(linear;P<0.05)were observed in ileal digesta as dietary phytase increased.The ATTD of P was maximized if at least 1,200 FTU/kg were used,whereas more than 4,000 FTU/kg were needed to maximize inositol release.Conclusions Increasing dietary levels of phytase after an 18-day adaptation period increased phytate and IP ester degradation and inositol release in the small intestine.Consequently,increasing dietary phytase resulted in improved digestibility of Ca,P,K,Na,and the first 4 limiting amino acids,and in increased concentrations of bone ash and plasma P and inositol.In a corn-soybean meal diet,maximum inositol release requires approximately 3,200 FTU/kg more phytase than that required for maximum P digestibility.
文摘Objective:To compare the effectiveness of inositol and metformin on the clinical characteristics,and endocrine and metabolic profiles of infertile polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)women from Vietnam.Methods:From June 2018 to August 2022,a randomized trial was undertaken at the Hue Center for Endocrinology and Reproduction on infertile women aged 18 to 40 years with polycystic ovarian syndrome.The clinical,endocrine,and metabolic features of these individuals were assessed before and after 3 months of treatment with 2 g of inositol or 1700 mg of metformin per day.Natural pregnancy rates,adverse effects,and tolerance of inositol were recorded.Results:The study included 171 infertile PCOS women who were eligible to participate and took part in the baseline assessment,of whom 132 women participated in data analysis after 3 months.After metformin treatment,42.1%of women with oligomenorrhea experienced regular menstruation.Metformin significantly lowered body mass index(BMI),waist circumference and testosterone levels,but had no effect on other clinical characteristics,endocrine profiles,or metabolic profiles.29.2%Of women reported experiencing side effects.21%Of them attained pregnancy,which resulted in 17.1%of live births.In the inositol group,the rate of regular cycle increased by 18.2%and the total testosterone concentration significantly decreased.In overweight/obese women with PCOS,inositol significantly decreased weight,BMI,waist and hip circumferences(P<0.05).100%Of women tolerated inositol and continued treatment.18.9%Of them became pregnant,leading to 17%of live births.Conclusions:Metformin and inositol can improve weight and waist circumference in overweight/obese infertile women with PCOS.Metformin is associated with a higher rate of regular menstruation,whereas inositol is associated with a lower rate of adverse effects.The spontaneous conception,clinical pregnancy,and live birth rates between two groups are comparable.
文摘Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase type II(INPP4B)is a newly discovered PI(3,4,5)P3 phosphatase.Many studies have revealed that INPP4B is upregulated or downregulated in tumors of the digestive system,and the abnormal expression of INPP4B may be attributed to the occurrence,development,and prognosis of tumors of the digestive system.This paper reviews studies on the correlations between INPP4B and digestive system tumors and the roles of INPP4B in the development of different tumors to provide a theoretical basis for further research on its molecular mechanism and clinical application."INPP4B"and"tumor"were searched as key words in PubMed and in the CNKI series full text database retrieval system from January 2000 to August 2023.A total of 153 Englishlanguage studies and 30 Chinese-language studies were retrieved.The following enrollment criteria were applied:(1)Studies contained information on the biological structure and functions of INPP4B;(2)studies covered the influence of abnormal expression of INPP4B in digestive system tumors;and(3)studies covered the role of INPP4B in the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of digestive system tumors.After excluding the literature irrelevant to this study,61 papers were finally included in the analysis.INPP4B expression is low in gastric cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer but it has high expression in esophageal cancer,colon cancer,pancreatic cancer,and gallbladder cancer.INPP4B is involved in the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors through the regulation of gene expression and signal transduction.The abnormal expression of INPP4B plays an important role in the development of digestive system tumors.Studies on INPP4B provide new molecular insights for the diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis evaluation of digestive system tumors.
基金supported by the European Regional Development Funds-European Union(ERDF-EU),FATZHEIMER project(EU-LAC HEALTH 2020,16/T010131 to FRdF),“Una manera de hacer Europa”Ministerio de Economía,Industria y Competitividad,Gobierno de Espa?a,Programa Estatal de Investigación,Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad(RTC2019-007329-1 to FRdF)+2 种基金Consejería de Economía,Conocimiento y Universidad,Junta de Andalucía,Plan Andaluz de Investigación,Desarrollo e Innovación(P18TP-5194 to FRdF)Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ(DTS22/00021 to FRdF)DMV(FI20/00227)holds a“PFIS’’predoctoral contract from the National System of Health,EU-ERDF-Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ。
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.
文摘背景:近年来,有研究发现部分中药单体通过激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。目的:综述中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展。方法:分别以“中药、细胞自噬、皮瓣”与“Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),Autophagy,Skin flaps”为中英文检索词,由第一作者检索2010年1月至2022年10月发表在中国知网与PubMed数据库的相关文献,文献初筛共检索到相关文献196篇,以纳入和排除标准进行筛选,通过阅读文献标题与摘要进行质量评估,最终归纳整理55篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)细胞自噬的调控是由AMPK/mTOR和PI3K/AKT等信号通路介导的,激活细胞自噬可缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,防治皮瓣坏死。(2)中药单体中的萜类化合物(桦木酸、穿心莲内酯、三七三萜和梓醇)、酚类化合物(白藜芦醇、姜黄素和天麻素)、酚酸类化合物(丹酚酸B)及类固醇类化合物(拟人参皂甙F11)可通过调控相关信号通路激活细胞自噬来缓解皮瓣氧化应激与细胞凋亡,促进皮瓣血管再生,促皮瓣存活。(3)文章通过总结中药单体调控细胞自噬防治皮瓣坏死的研究进展,为临床上中药防治皮瓣坏死、促进皮瓣愈合提供参考与理论依据。
文摘目的:探讨烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)在多发性骨髓瘤中的作用机制及其临床价值。方法:采用RT-q PCR和Western blot方法检测多发性骨髓瘤细胞和正常骨髓单个核细胞中NAMPT的表达水平,同时通过细胞增殖与凋亡实验、小干扰RNA沉默、过表达实验和染色质免疫共沉淀实验分析NAMPT的生物学功能。结果:多发性骨髓瘤细胞系(MM1R、MM1S、U266和RPMI-8226)中NAMPT m RNA和蛋白的表达水平较正常骨髓单个核细胞均显著升高(P<0.001),且在U266细胞中最明显。与Si-NC组相比,Si-NAMPT组转染24、48、72 h均显著抑制U266细胞增殖(P=0.006,P<0.001,P=0.001),转染48 h时U266细胞凋亡率升高显著(P<0.001)。与Flag-NC组比较,Flag-NAMPT组U266细胞增殖均显著升高(P=0.003,P=0.002,P<0.001),转染48 h时细胞凋亡率明显降低。在U266细胞中NAMPT的表达在转录水平受到XBP1的调控。用硼替佐米处理XBP1或NAMPT稳定敲除或经MKC3946预处理的U266细胞后细胞增殖率均显著下降,BAX m RNA和蛋白水平显著升高,BCL-2 m RNA和蛋白水平显著下调,Caspase-3裂解度显著下降,Caspase-3/7活性急剧增加(P<0.05)。结论:NAMPT在多发性骨髓瘤细胞系中高表达,促进多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖,抑制细胞凋亡。在U266细胞中NAMPT受IRE1α-XBP1信号通路的转录调控。稳定敲除NAMPT或阻断IRE1α-XBP1通路可显著提高U266细胞对硼替佐米的敏感性。
文摘The solubilities and the refractive indices of the saturated solution in the system C 6H 12 O 6 NH 4Cl C 2H 5OH-H 2O ( C 2H 5OH / H 2O=0.90, by wt ) at 35℃ have been determined. The isotherms and refractive indices of the system at 35℃ consist of 2 branches, corresponding to C 6H 12 O 6( H 2O and NH 4Cl. The composition of eutectic solution is C 6H 12 O 6: 4.40 %, NH 4Cl: 13.86 %, C 2H 5OH: 38.88 %.