A shield of defense:Developing ballistic composite panels with effective electromagnetic interference shielding absorption

The primary goal of this study is to develop cost-effective shield materials that offer effective protection against high-velocity ballistic impact and electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding capabilities through absorption.Six fiber-reinforced epoxy composite panels,each with a different fabric material and stacking sequence,have been fabricated using a hand-layup vacuum bagging process.Two panels made of Kevlar and glass fibers,referred to as(K-NIJ)and(G-NIJ),have been tested according to the National Institute of Justice ballistic resistance protective materials test NIJ 0108.01 Standard-Level IIIA(9 mm×19 mm FMJ 124 g)test.Three panels,namely,a hybrid of Kevlar and glass(H-S),glass with ceramic particles(C-S),and glass with recycled rubber(R-S)have been impacted by the bullet at the center,while the fourth panel made of glass fiber(G-S)has been impacted at the side.EMI shielding properties have been measured in the X-band frequency range via the reflection-transmission method.Results indicate that four panels(K-NIJ,G-NIJ,H-S,and G-S)are capable of withstanding high-velocity impact by stopping the bullet from penetrating through the panels while maintaining their structural integrity.However,under such conditions,these panels may experience localized delamination with variable severity.The EMI measurements reveal that the highest absorptivity observed is 88% for the KNIJ panel at 10.8 GHz,while all panels maintain an average absorptivity above 65%.All panels act as a lossy medium with a peak absorptivity at different frequencies,with K-NIJ and H-S panels demonstrating the highest absorptivity.In summary,the study results in the development of a novel,costeffective,multifunctional glass fiber epoxy composite that combines ballistic and electromagnetic interference shielding properties.The material has been developed using a simple manufacturing method and exhibits remarkable ballistic protection that outperforms Kevlar in terms of shielding efficiency;no bullet penetration or back face signature is observed,and it also demonstrates high EMI shielding absorption.Overall,the materials developed show great promise for various applications,including the military and defense.

Correlation between induced embryo toxicity and absorption dose of enriched uranium in testes

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Effect of water absorption ratio on tensile strength of red sandstone and morphological analysis of fracture surfaces

Brazilian disc tests were undertaken on a number of red sandstone samples with different water absorption ratios.The tensile strength of the red sandstone decreases as the water absorption ratio increases.The fracture surfaces of failed red sandstone discs were scanned by Talysurf CLI 2000.With the aid of Talymap Gold software,based on ISO25178,a set of statistical parameters was obtained for the fracture surfaces.The maximum peak height(S_p),maximum pit height(S_v) and maximum height(S_z) of the fracture surfaces exhibited the same decreasing trend with increasing water absorption.Sa and Sku values for the fracture surfaces showed a downward trend as the water absorption ratio increased.The fractal dimensions of fracture surfaces were calculated and found to decrease as the water absorption ratio increased.Through analysis of PSD curves,the smallest dominant wavelength was observed to reflect the roughness of the fracture surfaces.Additionally,the results suggest that the roughness of fracture surfaces becomes small as the water absorption ratio increases.

Experimental Study on the Energy Absorption Properties of MWK Reinforced Composites

The energy absorption properties of MWK fabric reinforced composite plates were studied. Low velocity and low energy impact experiments were carried out for MWK fabric reinforced Glassfibre/Epoxy composite plate, by setting up a drop weight impact test system. Using this system, the drop weight velocity during impacting was obtained and recorded by transducer and corresponding signal processing system. Based on the velocity record, the impact energy and dissipated impact energy (energy absorption) were obtained. The influences of structure parameters of MWK on the impact behavior and energy absorption properties were then investigated.

Analytical method for promoting process capability of shock absorption steel

Mechanical properties and low cycle fatigue are two factors that must be considered in developin gnew type steel for shock absorption. Process capability and process control are significant factors in achieving the purpose of research and development programs. Often-used evaluation methods failed to measure processyield and process centering ; so this paper uses Taguchi loss function as basis to establish an evaluation methodand the steps for assessing the quality of mechanical properties and process control of an iron and steel manu-facturer. The establishment of this method can serve the research and development and manufacturing industry and lay a foundation in enhancing its process control ability to select better manufacturing processes that are more reliable than decision making by using the other commonly used methods.

Energy Absorption of Pultruded Glass-Graphite/Epoxy Hybrid Composites under High Strain-Rate Induced Transverse Tension

This paper focuses on the dynamic tensile response of glass-graphite/epoxy composites illustrating improvement in energy absorption through hybridization. The dynamic response and energy absorption characteristics of pultruded hybrid combinations of glass and graphite fibers in an epoxy matrix subjected to induced transverse tension at high strain-rate in a modified Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus, are presented. Transverse tensile strength was determined by diametral compression of disc samples (Brazilian indirect tensile test method). Diametral crack initiation and strain to failure were monitored with a Shimadzu HPV-2 high-speed video camera at a recording speed of 500,000 fps and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Adequate measures were taken to ensure that initiation of specimen failure occurred at the exact center of the disc specimen, and propagated through the diameter along the compressive loading axis, for the induced transverse tension tests to be valid. A study of the strength and specific energy absorption demonstrates the benefits of hybridization. Under induced transverse tensile loading condition, the pure glass/epoxy (GL60) exhibited higher strength than pure graphite/epoxy (GR60). Pure graphite/epoxy (GR60) has higher specific energy absorption capacity than pure glass/epoxy (GL60) in transverse tension. Among all hybrids, GR30 has the highest specific energy absorption under transverse tension. Overall, hybrid GL48, with 48% low-cost glass fibers in the inner core and 12% high-cost graphite fibers in outer shell, was found to exhibit better performance under induced transverse tension at high strain-rates, showing the benefits of hybridization.

基于Overlay Test评价应力吸收层抗反射裂缝性能

为了更好地评价应力吸收层的抗反射裂缝性能,提出采用Overlay Test(OT)试验测定SBS、WTR和WTR/APAO改性沥青应力吸收层在常规条件、浸水和长期老化后的抗反射裂缝性能.研究发现,试验周期数、荷载损失率和总断裂能能够很好地表征应力吸收层的抗反射裂缝性能;第一周期最大荷载和临界断裂能是评价初期开裂的指标.试验发现3种应力吸收层在常规条件下均有良好的抗反射裂缝性能,但是水损坏对WTR/APAO的抗裂性能影响较大,长期老化后WTR和WTR/APAO的抗反射裂缝性能大大降低.3种应力吸收层的OT试验最大荷载-周期数曲线符合幂函数变化规律.

Human small intestine is capable of restoring barrier function after short ischemic periods

AIM To assess intestinal barrier function during human intestinal ischemia and reperfusion(IR).METHODS In a human experimental model,6 cm of jejunum was selectively exposed to 30 min of ischemia(I) followed by 30 and 120 min of reperfusion(R). A sham procedure was also performed. Blood and tissue was sampled at all-time points. Functional barrier function was assessed using dual-sugar absorption tests with lactulose(L) and rhamnose(R). Plasma concentrations of citrulline,an amino acid described as marker for enterocyte function were measured as marker of metabolic enterocytes restoration. Damage to the epithelial lining was assessed by immunohistochemistry for tight junctions( TJs),by plasma marker for enterocytes damage(I-FABP) and analyzed by electron microscopy(EM) using lanthanum nitrate as an electrondense marker.RESULTS Plasma L/R ratio's were significantly increased after 30 min of ischemia(30 I) followed by 30 min of reperfusion(30 R) compared to control(0.75 ± 0.10 vs 0.20 ± 0.09,P < 0.05). At 120 min of reperfusion(120 R),ratio's normalized(0.17 ± 0.06) and were not significantly different from control. Plasma levels of I-FABP correlated with plasma L/R ratios measured at the same time points(correlation: 0.467,P < 0.01). TJs staining shows distortion of staining at 30 I. An intact lining of TJs was again observed at 30 I120 R. Electron microscopy analysis revealed disrupted TJs after 30 I with paracellular leakage of lanthanum nitrate,which restored after 30 I120 R. Furthermore,citrulline concentrations closely paralleled the histological perturbations during intestinal IR.CONCLUSION This study directly correlates histological data with intestinal permeability tests,revealing that the human gut has the ability of to withstand short episodes of ischemia,with morphological and functional recovery of the intestinal barrier within 120 min of reperfusion.

Effect of dynamic loading conditions on the dynamic performance of MP1 energy-absorbing rockbolts:Insight from laboratory drop test

Energy-absorbing rockbolts have been widely adopted in burst-prone excavation support, and their serviceability is closely related to the frequency and magnitude of seismic events. In this research, the splittube drop test with varying impact energy was conducted to reproduce the dynamic performance of MP1rockbolts under a wide range of seismic event magnitudes. The test results showed that the impact process could be subdivided into four distinct stages, i.e. mobilization, strain hardening, plastic flow(ductile), and rebound stage, of which strain hardening and plastic flow are the primary energy absorbing stages. As the impact energy per drop increases from 8.1 to 46.7 k J, the strain rate of the shank varies between 1.20 and 2.70 s^(-1), and the average impact load is between 240 and 270kN, which may be considered as constant. The MP1 rockbolt has a cumulative maximum energy absorption(CMEA) of 31.9–40.0 k J/m, with an average of 35.0 k J/m, and the elongation rate is 11.4%–14.7%, with an average of 12.7%, both of which are negatively correlated with the impact energy per drop. Regression analysis shows that energy absorption and shank elongation, as well as momentum input and impact duration,conform to the linear relationship. The complete dynamic capacity envelope of MP1 rockbolts is proposed, which reflects the dynamic bearing capacity, elongation, and distinct stages. This study is helpful to better understand the dynamic characteristics of energy-absorbing rockbolts and assist design engineers in robust reinforcement systems design to mitigate rockburst damage in seismically active underground excavations.

双壳体核电厂空间减震结构的竖向动力试验研究

为降低核电厂内安全壳的竖向加速度,提出了一种双壳体空间减震结构,基于该结构的力学特性建立了简化三质点三自由度动力模型,进一步给出了结构响应传递函数并进行了参数分析,明确了结构质量比、阻尼比和频率比对结构竖向地震响应的影响规律,完成了双壳体空间减震结构的缩尺振动台动力试验。结果表明:双壳体空间减震结构可减小内安全壳的竖向加速度,减震率为12.23%~27.84%。双壳体空间减震结构的振动台试验响应结果与理论计算值吻合较好,验证了所提出的双壳体空间减震结构简化模型的准确性以及双壳体空间减震系统的有效性。

支架固定馆藏人物俑文物振动台试验研究

为研究博物馆最常用的支架固定措施固定馆藏人物俑文物的抗震有效性,开展了两类典型体型易损、材质易损人物俑文物复制品‐支架固定措施抗震系统足尺振动台试验研究。获得了人物俑在不同工况下的地震响应及人物俑与支架间的相互作用,探讨人物俑关键体型参数、金属支架卡固位置、支架尺寸、固定措施与人物俑间安装缝隙对该类文物运动状态的影响,评估了支架固定措施的抗震有效性并提出了合理建议,为兼顾安全性及最小干预原则的支架固定人物俑文物的优化设计提供必要依据。研究结果表明:浮放人物俑均发生倾覆,具有极大震损风险;采用支架固定后可有效降低人物俑的摇摆响应,随着人物俑复制品的质心高度与底座宽度比值增加以及其质量增大,较小尺寸支架发生明显塑性变形甚至根部断裂,导致人物俑倾覆并损坏;随着支架尺寸的增加,其对文物固定效果的提高作用有限,基于文物保护最小干预原则,综合考虑文物的抗震安全及艺术展示效果,优化支架尺寸;支架固定人物俑肩部时,人物俑摇摆响应得到一定控制,但随着支架固定位置的提高,人物俑滑移响应愈加明显;当支架与人物俑相互作用时,人物俑表面出现明显损伤,在两者缝隙填充硅胶垫,人物俑的摇摆响应和滑移响应分别降低近40%和50%,支架根部应变下降近40%,人物俑与支架接触处应变下降近60%,有效提高了支架固定措施的抗震有效性。

轴向串联式吸能管的缓冲吸能特性

针对工程技术领域的碰撞载荷削峰减载问题,采用数值模拟与试验相结合的方法研究了轴向串联式吸能管的吸能特性:首先基于材料高速拉伸试验,构建吸能管的材料Johnson-Cook动态本构参数,并对拟合参数有效性进行评估;随后通过数值模拟与高速冲击试验研究高速撞击过程中吸能管的缓冲吸能特性,评估仿真与试验的一致性;最终通过数值模拟对吸能管轴向串联构型与单管构型之间的吸能评价指标开展对比分析。分析研究表明:数值模拟与冲击试验的变形模式、载荷曲线、吸能评价指标均吻合较好,材料性能参数准确,仿真预示方法有效,高速冲击试验方案合理可信;与相同结构参数的串联构型吸能管相比,单管构型吸能管在压缩过程中会出现非轴对称、不稳定的扭曲变形,单管构型的有效压缩行程减小了13%,峰值载荷提高了33.4%,撞击瞬间载荷提高了15%,平均压缩力提高了13%,载荷峰均比提高了17.7%;吸能管的串联构型是更为理想的缓冲吸能结构。

过滤吸油用PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的性能测试研究

以不同质量比的聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)为原料制得PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布,测试分析了PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的性能。结果表明:PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的纤网呈现蓬松杂乱的三维结构,纤维直径较细,孔隙率较高;随着PE添加比例增大,PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的面密度和厚度增大,拉伸断裂强力、顶破强力略有下降,硬挺度下降,透气性增大;当PP/PE质量比为73时,PP/PE双组分熔喷非织造布的水接触角在129°左右,吸油倍数为18.75,20 s内吸油高度为1.7 mm,空气过滤效率为56.82%,综合性能较好,可应用于过滤、吸油等领域。

同种抗-C、e伴类同种抗-e、Jk b自身抗体的鉴定及输血治疗

目的应用吸收放散和效价积分法对1例抗-C、e同种抗体合并抗-e、Jk b类同种自身抗体进行鉴别诊断。方法采用试管法对ABO、Rh和Kidd血型抗原进行鉴定;盐水、凝聚胺、微柱凝胶3种方法联用2套谱细胞进行抗体筛查及抗体特异性鉴定;多重吸收放散试验和效价积分原则对抗体进一步确认;多重PCR技术对RHCE基因、JK基因进行测序。结果通过血清学分析,该患者血型为A型、Rh分型ccDEE,直抗阳性。结合不同的Rh和Jk表型细胞吸收放散试验以及效价积分原则得出患者血清中含有抗-C、e同种抗体以及抗-e、Jk b类同种自身抗体,红细胞上有抗-e、Jk b类同种自身抗体。基因测序分析RHCE基因第5外显子676位出现G>C,其余外显子没有发生突变,推断Rh分型ccEE型;JK基因中第9外显子838 G/A杂合,Jk血型表型Jk(a+b+),选择交叉配血相合的A型ccDEE、Jk(a+b-)红细胞给患者输注,输血效果良好。结论应用吸收放散试验和效价积分法对患者血清进行抗体鉴定,以及血清学结合分子生物学对患者红细胞表型鉴定,可综合分析及区分出抗体的类型,为患者精准输血提供方案。

异功散中人参皂苷类成分在脾虚大鼠模型肠吸收动力学变化及其陈皮的影响

目的基于脾虚大鼠模型探讨异功散中陈皮对人参皂苷类成分肠吸收变化的影响及其影响是否与P-gp蛋白外排作用有关。方法分组设计加入P-gp蛋白激动剂利福平与抑制剂维拉帕米,将36只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组(6只)与模型组(30只),予以皮下注射利血平建立脾虚模型后将模型组分为异功散组(Y组)、去陈皮异功散组(Y-C组)、异功散利福平组(Y+R组)、去陈皮异功散利福平组(Y-C+R组)、去陈皮异功散维拉帕米组(Y-C+V组),以人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re及人参皂苷Rg1为指标成分,进行在体单向肠灌流实验,采用HPLC-MS测定指标成分含量并计算肠吸收动力学参数有效渗透系数(P_(eff))与吸收速率常数(K_(a))。结果与Y组相比,Y-C组中人参皂苷Rb1和人参皂苷Re在多个灌流时段的P_(eff)显著降低,Y+R组中人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re及人参皂苷Rg1的P_(eff)和K_(a)在多个灌流时段降低,表明陈皮促进人参皂苷Rb1和人参皂苷Re肠吸收且该作用与P-gp蛋白活性有关,但未能影响人参皂苷Rg1的肠吸收;与Y-C组相比,Y-C+V组中P-gp蛋白抑制剂维拉帕米使人参皂苷Rb1和人参皂苷Re在多个灌流时段P_(eff)显著升高,而Y-C+R组中P-gp蛋白激动剂利福平使人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re及人参皂苷Rg1的P_(eff)和K_(a)在多个灌流时段显著降低,说明无陈皮干预下,人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Re及人参皂苷Rg1也可能是P-gp蛋白的底物。结论异功散中陈皮通过发挥抑制P-gp蛋白活性的类维拉帕米作用来促进人参皂苷Rb1和人参皂苷Re肠吸收。

塔式太阳能吸热器曲面涂层吸收率测试方法研究

吸热器涂层吸收率的准确测量对吸热器性能评估、优化具有重要意义。目前吸热器涂层吸收率的实验研究大多局限于平面金属基材。以塔式太阳能熔盐吸热器圆柱形吸热管为研究对象,提出蓝丁胶法和漫反射盒法2种广泛适用的测量曲面涂层吸收率测试方法。蓝丁胶法器材准备简单,操作复杂;漫反射盒法器材准备复杂,操作简单。2种方法在测量过程中隔绝环境光线干扰,得到各种涂层附着于平板和圆管表面的测量吸收率,通过不同涂层在平板和圆管上的吸收率对应关系建立拟合曲线,从而修正测量数据得到吸热管涂层吸收率,拟合曲线精确性R^(2)≥0.995;不遮光条件下直接测量2.5cm直径吸热管吸收率,最大相对误差为13.39%,使用蓝丁胶法和漫反射盒法后相对误差分别降为0.27%和0.45%,2种方法各点结果相对误差之差小于0.30%,测量过程中涂层吸收率越大,各因素对测量结果影响越小;在蓝丁胶测试方法中,吸热管直径越大,测得的吸收率越小。

吸湿排汗功能织物研究现状及展望

文章针对影响织物吸湿排汗性能的因素,从润湿芯吸和蒸发排汗两个方面进行分析,介绍吸湿排汗过程中水分传递及分布的测试方法,综述织物吸湿排汗过程的理论模型,包括毛细管芯吸模型和蒸发排汗模型。研究发现,针对织物内部水分芯吸传递的理论研究还比较匮乏。最后,结合纺织品的发展现状与趋势,对吸湿排汗织物未来的研究重点、应用前景和绿色化生产进行展望,为织物性能优化与舒适性面料开发提供参考。

基于TLP浮式风机的分块垂荡点吸式波浪能装置的实验研究

面对海洋中庞大的波浪能资源,如何对其高效利用是目前仍需解决的一大难题。针对中国南海海域周期短、波高小的海况特点,本文提出一种与张力腿式平台(TLP)相结合的分块垂荡点吸收式波浪能装置模型。通过物理水池试验,测量分析分块浮子的水动力特性和波能捕获效率,同时与传统浮子的性能进行对比,探讨浮子分块后波浪能装置获能的优化效果。结果表明,分块浮子呈现出新的水动力特性,在低海况下装置对短周期波的能量捕获效率得到大幅提升,但在特定浪向角下会显著增大依附平台的纵摇运动,需要进一步优化张紧式系泊系统。

一种组合式二级缓冲吸能装置的吸能特性研究

基于胀管和泡沫铝的缓冲吸能特性,以能量吸收值为设计目标,提出了一种新型二级缓冲吸能装置设计方法,并通过准静态压缩试验和落锤冲击试验验证了该方法的有效性。试验结果表明:该二级装置可实现预期的多级梯度应力平台。建立了二级缓冲吸能装置的有限元模型,通过仿真分析其在不同冲击工况下的动态响应和能量变化特征,该装置泡沫铝和胀管部分吸能占比可达80%,且更换主要耗能部分后其余构件可实现重复使用,并针对其失效模式提出优化方法,有效增加耗能材料的利用率和装置的整体稳定性。

纤维增强复合材料缠绕管桩弯曲冲击吸能试验与模拟

纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced polymer, FRP)具有较高的比强度、优异的耐腐蚀性、灵活的可设计性等优点。为解决桥梁防船撞难题,提出一种缠绕成型的FRP管桩抵御船舶撞击。分别改变管桩的壁厚、缠绕角度和冲击能量,开展弯曲冲击试验,对比分析各试件的破坏模式、动力时程响应及撞击过程中能量耗散情况。结果表明,纤维缠绕角度会改变试件的破坏模式,±75°缠绕角度的试件发生了剪切破坏,而±45°缠绕角度的试件仅在冲击区域发生局部破坏,且能恢复变形;增大壁厚能有效减小试件变形,但撞击力峰值会随之增大。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立了冲击试验模型并进行有限元分析,数值模拟结果与试验值吻合较好。