6FDA型聚酰亚胺共聚物(6FDA-TMPDA/DABA)的合成及气体渗透性能测试

合成了含有易交联极性基团 -COOH的新型 6FDA型聚酰亚胺共聚物 (6FDA -TM PDA/DABA) .6FDA(4,4’ -六氟亚异丙基 -邻苯二甲酸酐 )为二酐单体 ,TMPDA(2 ,4 ,6 -三甲基 - 1,3-苯二胺 )和DABA(3,5 -二氨基苯甲酸 )为二胺单体 .采用乌氏粘度计、DSC(差分扫描量热 )和TGA(热重量分析 )测定了共聚物的比浓粘度、Tg(玻璃化转变温度 )和Td(热分解温度 ) .比浓粘度均高于 0 36 ,说明合成的聚合物有较大的分子量 .Tg 在DSC升温至 4 0 0℃时测量不到 ,Td 均在 5 2 0℃以上 ,显示出合成的共聚物有很好的热稳定性 .在 30℃和 10 132 5Pa下测试了摩尔比为 3∶1、9∶1(TMPDA∶DABA)共聚物的H2 、CO2 和N2 的纯气渗透系数 .结果显示两种共聚物均有很高的渗透系数和CO2 /N2 的理想分离系数 .其中 6FDA -TMPDA/DABA 9∶1体系的CO2 纯气渗透系数达到 1 12 5× 10 - 13m3·m/ (m2 ·s·Pa)

Characteristic of Gravity and Magnetic Anomalies in the Daba Shan and the Sichuan basin, China: Implication for Architecture of the Daba Shan

The Dabashan nappe structural belt links the Hannan block to the west with the Huangling block to the east between Yangxian and Xiangfan. The Dabashan arc-shaped fold belt formed during late Jurassic and was superposed on earlier Triassic folds. To achieve an improved understanding of the deep tectonics of the Dabashan nappe structural belt, we processed and interpreted the gravity and magnetic data for this area using new deep reflection seismic and other geophysical data as constraints. The results show that the Sichuan basin and Daba Mountains lie between the Longmenshan and Wulingshan gravity gradient belts. The positive magnetic anomalies around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao and around Shizhu result from the crystalline basement. Modeling of the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Daba Mountains and the Sichuan basin shows that the crystalline basement around Nanchong-Tongjiang-Wanyuan-Langao extends to the northeast underneath the Wafangdian fault near Ziyang. The magnetic field boundary in the Zhenba-Wanyuan-Chengkou-Zhenping area is the major boundary of the Dabashan nappe thrusting above the Sichuan Basin. This boundary might be the demarcation between the south Dabashan and the north Dabashan structural elements. The low gravity anomaly between Tongjiang and Chengkou might be partly caused by thickened lower crust. The local low gravity anomaly to the south of Chengkou-Wanyuan might result from Mesozoic strata of low density in the Dabashan foreland depression area.

The value of vegetation ecosystem services:a case of Qinling-Daba Mountains

According to differences in vegetation types and their coverage, combining the latest research, using theory and method on the value of vegetation ecosystem services, this paper not only calculated goods produced by different types of vegetation but also estimated the value of various vegetation ecosystem services and set up database, GIS and eco-account of vegetation ecosystem. The result was as follows: the value of vegetation's primary productivity, soil and fertility conservation, water conservation, CO 2 fixation and O 2 release was 199.6 billion yuan/a, 22.64 billion yuan/a, 22.66 billion yuan/a, 352.24 billion yuan/a and 374.19 billion yuan/a, respectively. The total value of ecosystem services was 968.33 billion yuan/a. The temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest contribution rate, accounting for 16.42%. The result of value can reflect regional reality more exactly.

Equilibrium between Clinopyroxene and Host Rocks:Implication for the Magmatic Source and Evolution of Alkali Basalts of the Taohekou Formation in the Northern Daba Mountains,China

The Taohekou Formation is a volcanic-sedimentary terrane formed in the early Silurian in the northern Daba Mountains, China. The volcanic rocks, with dominant alkali basalts and minor mantle xenoliths, are enriched in clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Geochemical analysis shows that the composition of clinopyroxenes from different lithofacies has a close affinity. There is a liner correlation present in composition of clinopyroxenes （including phenocryst, microcrystal and xenocryst） from coarse porphyritic basalts, pillow or fine porphyritic basalts to amygdaloidal basalts. All the cllnopyroxenes, except the clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths, show a similar pattern of trace elements and REE, which indicates that they are likely products of successive fractional crystallization from cognate magma. Clinopyroxenes in mantle xenoliths, however, are mantle xenocrysts. The crystallization pressure of clinopyroxenes gradually decreases from mantle xenolith, deep-seated xenocryst, coarse porphritic basalts, pillow or fine porphritic basalts, to amygdaloidal basalts, which are 1.92-4.41 GPa, 1.18-2.36 GPa, 1.13-2.05 GPa, 0.44-0.62 GPa and 0.14-0.28 GPa respectively. Calculation results suggest that the primary magma originated from a mantle region deeper than 68 km and stagnates in intervals of 37-68 kin, 15-20 km and 5-9 km during its ascent. The alkali basalts are characterized by increasing concentrations of Si and alkaline with the magmatic evolution. Meanwhile, they are markedly enriched in LREE, and the patterns of trace elements and REE are similar to those of oceanic island basalts.

Zircon Geochronology and Trace Element Geochemistry from the Xiaozhen Copper Deposit, North Daba Mountain: Constraints on Albitites Petrogenesis

Albitite often accompanies with various metal and gem mineral deposits and a large number of occurrences have been reported globally, including the South Qinling orogen, China. The Xiaozhen copper deposit is a typical deposit in the North Daba Mountain area of the South Qinling orogen whose distribution is controlled by albitite veins and fractures. As there are few studies on the petrogenesis of albitite in Xiaozhen copper deposit, this paper focuses on the petrogenesis of albitite and its mineralization age. Detailed fieldwork and mineral microscopic observations initially suggest that albitite from the Xiaozhen copper deposit is igneous in origin. Further zircon trace element geochemistry studies indicate that these zircons have high Th/U ratios（〉0.5）, low La content, high（Sm/La）N and Ce/Ce＊values, and a strong negative Eu anomaly, which are commonly seen in magmatic zircons. The chondrite–normalized rare earth element（REE） patterns are consistent with magmatic zircons from throughout the world, and they fall within or near the field of magmatic zircons on discriminant diagrams. The calculated average apparent Ti–in–zircon temperature for young zircons is 780°C, consistent with magmatic zircon crystallization temperatures. Therefore, zircon geochemistry indicates that the albitite origin is magmatic. SIMS U–Pb dating on nine magmatic zircons yielded a concordia age of 154.8±2.2 Ma, which represents the formation of albitite and the metallogenic age. More importantly, it is consistent with the ages of Yanshanian magmatism and metallogenesis in the South Qinling orogen, so formation of the Xiaozhen copper deposit may be a closely related geological event.

Changing the Daba Mountains with Wisdom and Sweat

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Genesis of Daba arcuate structural belt related to adjacent basement upheavals:Constraints from Fission-track and (U-Th)/He thermochronology

Fission-track, (U-Th)/He thermochronology, and cooling properties indicate that the southern Daba arcuate zone (SDBAZ) underwent a distinctive phase of rapid cooling in 153-100 Ma at a rate of 1.44-1.90°C/Ma. This rapid uplifting strongly contrasts with (1) the previous, rapid foreland subsidence during Early to Middle Jurassic in response to late-orogenic compression from the Qinling belt, (2) the succeeding long, slow cooling phase and relative thermal stability that occurred during the 100-45 Ma period. This rapid cooling event in the SDBAZ parallels those experienced by two adjacent upheavals of Huangling (HLUZ) and Hannan-Micang (HMUZ), with cooling rates of 2.22-3.17°C/Ma for the HLUZ in 160-126 Ma, 4.91°C/Ma for the southern HMUZ in 150-125 Ma, as well as 2.11°C/Ma for the northern HMUZ in 150-105 Ma. Comparing thermal histories among the SDBAZ, the HLUZ, the HMUZ, and the Wudang metamorphic zone (WDMZ), we infer that the Daba arcuate structural belt formed in 153-100 Ma. The combined dating data support a correlation with a low-angle arcuate south-thrusting of the Qinling orogen triggered by northward convergence of the Yangtze Craton, contemporaneously encountering rigid basement obstructions from the HLUZ and the HMUZ, respectively. Both the SDBAZ and neighboring domains additionally underwent a comparatively fast cooling and uplift since about 45 Ma.

Exhumation and Deformation of the Daba Shan Orocline as Determined from Modern River Sands Apatite Fission-Track

The Daba Shan orocline is located at the northeastern margin of the Sichuan Basin and has been inferred as a foreland thrust-fold belt of the Qinling Orogen since the Late Triassic.A complete understanding of rock exhumation history is critical to elucidate how and when this typical orocline structure is developed.Detrital apatite fission-track dating of modern river sands is employed to reveal the regional exhumation history of the Daba Shan orocline.Four age peaks are identified and interpreted as the results of tectonic exhumation.Two older age peaks at ~150–140 and ~116–86 Ma are agreement with two main shortening deformation episodes of the Yanshanian Movement in the eastern China.The other two younger age peaks at ~69 and ~37 Ma support that the Daba Shan was reactivated by the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic deformation which were likely related to the subduction of the Pacific Ocean and eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau,respectively.It is worth noting that in contrast to the ~150–140 Ma rapid rock uplift and exhumation,the Middle Cretaceous exhumation(~116–86 Ma) shifted southward and continued to spread to southern tips of the Daba Shan.These exhumation variations in temporal and spatial allow a southward thrust deformation with piggyback style during the Yanshanian.

不同地形梯度下秦巴山区乡村振兴潜力及发展路径

我国山地丘陵地区在空间上相对孤立,乡村发展受到阻碍。开展不同地形梯度下乡村振兴潜力及发展路径研究,旨在为山区因地制宜推进乡村振兴提供理论与科学依据。基于陕南秦巴山区地形差异开展典型村域调研,构建评价指标体系测度乡村振兴潜力,结合相关性与障碍度模型,辨识不同地形梯度下乡村振兴的障碍因素,提出差异化发展建议。结果表明:①各地形梯度下乡村振兴综合潜力由大到小依次为低地形梯度、中低地形梯度、高地形梯度、中高地形梯度,地形梯度与秦巴山区乡村振兴综合潜力及区位条件、基础设施潜力成显著负相关关系;②随着地形梯度的上升,秦巴山区乡村主体、产业发展、人居环境、区位条件、基础设施潜力整体上呈减小趋势,资源禀赋潜力先减小后增大;③不同地形梯度下秦巴山区乡村振兴各维度潜力大小及其障碍因子皆存在明显差异。为优化山区乡村发展模式、全面推进乡村振兴,建议低地形梯度村庄重点防止人口、耕地等农业生产要素流失,中低地形梯度村庄优化基层组织、提升引领能力,中高梯度村庄加强基础设施建设、改善人居环境,高地形梯度村庄充分保护并合理利用林地资源,发展特色产业。

乡村振兴背景下脱贫山区乡村韧性演变及影响因素--以陕南秦巴山区为例

探究乡村振兴背景下乡村韧性动态演变及影响因素,对于脱贫山区推进乡村全面振兴与实现乡村可持续发展具有重要意义。陕南秦巴山区受脆弱生态环境以及薄弱经济基础的双重胁迫,脱贫乡村发展与农户生计仍面临不确定性风险。以陕南秦巴山区28个县区为例,将乡村韧性分解为经济、社会、生态以及制度四个维度,构建乡村韧性指标体系并对其进行量化,运用GIS技术和地理探测器探究乡村韧性的时空演变及影响因素。结果显示:(1)陕南秦巴山区2010—2021年乡村韧性整体呈先下降后上升的趋势。社会韧性与经济韧性变化较小,制度韧性逐年上升,生态韧性逐年下降。(2)近10年土地资源利用、文化教育等是乡村韧性分异的主导因子,且制约因子由生态维度转向社会维度,乡村基础教育与农业生产效率影响程度不断加深,土地利用与人口结构的作用不断减弱。(3)依据研究区乡村振兴背景下面临的现实问题,针对各县区乡村韧性提升的短板和关键影响因子,从产业、人才、组织、文化、生态五大振兴出发提出了脱贫山区韧性提升的建设路径及对策。乡村产业振兴方面应打造新兴产业集群,提升农业现代化水平;乡村人才振兴方面应开展农户就业扶持活动,政策吸引人才返乡下乡;乡村文化振兴方面应推进教育新型基础设施建设,建立农民群众文化需求反馈机制;乡村生态振兴方面应优化农业生产结构和区域布局,盘活耕地资源促进绿色生产;乡村组织振兴方面应探索多元组织协作,全面建立健全村务监督委员会,为未来脱贫山区韧性建设提供了参考依据。

森林生态效益补偿优先级机制研究及应用——基于碳汇总量与变化量视角

森林生态效益补偿制度对于提高森林建设者积极性、促进森林生态效益提升具有重要意义。然而,我国森林生态效益补偿实践中依然存在仅以森林面积为补偿依据导致激励错位的问题。基于此,结合国家“双碳”目标,提出一种基于碳汇总量与变化量双向视角的综合森林生态效益补偿优先级机制,选取我国重要生态功能区秦巴山区为案例,分别从森林碳汇总量与变化量视角量化各区县生态补偿优先级,并构建二者结合的综合优先级模型,以促进在生态补偿实践中的资金分配公平性与激励性。研究发现,(1)在研究期内大多区县森林碳汇总量增长,但存在个别区县森林碳汇功能降低的现象,具体原因存在差异;(2)碳汇总量优先级与碳汇变化量优先级清单存在差异。总量优先级高的区县,变化量优先级较低,因此,生态补偿应综合考虑各区县森林碳汇在两个维度的表现;(3)综合优先级排名结果呈现“高值-中值-低值”的不同区间特征,该补偿机制在综合优先级高值区激励区县扩建森林、新增森林碳汇,在中值区激励区县保育森林,在低值区鼓励区县结合森林现状从扩建与保育两个方向提升森林碳汇功能。以森林碳汇保育与增汇成果为导向,有效探索碳汇功能在生态补偿中的实践价值,为我国区域森林生态效益补偿实践的公平性与科学性提供研究基础。

秦巴山区国土空间格局演变特征及驱动力分析

[目的]科学认知秦巴山区城镇空间、农业空间和生态空间的时空演化过程与形成机理,是助力全国空间发展格局统筹协调和推动中西部崛起的关键,更是地区高质量转型发展的迫切需求。[方法]基于空间转移矩阵、地形位分析和随机森林回归等方法,从“格局规模―地形位置”2个维度切入,研究2000-2020年间秦巴山区国土空间时空演化特征与驱动机制。[结果](1)近20年秦巴山区城镇剧烈扩张、农业和生态空间持续缩减,占比58.33%的县区人口减少的同时城镇用地依然呈扩张态势,“人口总量―城镇规模”出现严重两极分化;(2)城镇、农业空间“上山爬坡”、生态空间“下谷”现象明显,新增城镇和农业空间平均上移1~2个地形位,下游丹江口水库坝体加高工程对山区整体国土空间分布梯度产生显著影响;(3)“农业空间―生态空间”动态调整置换是秦巴山区主导转换类型,财政支出的影响作用最为显著;农业空间是新增城镇的主要来源,同时秦巴山区城镇退化为农业、生态空间的规模显著;(4)国土开发政策、山地地形属性、交通区位条件和社会经济因素共同制约影响秦巴山区国土空间演化结果,各类型因素在不同转换方向上的作用强度和显著因子数量有明显差异。[结论]推动新增城镇向重点开发区集中,科学引导农业和生态空间顺应地形梯度布局,慎重进行水利工程建设,整体谋划区域“三区三线”布局,将对秦巴山区国土空间格局优化起到积极影响。

秦巴山地极端气候变化特征及其对植被动态的影响

[目的]为探究秦巴山地极端气候事件的时空变化及其对植被的影响。[方法]基于秦巴山地及其周边115个气象站逐日气象资料(1960—2020年)及MODIS NDVI数据集(2000—2020年),分析秦巴山地NDVI的时空变化特征及其对19个极端气候指数的响应,并利用地理探测器定量评估极端气候指数对NDVI的影响。[结果](1)2000—2020年秦巴山地大部分区域NDVI呈显著增加趋势(80.34%),少数区域呈显著下降趋势(1.09%),研究区年际变化速率约为0.03/10 a。(2)1960—2020年秦巴山地经历显著增温,夜间增温幅度大于白天,极端气温事件变化幅度较大的区域主要集中在西秦岭;极端降水事件呈微弱变化,具有明显的空间分异,研究区西南部极端降水强度增加,东部极端降水强度降低,极端降水频率增加。(3)极端降水事件是影响西秦岭地区NDVI的主要因素,而极端气温事件是影响秦岭和大巴山地区NDVI的主要因素;极端气候事件对NDVI的影响不是独立的,极端气候指数间的相互作用以双因子或非线性的方式增强单因子对NDVI的影响。[结论]揭示秦巴山地极端气候事件及植被动态的时空变化特征,明确两者间的相互关系,可为应对全球气候变化下秦巴山地植被保护与恢复提供科学依据。

秦巴山地植被冠层降雨截留时空分异特征及驱动因素

冠层截留研究对于了解区域水资源分配和评估生态水文功能至关重要,山地复杂多样的环境使其存在较大的不确定性,遥感的发展为揭示山地系统冠层截留的特征提供了机遇。以秦巴山地为研究区,基于降雨数据和叶面积指数遥感数据,耦合植被冠层降雨截留模型,定量模拟和分析秦巴山地2003—2020年植被冠层降雨截留能力及其时空变化特征,并验证其精确性;采用地理探测器、相关分析和约束线法探究冠层截留的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)与PML_V2数据集和实测数据相比,3.5以下的均方根误差和0.75以上的有效系数证实了A.P.J.DE ROO模型模拟的可靠性。(2)近18年截留量和截留率整体呈上升趋势,截留率在2015年发生逆转,由增(0.08%/a)向减(-0.15%/a)转变。(3)秦巴山地冠层截留总体上呈西部高山区和东北部边缘低,秦岭和大巴山区高的空间格局,其随海拔上升呈现“上升-稳定-下降”的分布特征;空间变化以上升趋势为主,显著下降的区域主要分布在汉江河谷的中心;低海拔区域变化差异较大,中海拔区域以显著增加为主,高海拔区域无显著变化。(4)叶面积指数和降雨量是影响冠层截留的主要因子,约束关系分别为正线型和正凸型;阔叶林截留率与小降雨事件的相关性高,针叶林、灌丛截留率与强降雨事件相关性较强,气候因子对冠层截留的影响在类别和解释程度上存在空间差异。研究可为区域尺度冠层截留的估测提供思路,且有助于评估气候变化背景下生态系统对水循环的影响。

基于RUSLE模型的秦岭—大巴山地土壤侵蚀时空特征分析

[目的]秦岭—大巴山地(秦巴山地)是我国重要的南北地理—生态过渡带主体,对秦巴山地的土壤侵蚀研究将有助于该区域的生态保护和水土资源管理。[方法]基于RUSLE模型计算秦巴山地的土壤侵蚀模数,并量化分析了该区域的土壤侵蚀的时空分布格局。[结果](1)2000—2020年秦巴山地的微度侵蚀面积呈上升趋势,轻度侵蚀及其以上等级的土壤侵蚀面积均呈下降趋势;从空间来看,秦巴山地东北和西南部的土壤侵蚀等级较高,中间较低;(2)秦巴山地的土壤侵蚀相对集中在500~1500 m、坡度15°~25°区域内;(3)秦巴山地发生土壤侵蚀最主要的土地利用类型为林地,耕地、林地的微度侵蚀以及草地的微度、剧烈侵蚀面积呈上升趋势;(4)秦巴山地土壤侵蚀主要分布在陕西、四川和甘肃,且甘肃和四川的剧烈侵蚀呈上升趋势。[结论]2000—2020年秦巴山地的侵蚀面积和强度呈“双下降”的态势,其整体侵蚀状况好转,但侵蚀分布存在明显空间差异。

秦巴山区生态系统服务供需与人类活动强度的时空变化及其耦合关系

生态系统服务的供需关系人类自身福祉,人类活动又是影响生态系统服务供需的主要因素,将两者进行耦合性分析,对提升区域生态环境质量提供切实可行的依据。在评估秦巴山区2000—2018年生态系统服务供需基础上,构建人类活动强度指标,并通过四象限分析模型,将生态系统服务供需和人类活动相耦合,来探究秦巴山区的生态环境质量状况。研究结果表明:(1)2000—2018年秦巴山区生态系统服务盈余量丰富,4种生态系统服务处于盈余状态,并且生态系统服务的供需空间特征的差异性越来越明显。(2)人类活动强度在空间上有明显的空间异质性,从东向西人类活动强度逐渐减小,高值区主要在人口集聚的城区,低值区在高山寒冷区。(3)秦巴山区大面积区域生态环境质量较好,但是也有13.64%的像元和20个县是处于生态环境质量较差的水平。通过近几年的生态工程的实施,秦巴山区的生态环境质量还是得到了很大的提升。通过生态系统供需和人类活动耦合研究,可以为山区分区调控管理和生态环境质量的提升具有一定的借鉴意义。

小鼠静脉注射3，15－二乙酰苯甲酰乌头宁后血及脑中药物含量的变化

小鼠ｉｖ３，１５－二乙酰苯甲酰乌头宁５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１后，血药－时曲线符合开放型二房室模型，其Ｔ 及Ｔ 分别为０．９９及２６．６２ｍｉｎ，脑药－时曲线表明给药后３０ｍｉｎ浓度达高峰，９０ｍｉｎ后浓度显著下降。

3，15－二乙酰苯甲酰乌头宁镇痛作用与中枢Ca^（2＋）的关系

采用小鼠热板法测痛，脑室注射ＣａＣｌ０．３ｕｍｏｌ及皮下注射维拉帕米５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的镇痛作用均无明显影响，脑室注射乙二醇双醚四乙酸（ＥＧＴＡ）５ｎｍｏｌ可增强ＤＡＢＡ的镇痛作用，结果揭示ＤＡＢＡ的镇痛作用可能与中枢无明显关系。

分布式对象模型实践

随着组件、中间件等分布式技术的深入应用,分布式对象模型的设计受到了越来越广泛的关注。该文针对当前分布式对象模型设计中存在的问题,首先提出了远程接口和本地接口的概念,然后分析了一种基于RemoteFacade和DataTransferObject设计模式的解决方案,并详细介绍了基于DataTransferObject的应用解决方案,在文章的最后,提出了一种分布式对象模型的设计架构。

大巴山侏罗纪叠加褶皱与侏罗纪前陆

大巴山是NWW_SEE走向的中央造山带中惟一的向南凸出大型弧型褶皱带,与秦岭—大别造山带的构造特征明显不协调。研究表明,大巴山弧型构造卷入了侏罗纪地层,因此不属于三叠纪中央造山带。秦岭、大别山和大巴山最新的证据证实侏罗纪曾经发生陆内俯冲作用,大巴山是侏罗纪陆内造山作用的产物。大巴山西侧为典型的叠加褶皱变形样式,三叠纪近东西向褶皱叠加上近南北向褶皱构成横跨型干涉变形图像。由此,确立了侏罗纪复合前陆的存在,证明中国东部甚至亚洲东部侏罗纪陆内造山的广泛性,晚侏罗世的“燕山运动”是波及亚洲中东部的重要构造事件。