Detecting, real-time monitoring and early warning of underground water-bearing structures are critically important issues in prevention and mitigation of water inrush hazards in underground engineering. Direct current...Detecting, real-time monitoring and early warning of underground water-bearing structures are critically important issues in prevention and mitigation of water inrush hazards in underground engineering. Direct current （DC） resistivity method is a widely used method for routine detection, advanced detection and real-time monitoring of water-bearing structures, due to its high sensitivity to groundwater. In this study, the DC resistivity method applied to underground engineering is reviewed and discussed, including the observation mode, multiple inversions, and real-time monitoring. It is shown that a priori information constrained inversion is desirable to reduce the non-uniqueness of inversion, with which the accuracy of detection can be significantly improved. The focused resistivity method is prospective for advanced detection;with this method, the flanking interference can be reduced and the detection dis-tance is increased subsequently. The time-lapse resistivity inversion method is suitable for the regions with continuous conductivity changes, and it can be used to monitor water inrush in those regions. Based on above-mentioned features of various methods in terms of benefits and limitations, we propose a three-dimensional （3D） induced polarization method characterized with multi-electrode array, and introduce it into tunnels and mines combining with real-time monitoring with time-lapse inversion and cross-hole resistivity method. At last, the prospective applications of DC resistivity method are discussed as follows： （1） available advanced detection technology and instrument in tunnel excavated by tunnel boring machine （TBM）, （2） high-resolution detection method in holes, （3） four-dimensional （4D） monitoring technology for water inrush sources, and （4） estimation of water volume in water-bearing structures.展开更多
Due to the low impedance characteristic of the high voltage direct current(HVDC)grid,the fault current rises extremely fast after a DC-side fault occurs,and this phenomenon seriously endangers the safety of the HVDC g...Due to the low impedance characteristic of the high voltage direct current(HVDC)grid,the fault current rises extremely fast after a DC-side fault occurs,and this phenomenon seriously endangers the safety of the HVDC grid.In order to suppress the rising speed of the fault current and reduce the current interruption requirements of the main breaker(MB),a fault current limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker(FCL-HCB)has been proposed in this paper,and it has the capability of bidirectional fault current limiting and fault current interruption.After the occurrence of the overcurrent in the HVDC grid,the current limiting circuit(CLC)of FCL-HCB is put into operation immediately,and whether the protected line is cut off or resumed to normal operation is decided according to the fault detection result.Compared with the traditional hybrid DC circuit breaker(HCB),the required number of semiconductor switches and the peak value of fault current after fault occurs are greatly reduced by adopting the proposed device.Extensive simulations also verify the effectiveness of the proposed FCL-HCB.展开更多
建立模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevelconverters,MMC)的电磁暂态数学模型以及采用MMC为变流器的高压直流输电系统(high voltage direct current,HVDC)直流侧电压的动态数学模型。在此基础上,分析HVDC系统的直流侧电压动态特性,给...建立模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevelconverters,MMC)的电磁暂态数学模型以及采用MMC为变流器的高压直流输电系统(high voltage direct current,HVDC)直流侧电压的动态数学模型。在此基础上,分析HVDC系统的直流侧电压动态特性,给出HVDC控制器参数协调设计原则和算法。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC的数字仿真结果证明了所提出的HVDC控制系统参数协调设计原则和算法的正确性。展开更多
随着基于电压源型换流器的柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)技术的快速发展,十几年间世界范围内已建成数十个各种不同电压等级的VSC-HVDC工程。根据交流电网的发展历史,未来构建大...随着基于电压源型换流器的柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)技术的快速发展,十几年间世界范围内已建成数十个各种不同电压等级的VSC-HVDC工程。根据交流电网的发展历史,未来构建大规模直流电网是必然趋势。然而直流电网必须采用DC/DC变换器来充当直流变压器的角色,因此高效率、低成本的高压大容量DC/DC变换器是直流电网技术中亟待攻克的关键基础性课题。该文针对不同电压等级直流输电线路互联的技术需求,对经典低压DC/DC拓扑进行改造,推演出一系列基于容性能量转移原理的高压大容量DC/DC变换器拓扑,并揭示此类拓扑的演化规律和换流原理。相比传统变换器方案,该拓扑可降低器件数量,提升拓扑转换效率以及减小变换器体积重量。最后,通过仿真和实验验证基于容性能量转移原理的DC/DC变换器的可行性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) (Nos. 2013CB036002 and 2014CB046901)the National Key Technology R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2013BAK06B01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51139004)
文摘Detecting, real-time monitoring and early warning of underground water-bearing structures are critically important issues in prevention and mitigation of water inrush hazards in underground engineering. Direct current （DC） resistivity method is a widely used method for routine detection, advanced detection and real-time monitoring of water-bearing structures, due to its high sensitivity to groundwater. In this study, the DC resistivity method applied to underground engineering is reviewed and discussed, including the observation mode, multiple inversions, and real-time monitoring. It is shown that a priori information constrained inversion is desirable to reduce the non-uniqueness of inversion, with which the accuracy of detection can be significantly improved. The focused resistivity method is prospective for advanced detection;with this method, the flanking interference can be reduced and the detection dis-tance is increased subsequently. The time-lapse resistivity inversion method is suitable for the regions with continuous conductivity changes, and it can be used to monitor water inrush in those regions. Based on above-mentioned features of various methods in terms of benefits and limitations, we propose a three-dimensional （3D） induced polarization method characterized with multi-electrode array, and introduce it into tunnels and mines combining with real-time monitoring with time-lapse inversion and cross-hole resistivity method. At last, the prospective applications of DC resistivity method are discussed as follows： （1） available advanced detection technology and instrument in tunnel excavated by tunnel boring machine （TBM）, （2） high-resolution detection method in holes, （3） four-dimensional （4D） monitoring technology for water inrush sources, and （4） estimation of water volume in water-bearing structures.
基金This project is funded by the Dongying Science Development Fund Project(DJ2021013).
文摘Due to the low impedance characteristic of the high voltage direct current(HVDC)grid,the fault current rises extremely fast after a DC-side fault occurs,and this phenomenon seriously endangers the safety of the HVDC grid.In order to suppress the rising speed of the fault current and reduce the current interruption requirements of the main breaker(MB),a fault current limiting hybrid DC circuit breaker(FCL-HCB)has been proposed in this paper,and it has the capability of bidirectional fault current limiting and fault current interruption.After the occurrence of the overcurrent in the HVDC grid,the current limiting circuit(CLC)of FCL-HCB is put into operation immediately,and whether the protected line is cut off or resumed to normal operation is decided according to the fault detection result.Compared with the traditional hybrid DC circuit breaker(HCB),the required number of semiconductor switches and the peak value of fault current after fault occurs are greatly reduced by adopting the proposed device.Extensive simulations also verify the effectiveness of the proposed FCL-HCB.
文摘建立模块化多电平变流器(modular multilevelconverters,MMC)的电磁暂态数学模型以及采用MMC为变流器的高压直流输电系统(high voltage direct current,HVDC)直流侧电压的动态数学模型。在此基础上,分析HVDC系统的直流侧电压动态特性,给出HVDC控制器参数协调设计原则和算法。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC的数字仿真结果证明了所提出的HVDC控制系统参数协调设计原则和算法的正确性。
文摘随着基于电压源型换流器的柔性直流输电(voltage source converter based high voltage direct current,VSC-HVDC)技术的快速发展,十几年间世界范围内已建成数十个各种不同电压等级的VSC-HVDC工程。根据交流电网的发展历史,未来构建大规模直流电网是必然趋势。然而直流电网必须采用DC/DC变换器来充当直流变压器的角色,因此高效率、低成本的高压大容量DC/DC变换器是直流电网技术中亟待攻克的关键基础性课题。该文针对不同电压等级直流输电线路互联的技术需求,对经典低压DC/DC拓扑进行改造,推演出一系列基于容性能量转移原理的高压大容量DC/DC变换器拓扑,并揭示此类拓扑的演化规律和换流原理。相比传统变换器方案,该拓扑可降低器件数量,提升拓扑转换效率以及减小变换器体积重量。最后,通过仿真和实验验证基于容性能量转移原理的DC/DC变换器的可行性。
