基于限流电抗器两侧特定频段暂态能量比的MTDC电网单端量保护方案

柔性直流输电技术有利于未来大量分布式能源接入电网,而配置快速、可靠的保护方案是柔性直流技术发展的关键。基于直流电网等效模型,提出一种基于限流电抗器两侧电压特定频段暂态能量比差异性的单端量故障区域识别方法。该方法依据贝瑞隆等效模型计算出限流电抗器两侧电压比,通过广义S变换提取限流电抗器两侧特定频段电压,根据故障时正负极限流电抗器的电压幅值差的差异性实现故障选极。最后在PSCAD/EMTDC平台搭建仿真模型,分析出发生区内外故障时差异性明显,具备较强的耐过渡电阻与抗噪声干扰能力。

基于电磁时间反演的VSC-HVDC系统架空线-电缆混合线路故障定位方法

针对传统故障定位方法无法应用于架空线-电缆混合直流线路的问题,提出了一种架空线-电缆混合直流线路的故障定位方法,该方法采用先确定故障点所在区段、后在区段中定位的原理。利用故障附加网络的直流分量定义了故障区段判别函数,通过该判别函数在不同区段发生故障时数值不同实现故障区段的判定。然后,分析了电磁时间反演理论在故障定位中的可行性,分析确定了故障特征谐波。利用线路两端特征谐波的电流行进波作为时间反演电路的电流源,设置与原线路拓扑结构镜像的线路,利用时间反演电流源与镜像线路构建时间反演电路。在此基础上,根据时间反演的能量聚焦特性列写故障区段内的故障定位方程并实现区段内故障定位。利用PSCAD/EMTDC搭建的电压源型换流器高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)系统仿真证明了所提方法能实现线缆混合直流输电线路的故障定位。

基于单边调制映射函数的LCC-HVDC直流侧阻抗精确建模

阻抗模型是电网换相换流器型高压直流输电系统小信号稳定性分析的重要基础,阻抗模型的准确程度直接影响系统小扰动稳定性分析。该文首先从同步触发原理出发,引入基于单边调制产生的映射函数,该函数蕴含控制及换相信息,可以准确建立换相/非换相期间交直流侧的映射关系;其次,考虑换相动态并通过谐波线性化和傅里叶变换建立完整的直流侧电压和交流侧电流的频域小信号动态模型;再次,考虑控制和换流阀阻尼回路,建立整流侧和逆变侧直流阻抗解析模型;最后,以CIGRE高压直流标准测试模型为例,基于PSCAD/EMTDC平台验证了直流侧阻抗模型的准确性及其用于小扰动稳定性分析的有效性。

Dynamic physical characteristics of DC arc on arcing horn for HVDC grounding electrode line

The dynamic physical characteristics of a DC arc on an arcing horn for a high voltage direct current(HVDC)grounding electrode line are significantly different from those of the switching device arc,secondary arc,AC fault arc and pantograph-catenary arc.In this work,an experimental platform for the DC arc on the arcing horn was built,and mechanisms of the arc column short circuit and arc root movement were studied.This work further analyzes the characteristics and mechanisms of the arc motion when wind speed and direction,magnetic field and the expansion angle of the electrode are varied.Arc root movement is more likely to occur at the upper electrode.There is a competitive relationship between arc expansion and the transferring effect.The effect of wind on the arc column is greater than the effect on the arc root.The magnetic field has a significant driving effect on both the arc column and the arc root.The research results provide a comprehensive experimental basis for forther probing the method of DC arc suppression,and the improvement of the arcing horn.

Research on Total Electric Field PredictionMethod of Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line Based on Stacking Algorithm

Ultra-high voltage(UHV)transmission lines are an important part of China’s power grid and are often surrounded by a complex electromagnetic environment.The ground total electric field is considered a main electromagnetic environment indicator of UHV transmission lines and is currently employed for reliable long-term operation of the power grid.Yet,the accurate prediction of the ground total electric field remains a technical challenge.In this work,we collected the total electric field data from the Ningdong-Zhejiang±800 kV UHVDC transmission project,as of the Ling Shao line,and perform an outlier analysis of the total electric field data.We show that the Local Outlier Factor(LOF)elimination algorithm has a small average difference and overcomes the performance of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)and Isolated Forest elimination algorithms.Moreover,the Stacking algorithm has been found to have superior prediction accuracy than a variety of similar prediction algorithms,including the traditional finite element.The low prediction error of the Stacking algorithm highlights the superior ability to accurately forecast the ground total electric field of UHVDC transmission lines.

Correction of Observation Interference on Z component of Geomagnetic Field From DC Power Lines

为减小直流输电线路对地磁场观测的干扰,采用数学计算的方法精确求解了线路对地磁Z分量的干扰水平。以观测点为原点建立了地磁仪器观测点坐标系,推导了观测点坐标系各坐标轴在地心坐标系中的单位矢量表达式。根据空间矢量点积的定义,得到了空间电流磁场矢量投影到地磁Z分量方向的求解公式。利用推导的公式和直流线路电流磁场三维计算模型,最终求得直流线路对地磁Z分量观测的干扰水平。由此,开发了＂直流线路对地磁观测干扰校正系统＂,并开展了地磁台站和野外联合地磁观测干扰实验。结果表明,直流线路和地磁观测台站距离不超过10km时,提出的数学模型和计算方法误差不超过5%。

Research on Total Electric Field for DC Lines Converted from Double-Circuit AC Lines

With rapid growth of power demand, transmission capacity is also in urgent need of upgrading. In some cases, converting existing AC transmission lines to DC lines can Improve the transmission capacity and reduce the construction investment. In this paper, the upstream finite element method was expanded to calculate the total electric field of same tower multi-circuit DC lines converted from double-circuit AC lines, and the validity of the algorithm was confirmed by experiments. Taking a DC line converted from a typical same tower 500 kV double-circuit AC transmission line as an example, the surface electric field and the ground total electric field in different pole conductor arrangement schemes were calculated and analyzed, and the critical height of pole conductors for DC lines in residential and non-residential area were determined. Then, the corridor width of DC and AC lines at critical height in residential and non-residential areas before and after AC-DC line transformation were compared. The results indicate that for DC lines converted from common 500 kV double-circuit AC lines, the ground total electric field can meet the requirements of corresponding standard with appropriate pole conductor arrangement schemes.

A Novel Pilot Protection for VSC-HVDC Transmission Lines Based on Correlation Analysis

The control system of voltage source converter HVDC (VSC-HVDC) is complex and its fault tolerance ability is not sufficient, and correct rate of line protection device is not high. A novel pilot protection for VSC-HVDC transmission lines based on correlation analysis is proposed in this paper. In the principle, external fault is equivalent to a positive capacitance model, so the correlation coefficient of the current and voltage derivative is 1;while the internal fault is equivalent to a negative capacitance model, so the correlation coefficient of the current and voltage derivative is -1. Internal faults and external faults can be distinguished by judging the correlation coefficient. Theoretical analysis and PSCAD simulation experiments show that the new principle, which is simple, not affected by transition resistance, control type and line distributed capacitance current, can identify internal faults and external faults reliably and rapidly, having certain practical value.

Stability Analysis of a Multi Area System with Renewable Energy and Multi-Terminal DC Tie Lines

Security constrained multi area multi objective dynamic economic dispatch (SCMAMODED) with renewable energy (RE) and all the possible MTDC stability constraints is formulated for the first time. The stability merits of multi terminal DC (MTDC) tie lines as compared to the traditional HVAC forms the main objective of this paper. Probabilistic load flow (PLF) is applied to determine the system parameters while the uncertainties are modelled using Scenario Based Method (SBM). The simulation results reveal that with the use of MTDC tie lines, the frequency and voltage stability in the MAMODED with renewable energy sources (RES) are enhanced while keeping the MTDC power exchange interface nodes at secure levels.

Upgrading of Ge-Hu DC transmission line completed

On March 10, being the fir st in the world, the 500-kV double-circuit DC transmission line—GE—Hu upgrading project formally passed completion-acceptance, and

Compensating the effects of DC bias lines on terahertz photomixer antennas using resistively loaded lines

This paper proposed a method,namely resistively loaded lines(RLL),to compensate the effects of the DC bias lines after investigating its effects on several types of antennas for terahertz photomixers.The RLL is formed by placing lumped resistances periodically on the DC bias line in order to cease the leakage current virtually,w hich cause a significant amount of distortion on the antenna performance.The simulation results of the dipole,folded dipole,log-periodic,and spiral antennas show that RLL almost removes the effects of the bias lines and improves the antenna radiation resistance and radiation pattern notably compared w ith that of the commonly used bias line types,such as coplanar stripline and photonic bandgap type bias lines.

DC steady-states analysis of lossy uniform transmission lines

A method for computing DC steady-state solutions in complex frequency-domain is put forward. It starts with complex frequency-domain transmission line equations, obtains the complex expressions of voltage and current at zero initial states, and find the DC steady-state solutions of voltage and current by using the fina value theorem of Laplace transform thory. The solutions are discussed with special internal resistances of DC voltage source and loads. A case study demonstrated that the proposed method is applicable to acquiring the DC steady-state voltage waveform and current waveform without first obtaining the analytic solutions.

PLC型DCS控制系统在自动化生产线电子控制系统中的应用

在实际生产应用中,PLC型DCS控制系统自动化生产线已经逐渐扩大应用范围。该应用主要是利用单回路微机控制系统,通过与计算机、控制技术、通讯技术三者共同作用,强化生产过程自动化的集中操作,在自动化生产线实现分层控制。分层控制可以对人机直接的关联得以区分,提高计算机在运行上可能出现的风险控制。本文通过PLC型DCS控制系统在自动化生产线上电子控制系统的应用,解决计算机操作中的缺陷,确保PLC型DCS控制系统在自动化生产线电子控制系统中应用的稳定性,希望为相关操作人员提供参考。

基于电流模分量特性的多端柔性直流配电网线路纵联保护

多端柔性直流配电网因在供电可靠性方面极具优势而受到广泛的关注,然而对于直流线路保护中故障的快速、可靠识别成为其急速发展所需解决的关键问题之一。因此,设计了一种利用电流模分量特性的直流线路纵联保护方法。该方法利用故障时正极电流线模分量方向来判别区内外故障,以不同故障条件下故障点正极电流零模分量平均值的差异来构造保护判据,从而判别故障类型,形成保护策略。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC4.5上搭建了多端柔性直流配电网模型,对保护判据及关键影响要素进行了仿真分析。结果表明,该保护方法能够有选择性地快速、可靠识别区内外故障及故障类型,且具有较好的耐过渡电阻与抗噪声能力。

基于有源消弧暂态衰减信息的配电网接地故障跟踪检测方法

现有配电网单相接地故障检测技术缺乏消弧过程的故障程度跟踪与选线能力。该文充分利用消弧过程中的暂态信息,建立考虑线路参数不对称的集总参数等效模型,论证消弧过程零序电压衰减直流特征的物理意义,提出考虑快速消弧的配电网故障检测新方法,对于低、高阻接地故障均有较高的检测灵敏度。实际应用中,仅需观测消弧全补偿电流投切过程中零序电压及零序电流波形,即可实现过渡电阻测量、故障程度跟踪与故障选线,具有瞬时性故障实时跟踪、故障检测与故障消弧同步进行的优势,操作简单、易于实现。仿真实验证实了方法的有效性,为配电网故障检测提供了新的理论依据。

基于电压补偿的双端直流配电网电压就地协调控制

双端直流配电网是一种双端电源供电的网络结构,可为直流负荷提供更加稳定和可靠的电源电压。然而,负荷的功率波动和不平衡使线路电压跌落增大,可能导致直流负荷的电压不平衡度和电压偏差指标越限,影响直流负荷的正常运行。文中基于电压源型换流器(VSC)外环电压控制,考虑中线电压补偿,提出基于电压补偿等效模型的直流配电网电压偏差及不平衡度联合抑制策略,实现直流配电网电压就地协调控制。首先,建立双端直流配电网潮流模型,将VSC电压下垂控制引入潮流模型,分析不同控制策略下的电压偏差和不平衡度的特性。其次,在此基础上,以电压最低点为分点获得双端电源供电回路压降的简化等效模型,并利用最小二乘法实现等效阻抗参数辨识,构建双端直流配电网的电压补偿等效模型。以参数辨识结果作为电压外环控制输入,提出考虑中线电压补偿的双端直流配电网电压就地协调控制策略。最后,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型,验证了双端直流配电网潮流模型的正确性和控制策略的有效性。