Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive malignancy confined within</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;&...Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive malignancy confined within</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the basement membrane of the breast ductal system. There is a lot of disparity in the natural history of DCIS with an estimated incidence of progression to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">invasive ductal carcinoma between 20%</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53% over ten or more years afte</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">initial diagnosis. The surgical and adjuvant management of DCIS has advanced significantly in the last couple of decades. Nonetheless, surgeons, medical oncologist</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and radiation oncologists, along with their patients, still depend on conve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ntional clinical and pathologic risk factors to make management decisions. Irrespective of the management strategy, long-term survival is excel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lent. The debate around DCIS relates to preventing either under-treatment or over-treatment. In this paper, we will review the incidence and management </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">options of DCIS. Additionally, we will focus on several current disputes related</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to the management of DCIS, including breast conserving surgery, the role of radiation in breast conservation surgery, sentinel node biopsy in DCIS, hormonal therapy, various risk stratification schemes, and the option of active surveillance for low-risk DCIS.展开更多
More than 90% of breast cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis not primary tumor. To effectively reduce cancer mortality, it is extremely important to predict the risk of, and to intervene in, the critical tra...More than 90% of breast cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis not primary tumor. To effectively reduce cancer mortality, it is extremely important to predict the risk of, and to intervene in, the critical transition from展开更多
Abstract: Ductal carcinoma in-situ DCIS is a heterogeneous entity in breast neoplasm with unpredictable biological behavior. This poses challenge in the management of DCIS. Various trials on DCIS have shown good outco...Abstract: Ductal carcinoma in-situ DCIS is a heterogeneous entity in breast neoplasm with unpredictable biological behavior. This poses challenge in the management of DCIS. Various trials on DCIS have shown good outcome with integral treatment of adequate surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Identification of subgroup of DCIS for radiotherapy and hormonal therapy could improve recurrence rate, contralateral tumours incidence and perhaps overall survival. Various risk score calculations could help to direct radiotherapy and hormonal treatment verses surgery alone and to avoid over treatment. Oncotype DX assay could be a new way of risk calculation to direct types of DCIS treatment. The recent increased use of MRI could increase the detection of DCIS and a more accurate extent of disease estimation. This article is a summary of major literatures and major trials result for DCIS.展开更多
We developed a monochromatic crystal backlight imaging system for the double-cone ignition(DCI) scheme, employing a spherically bent quartz crystal. This system was used to measure the spatial distribution and tempora...We developed a monochromatic crystal backlight imaging system for the double-cone ignition(DCI) scheme, employing a spherically bent quartz crystal. This system was used to measure the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the head-on colliding plasma from the two compressing cones in the DCI experiments. The influence of laser parameters on the x-ray backlighter intensity and spatial resolution of the imaging system was investigated. The imaging system had a spatial resolution of 10 μm when employing a CCD detector. Experiments demonstrated that the system can obtain time-resolved radiographic images with high quality, enabling the precise measurement of the shape, size, and density distribution of the plasma.展开更多
In the double-cone ignition schemes(DCIS), the deuterium–tritium target shell is ablated and compressed by a highpower nanosecond laser in Au-cones to generate plasmas. Under the actions of spherically symmetric comp...In the double-cone ignition schemes(DCIS), the deuterium–tritium target shell is ablated and compressed by a highpower nanosecond laser in Au-cones to generate plasmas. Under the actions of spherically symmetric compression and acceleration along the Au cone, they will be ejected out of the cone mouth and collide with each other. The plasmas experience conversion from kinetic energy to internal energy at the vertex of the geometric center of two Au cones that are symmetric to each other, because of which high-density fusion plasmas are preheated. This key physical process has undergone experimental verification on the Shenguang-II upgraded facility in China. Apparently, the improvement and optimization of the velocity of plasmas in hypersonic jet flow at the cone mouth are crucial for the success of the DCIS. In the DCIR7 experiment of the Shenguang-II upgraded facility, a velocity yield of approximately 130–260 km/s was achieved for the plasmas at the cone mouth, with a result of nearly 300 km/s based on numerical simulation. In this paper, theoretical analysis is performed as regards the process, in which target shells are ablated and compressed by laser to generate highvelocity plasmas ejected through jet flow. Based on this analysis, the formula for the velocity of plasmas in supersonic jet flow at the cone mouth is proposed. This study also provides measures that are more effective for improving the kinetic energy of plasmas and optimizing energy conversion efficiency, which can serve as theoretical references for the adjustment and optimization of processes in subsequent experiments.展开更多
文摘Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-invasive malignancy confined within</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> the basement membrane of the breast ductal system. There is a lot of disparity in the natural history of DCIS with an estimated incidence of progression to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">invasive ductal carcinoma between 20%</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53% over ten or more years afte</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">r </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">initial diagnosis. The surgical and adjuvant management of DCIS has advanced significantly in the last couple of decades. Nonetheless, surgeons, medical oncologist</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, and radiation oncologists, along with their patients, still depend on conve</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ntional clinical and pathologic risk factors to make management decisions. Irrespective of the management strategy, long-term survival is excel</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">lent. The debate around DCIS relates to preventing either under-treatment or over-treatment. In this paper, we will review the incidence and management </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">options of DCIS. Additionally, we will focus on several current disputes related</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to the management of DCIS, including breast conserving surgery, the role of radiation in breast conservation surgery, sentinel node biopsy in DCIS, hormonal therapy, various risk stratification schemes, and the option of active surveillance for low-risk DCIS.
文摘More than 90% of breast cancer-related deaths are caused by metastasis not primary tumor. To effectively reduce cancer mortality, it is extremely important to predict the risk of, and to intervene in, the critical transition from
文摘Abstract: Ductal carcinoma in-situ DCIS is a heterogeneous entity in breast neoplasm with unpredictable biological behavior. This poses challenge in the management of DCIS. Various trials on DCIS have shown good outcome with integral treatment of adequate surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Identification of subgroup of DCIS for radiotherapy and hormonal therapy could improve recurrence rate, contralateral tumours incidence and perhaps overall survival. Various risk score calculations could help to direct radiotherapy and hormonal treatment verses surgery alone and to avoid over treatment. Oncotype DX assay could be a new way of risk calculation to direct types of DCIS treatment. The recent increased use of MRI could increase the detection of DCIS and a more accurate extent of disease estimation. This article is a summary of major literatures and major trials result for DCIS.
基金Project supported by the staff of the Shenguang-Ⅱ upgrade Laser facilityThis study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA25010100,XDA25010300,XDA25030100,XDA25030200,and XDA25051000)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11827807 and 12105359)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.SGKF202105)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Interdisciplinary Team(Grant No.JCTD-2022-05).
文摘We developed a monochromatic crystal backlight imaging system for the double-cone ignition(DCI) scheme, employing a spherically bent quartz crystal. This system was used to measure the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the head-on colliding plasma from the two compressing cones in the DCI experiments. The influence of laser parameters on the x-ray backlighter intensity and spatial resolution of the imaging system was investigated. The imaging system had a spatial resolution of 10 μm when employing a CCD detector. Experiments demonstrated that the system can obtain time-resolved radiographic images with high quality, enabling the precise measurement of the shape, size, and density distribution of the plasma.
基金Project supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDA25051000 and XDA 25010100)。
文摘In the double-cone ignition schemes(DCIS), the deuterium–tritium target shell is ablated and compressed by a highpower nanosecond laser in Au-cones to generate plasmas. Under the actions of spherically symmetric compression and acceleration along the Au cone, they will be ejected out of the cone mouth and collide with each other. The plasmas experience conversion from kinetic energy to internal energy at the vertex of the geometric center of two Au cones that are symmetric to each other, because of which high-density fusion plasmas are preheated. This key physical process has undergone experimental verification on the Shenguang-II upgraded facility in China. Apparently, the improvement and optimization of the velocity of plasmas in hypersonic jet flow at the cone mouth are crucial for the success of the DCIS. In the DCIR7 experiment of the Shenguang-II upgraded facility, a velocity yield of approximately 130–260 km/s was achieved for the plasmas at the cone mouth, with a result of nearly 300 km/s based on numerical simulation. In this paper, theoretical analysis is performed as regards the process, in which target shells are ablated and compressed by laser to generate highvelocity plasmas ejected through jet flow. Based on this analysis, the formula for the velocity of plasmas in supersonic jet flow at the cone mouth is proposed. This study also provides measures that are more effective for improving the kinetic energy of plasmas and optimizing energy conversion efficiency, which can serve as theoretical references for the adjustment and optimization of processes in subsequent experiments.
