基于DEM-FEM耦合方法的碎屑流对桥墩最大冲击力的影响因素研究

碎屑流是我国山区最危险的地质灾害之一,山区桥墩常受到碎屑流冲击而开裂、倾斜甚至倒塌,给山区桥梁建设、运营带来严重的安全隐患。采用离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)和有限元方法(finite element method,FEM)耦合的三维数值模拟方法模拟了碎屑流对双柱式桥墩的冲击效应,并结合斜槽试验,验证了耦合方法的准确性,进一步分析了碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对桥墩冲击力的影响规律。结果表明,最大冲击力与碎屑流冲击坡度、距离和体积密度分别呈幂函数(指数大于1)、幂函数(指数小于1)和线性正相关。冲击坡度、距离和体积密度对最大冲击力的敏感度值分别为3.012、0.202、0.804,在桥梁碎屑流灾害防治时需重视冲击坡度和体积密度的影响。将冲击力的数值模拟值与流体动力学模型预测值对比分析表明,流体动力学模型理论公式能较好地预测桥墩所受的最大冲击力,最大预测误差低于23.6%。相关研究结果可为山区桥梁碎屑流灾害防治与设计提供一定的参考依据。

混凝土搅拌筒CFD-DEM多相流数值模拟与分析

为研究混凝土运输车搅拌筒内的混凝土与骨料颗粒的真实运动情况,采用CFD-DEM耦合的方法,考虑混凝土的非牛顿流体特性及骨料颗粒间的相互作用,对混凝土进料、搅拌、出料过程的混凝土及颗粒运动规律进行数值模拟。通过将出料时间和出料速率数值仿真结果与实验对比,验证了CFD-DEM耦合方法的可行性。将计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)和离散元(Discrete Element Method,DEM)仿真结果导入ABAQUS中对叶片结构强度进行了分析,结果表明:叶片所受应力远小于材料的许用应力,最大节点位移满足刚度设计要求。最后对叶片的磨损情况进行了分析。

基于LBM-DEM细观数值模拟的水力诱导覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷发育过程分析

文章以水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷为背景,基于离散元方法和格子Boltzmann方法,采用Bouzidi插值反弹边界格式和动量交换法,建立一种可以从细观角度模拟覆盖型岩溶塌陷的二维格子Boltzmann方法—离散元方法流固耦合模型。在此基础上对承压水下降引起的覆盖型岩溶塌陷数值模拟开展了探索性研究。模拟结果表明:承压水位下降工况中地下水主要对隔水层岩溶开口处的颗粒产生影响,对土洞周围土体产生向下的作用力;土体颗粒的剥落容易造成土颗粒原位置和上方位置处水压的陡降,从而造成较强的水力坡降,使得地下水对内部颗粒作用力陡增,容易引起上方颗粒在地下水作用力和重力作用下失稳,导致从土体颗粒失稳至土层塌陷逐渐加速。研究成果对进一步从细观尺度进行水力驱动的覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷的发育过程与特征研究具有理论及实际意义。

基于CFD-DEM方法的饱和砂土场地液化模拟研究

砂土液化是常见的地震灾害,目前应用于研究砂土液化动力特性的室内试验以及模型试验还不能全面反映土体液化全过程。计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)与离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)耦合模拟方法能够准确地模拟各类水土耦合问题。通过二次开发的CFD-DEM流固耦合模块实现离散元软件PFC3D与计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM之间的力学信息交互,利用颗粒水下自由沉降验证该方法的可行性。利用PFC3D软件模拟室内循环三轴试验标定出具有真实饱和砂土动力特性的数值砂样。根据已有的参数信息以及耦合模拟方法建立了饱和砂土的场地液化模型。模拟结果表明,离散元法能够复现室内砂土液化试验,标定参数可应用于场地液化模拟;单颗粒沉降速度与理论解一致验证了CFD-DEM耦合方法的准确性;峰值加速度0.25g下不同深度处土体均会发生液化,液化时超孔压比无法达到1,超孔压累计值由浅层往深层递增;液化后土体强度自下而上逐渐恢复,再固结的场地土体结构呈现均匀化发展趋势。

Computer vision-aided DEM study on the compaction characteristics of graded subgrade filler considering realistic coarse particle shapes

The compaction quality of subgrade filler strongly affects subgrade settlement.The main objective of this research is to analyze the macro-and micro-mechanical compaction characteristics of subgrade filler based on the real shape of coarse particles.First,an improved Viola-Jones algorithm is employed to establish a digitalized 2D particle database for coarse particle shape evaluation and discrete modeling purposes of subgrade filler.Shape indexes of 2D subgrade filler are then computed and statistically analyzed.Finally,numerical simulations are performed to quantitatively investigate the effects of the aspect ratio(AR)and interparticle friction coefficient(μ)on the macro-and micro-mechanical compaction characteristics of subgrade filler based on the discrete element method(DEM).The results show that with the increasing AR,the coarse particles are narrower,leading to the increasing movement of fine particles during compaction,which indicates that it is difficult for slender coarse particles to inhibit the migration of fine particles.Moreover,the average displacement of particles is strongly influenced by the AR,indicating that their occlusion under power relies on particle shapes.The dis-placement and velocity of fine particles are much greater than those of the coarse particles,which shows that compaction is primarily a migration of fine particles.Under the cyclic load,the interparticle friction coefficientμhas little effect on the internal structure of the sample;under the quasi-static loads,however,the increase inμwill lead to a significant increase in the porosity of the sample.This study could not only provide a novel approach to investigate the compaction mechanism but also establish a new theoretical basis for the evaluation of intelligent subgrade compaction.

An MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework for simulating fluid-solid interaction problems

The high-resolution DEM-IMB-LBM model can accurately describe pore-scale fluid-solid interactions,but its potential for use in geotechnical engineering analysis has not been fully unleashed due to its prohibitive computational costs.To overcome this limitation,a message passing interface(MPI)parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework is proposed aimed at enhancing computation efficiency.This framework utilises a static domain decomposition scheme,with the entire computation domain being decomposed into multiple subdomains according to predefined processors.A detailed parallel strategy is employed for both contact detection and hydrodynamic force calculation.In particular,a particle ID re-numbering scheme is proposed to handle particle transitions across sub-domain interfaces.Two benchmarks are conducted to validate the accuracy and overall performance of the proposed framework.Subsequently,the framework is applied to simulate scenarios involving multi-particle sedimentation and submarine landslides.The numerical examples effectively demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework.

A particle-resolved heat-particle-fluid coupling model by DEM-IMB-LBM

Multifield coupling is frequently encountered and also an active area of research in geotechnical engineering.In this work,a particle-resolved direct numerical simulation(PR-DNS)technique is extended to simulate particle-fluid interaction problems involving heat transfer at the grain level.In this extended technique,an immersed moving boundary(IMB)scheme is used to couple the discrete element method(DEM)and lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),while a recently proposed Dirichlet-type thermal boundary condition is also adapted to account for heat transfer between fluid phase and solid particles.The resulting DEM-IBM-LBM model is robust to simulate moving curved boundaries with constant temperature in thermal flows.To facilitate the understanding and implementation of this coupled model for non-isothermal problems,a complete list is given for the conversion of relevant physical variables to lattice units.Then,benchmark tests,including a single-particle sedimentation and a two-particle drafting-kissing-tumbling(DKT)simulation with heat transfer,are carried out to validate the accuracy of our coupled technique.To further investigate the role of heat transfer in particle-laden flows,two multiple-particle problems with heat transfer are performed.Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed coupling model is a promising high-resolution approach for simulating the heat-particle-fluid coupling at the grain level.

基于多分散非球颗粒CFD-DEM的沉积物排放扩散特性研究

为从颗粒及流场尺度探究沉积物颗粒在水流作用下的悬浮与扩散机制,在离散元中引入高斯曲率模型表征非球颗粒非线性接触特性,并改进非球颗粒的拖曳力模型及孔隙模型,建立了多分散非球颗粒CFD-DEM流固耦合数值方法;通过与物理模型试验对比,验证了该方法的有效性与优越性;随后对沉积物在水流作用下的悬浮扩散过程进行模拟。研究结果表明,沉积物沉降率与颗粒入流量成正相关,与流速成负相关;而逸出率与沉降率呈相反趋势;在高初始排放量下,颗粒团簇效应促进流体动能耗散,颗粒所受重力作用超过惯性力作用,颗粒快速沉降;在低初始排放量下,较高流体动能促进颗粒水平向输运;在流速较小情况下,颗粒形状对沉积物的空间分布影响不可忽略。

基于解析法CFD−DEM的烧结矿立式固定床气固接触特性

烧结矿与冷却气体充分接触是实现烧结矿立式冷却工艺的关键.采用解析计算流体力学−离散元法(CFD−DEM)方法对烧结矿立式固定床的气固接触特性进行了研究,主要模拟了非规则烧结矿在固定床内的堆积过程,并采用浸没边界法和动态网格细化技术获得颗粒表面的流场信息.结果表明,双粒径均匀混合料床的平均空隙率主要取决于小粒径颗粒,大粒径颗粒主要影响料床的大空隙结构及分布.“A型”偏析(中心区域堆积小粒径颗粒,近壁面区域堆积大粒径颗粒)料床压降显著低于均匀混合料床,但颗粒与气体接触不充分;“B型”偏析(偏析方式与“A型”相反)料床兼顾了低压降和气固充分接触的特点.料床实验压降与模拟压降随气体表观流速的变化趋势保持一致,验证了解析CFD−DEM方法的准确性.

Optimizing Bucket Elevator Performance through a Blend of Discrete Element Method, Response Surface Methodology, and Firefly Algorithm Approaches

This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.

基于DEM模拟的筒仓卸料过程瞬时拱影响因素分析

为探究大豆在筒仓卸料过程的瞬时拱形成条件及各因素的影响规律,阐明大豆在筒仓内的流变特性,采用离散元方法(DEM),以大豆在筒仓内的卸料过程为对象,通过改变筒仓的半锥角、开口直径、颗粒间摩擦系数、物料密实度等参数,分别进行模拟仿真。结果表明,半锥角为30°,35°,45°时,最大压力值分别为2390.76,2289.53,2540.9 Pa;开口直径为50,60,70 mm时,卸料时间分别为103,62,40 s;摩擦系数设置为0.6,0.7,0.8时,卸料时间分别为61.9,64.9,67.2 s;密实度设置为500,750,1000 mm时,最大质量流量分别为0.44,0.50,0.67 kg/s。研究为更精确地寻求其他散料食品在筒仓卸料过程的流变特性提供参考。

Assessing cutter-rock interaction during TBM tunnelling in granite:Large-scale standing rotary cutting tests and 3D DEM simulations

The widespread utilisation of tunnel boring machines(TBMs)in underground construction engineering requires a detailed investigation of the cutter-rock interaction.In this paper,we conduct a series of largescale standing rotary cutting tests on granite in conjunction with high-fidelity numerical simulations based on a particle-type discrete element method(DEM)to explore the effects of key cutting parameters on the TBM cutter performance and the distribution of cutter-rock contact stresses.The assessment results of cutter performance obtained from the cutting tests and numerical simulations reveal similar dependencies on the key cutting parameters.More specifically,the normal and rolling forces exhibit a positive correlation with penetration but are slightly influenced by the cutting radius.In contrast,the side force decreases as the cutting radius increases.Additionally,the side force shows a positive relationship with the penetration for smaller cutting radii but tends to become negative as the cutting radius increases.The cutter's relative effectiveness in rock breaking is significantly impacted by the penetration but shows little dependency on the cutting radius.Consequently,an optimal penetration is identified,leading to a low boreability index and specific energy.A combined Hertz-Weibull function is developed to fit the cutter-rock contact stress distribution obtained in DEM simulations,whereby an improved CSM(Colorado School of Mines)model is proposed by replacing the original monotonic cutting force distribution with this combined Hertz-Weibull model.The proposed model outperforms the original CSM model as demonstrated by a comparison of the estimated cutting forces with those from the tests/simulations.The findings from this work that advance our understanding of TBM cutter performance have important implications for improving the efficiency and reliability of TBM tunnelling in granite.

DEM粗差权值衰减迭代探测算法研究

为剔除经滤波处理后的机载激光雷达(LIDAR)地面点云数据中的残留非地面点,提高由其制作生产的数字高程模型(DEM)的精度,提出一种基于LIDAR点云数据所生成的不规则分布数据DEM粗差权值衰减迭代探测算法。该算法将滤波后残留的非地面点视为DEM粗差,基于地理学局部地形相似性原理,根据数据点密度及地形起伏变化程度确定局部窗口并进行二次曲面拟合,求解局部窗口内各数据点高程残差值,从而构建粗差相关检验量来定位粗差点。同时,该算法借鉴选权迭代粗差定位法思想,通过迭代,不断衰减含粗差观测点的权值,从而不断减小其对局部窗口二次曲面拟合产生的不良影响,降低地面点被误判为粗差点的概率。通过实验验证,该算法能有效提升DEM粗差探测率并极大降低粗差误判概率,粗差剔除率为98.02%,粗差误判率为1.71%。

基于CFD-DEM的双流体喷嘴颗粒物去除特性及效率优化研究

雾化除尘技术是有效防治大气灾害的重要手段,对于城市、矿山等场所的降尘具有重要意义。双流体雾化喷嘴基于其良好的雾化表现,成为雾化除尘领域的热门研究对象。雾化后雾滴与烟尘颗粒的粘附与沉降过程是双流体喷嘴颗粒物去除的重要步骤。因此,揭示雾滴与烟尘颗粒的粘附与沉降特性对于提升双流体喷嘴颗粒物去除效率具有重要意义,需进一步深入研究。本文基于计算流体力学与离散单元耦合法(CFD-DEM),通过3D设计软件和离散元仿真软件ANSYS、EDEM对双流体喷嘴进行耦合数值模拟仿真,研究颗粒之间的相撞粘附与沉降,得到了不同气液压力比、不同雾滴粒径下雾滴颗粒的速度分布规律,并利用正交数值模拟方法对双流体雾化喷嘴颗粒物去除效率进行研究,得到了各运行参数对颗粒物去除效率的影响规律。结果表明,随着气液压力比的增大,雾滴颗粒最大速度呈增大趋势;雾滴颗粒粒径越小,雾滴颗粒最大速度越大,且加速至最大速度的时间越短;通过极差分析可知,运行参数中对颗粒物去除效率影响因素从大到小依次是雾滴粒径B、气液压力比A、烟尘颗粒粒径D、烟尘颗粒速度C,其最优水平组合为A_(3)B_(1)C_(3)D_(1)。该研究可为双流体雾化喷嘴的颗粒物去除特性研究提供一定的参考。

基于机载LiDAR技术的地面沉陷变形DEM构建方法探究

针对矿区大范围地面沉陷变形难以监测的问题,本文采用机载激光雷达(LiDAR)技术对矿区进行地面沉陷变形监测。结果表明,采用改进的渐进加密三角网滤波算法和局部多项式插值法对机载LiDAR点云数据进行处理,可获得精度较高的沉陷变形数字高程模型(DEM),且通过点云降噪、滤波和插值,可将沉陷变形监测误差控制在50 mm以内。机载LiDAR技术不仅弥补了传统摄影测量参数计算复杂,外业工作量大,监测效率低等缺陷,还能不受地形和地貌等外界环境因素影响,对大范围地面沉陷变形进行监测。因此,该项技术对于监测矿区地面沉陷变形,合理设计矿区开采工作面,保护沉陷区地表建筑物具有重要的意义。

基于DEM-SPH流固耦合的冰区船舶快速性预报

船舶在冰区海域中航行会受到冰水环境阻力的影响,是冰区船舶快速性研究中的重要影响因素。为合理分析冰区船舶的快速性能,该文采用基于离散元(discrete element method,DEM)和光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法的流固耦合模型模拟船舶冰区航行过程,获得不同航速下的船舶阻力和推进力,进一步计算出螺旋桨的推力、扭矩以及定速航行所需的螺旋桨转速等参数。为研究船体结构、海冰与海水之间的流固耦合作用,文中通过SPH粒子与固定粒子边界相对运动的拟合项直接计算固体与流体之间的相互作用力,建立船体结构、海冰与海水耦合的DEM-SPH模型,并基于该模型分别对船舶在冰区的航行阻力和推进力进行模拟,通过拟合的方式匹配航行阻力和推进力,并考虑尾部流场导致的船体阻力增额,从而预报船舶在特定航速下实现自航所需的螺旋桨转速。此外,文中还模拟了DTMB 5415船模在浮冰区和层冰区中航行的阻力和不同螺旋桨转速下的推力,对船模在不同工况下实现特定航速航行所需的螺旋桨转速进行了预报。计算结果表明:DEM-SPH耦合模型对船-冰、桨-冰作用中的流固耦合过程模拟效果出色,可完整描述船体及尾部伴流场对海冰的拖曳作用;通过文中所述阻力-推力模拟算例及强制力的拟合分析,所形成的基于数值模拟方法的船舶自航下螺旋桨转速预报,可为进一步的试验验证和工程应用推广奠定基础。

DEM测绘精度评价及误差分析

探讨DEM测绘精度评价及误差分析的相关问题,本文通过对现有文献的分析,总结出了一系列解决方案,以提高DEM测绘的准确性和可靠性。通过本文的研究,可以更好地理解DEM测绘的技术原理和应用方法,为各行业提供更加精准的空间数据支持。

基于CFD-DEM流固耦合方法的吸力锚基础负压沉贯数值模拟

吸力锚基础作为一种新型高效的海洋结构物基础形式在海洋工程中得到了广泛应用。对于砂土中的吸力锚沉贯研究,传统试验或有限元数值模拟存在一定局限性。采用基于离散单元法与计算流体动力学理论(CFD-DEM)流固耦合方法对吸力锚在砂土中的吸力贯入过程进行数值模拟分析;通过与室内物理模型试验、沉贯阻力理论解析计算结果进行对比分析,验证CFD-DEM流固耦合方法的有效性和准确性。进一步地,从土颗粒细观尺度上深入分析吸力锚在砂土中沉贯特性。数值模拟捕捉到贯入过程中锚内土塞和砂层变化现象,发现砂层呈现出中间向上凸起的弧状分布,说明贯入产生挤土效应,其造成的土体位移和膨胀也是土塞产生的原因。同时模拟得到贯入过程中的超孔隙水压力等势线分布变化情况和锚内砂层水力梯度的变化情况,证实了砂土中吸力贯入的“安全机制”。最后将数值所得的锚外负压比变化与Houlsby和Byrne理论模型计算结果进行对比,得到锚内土体渗透系数随沉贯的变化规律。通过本研究验证,采用离散元法结合计算流体动力学理论有效地模拟和捕捉吸力锚沉贯过程中的细观土水相互作用、宏观土体变形及渗流场分布等现象,该方法可作为吸力锚沉贯特性研究的一种有效手段。

基于浸入边界法的高解析度CFD-DEM流固耦合方法

根据流固耦合问题的普遍性,提出了基于浸入边界法的高解析度计算流体力学-离散元法(CFD-DEM)流固耦合方法.新方法采用基于欧拉框架的计算流体力学方法描述流体的运动,采用基于拉格朗日框架的离散元法描述固体的运动及碰撞,在离散单元的表面布置浸入边界点,解决固体运动过程中与流体间的移动且未知的边界问题.为验证方法的准确性,模拟了圆柱绕流涡激振动、方块驰振两个经典算例,计算结果与数值解吻合度高,说明新方法能够准确描述流固耦合作用.最终,将该方法应用于多块体沉降的模拟,结果表明新方法能够反映流场的复杂变化,有效处理包含大量任意形状离散块体碰撞的流固耦合问题.

基于DEM方法的旋转流化床纳米颗粒流动特性研究

基于DEM方法利用MFIX软件分别模拟了两种不同粒径纳米颗粒在旋转流化床内的流动。模拟结果与以往实验结果进行比较发现结果吻合较好,验证了旋转流化床模型的准确性和可靠性。对纳米颗粒在旋转流化床中的运动过程进行数值模拟,加入范德华力,得到了纳米颗粒分布、纳米颗粒速度矢量分布以及纳米颗粒床层压降在不同离心加速度下随气速的变化。结果表明,少部分纳米颗粒在旋转流化床上部游离,其余颗粒随旋转流化床运动,当纳米颗粒上升到60°旋转角附近时,颗粒出现回落,然后进行反复运动,由于纳米颗粒的运动受到颗粒堆积的影响,最终纳米颗粒在旋转流化床底部往复循环。纳米颗粒在旋转流化床内的压降均随离心加速度和气速的增加而增加,相同条件下TiO2颗粒的床层压降大于Al2O3颗粒的床层压降,而且与TiO2相比Al2O3颗粒先达到稳定状态。