Should ocular Demodex be checked and treated in refractory keratitis patients without blepharitis?

AIM:To evaluate the correlation between Demodex infestation and keratitis,and to assess demodicosis using a simple approach.METHODS:A modified slit lamp illumination(at 40×magnification)was used to observe Demodex tails in 40patients with refractory keratitis and 80 healthy controls.Bacterial smear and culture of the conjunctival sac and corneal lesion were performed to identify the pathogen.Tea tree oil ointment(TTOO)was added as a Demodex killing agent for lid scrubs to the treatment when Demodex infestation was confirmed.RESULTS:Demodex tails were found in all patients compared to 42/80 of the controls(P<0.01).Seventeen patients presented blepharitis,while 23 were free of scales and inflammation at the lid margin.The demodicosis was mild,moderate,and severe in 8,19,and 13 patients,respectively,compared to mild in 42 controls(P<0.01).The keratitis was mild,moderate,and severe in 13,19,and 8patients,respectively.The severity of Demodex infestation was not correlated to the severity of keratitis(P=0.126).The growth of Staphylococcus was revealed in nine patients who did not react to antibiotic eye drops prior to the TTOO treatment.Patients’signs and symptoms got resolved after the lid scrub with TTOO.CONCLUSION:Ocular Demodex needs to be checked and treated in refractory keratitis patients with or without blepharitis.A slit-lamp illumination under high magnification favors the judgment of the severity of Demodex infestation.

Intense Pulsed Light Therapy for Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Ocular Demodex Infestation

To observe the clinical changes of meibomian gland dysfunctipn(MGD)and ocular Demodex infestation after intense pulsed light(IPL)treatment to further examine the mechanism of IPL treating patients with MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.The medical records of 25 patients(49 eyes)with MGD treated with IPL,were retrospectively examined to determine outcomes.Associated ocular-surface parameters(ocular surface disease index,OSD1;lipid layer thickness,LLT;noninvasive first breakup time,NIF-BUT;noninvasive average breakup time,NIAvg?BUT;tear film breakup area,TBUA;Schirmer I Test,SIT;corneal fluorescein staining,CFS),eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility,MG morphological parameters(macrostructure and microstructure),and the number of Demodex infestation were examined before and after treatment.The MG microstructure and the Demodex infestation were examined via in vivo confocal microscopy(IVCM).The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in associated ocular-surface parameters(all P<0.05)before and after IPL treatment,except SIT(P=0.065).Eyelid margin abnormalities,meibum quality and expressibility obviously improved in upper and lower eyelid after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).MG macrostructure(MG dropouts)decreased in upper(P=0.002)and lower eyelid(P=0.001)after IPL treatment.The nine parameters of MG microstructure in upper and lower eyelid all distinctly improved after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The mean number of Demodex mites on the upper lid margin(6.59±7.16 to 3.12±3.81/9 eyelashes)and lower lid margin(2.55±2.11 to 1.29±1.53/9 eyelashes)significantly reduced after IPL treatment(all P<0.0001).The Demodex eradication rate was 20%(8/40)in upper lid margin and 34.15%(14/41)in lower lid margin.These findings indicate that IPL shows great therapeutic potential for patients of MGD and ocular Demodex infestation.

The association between demodex infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction

AIM： To investigate the association between ocular demodex folliculorum infestation and ocular surface manifestations in meibomian gland dysfunction（MGD）.METHODS： Eight-six patients with MGD were enrolled. All enrolled subjects were tested in the following sequence： ocular surface disease index（OSDI）, slit-lamp biomicroscope examination, corneal surface regularity index（SRI） and surface asymmetry index（SAI）, tear fluid collection, fluorescein tear film break-up time（F-BUT）, corneal fluorescein staining（CFS）, Schirmer I test（SIT） and demodex folliculorum counting. Tear matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-9 activity was assessed using MMP-9 activity assay kit.RESULTS： Among 86 MGD patients, 40 were positive for demodex. The ocular demodex-positive group showed significantly increased scores of OSDI（25.96±13.74 vs 18.07±11.55, P=0.01）, lid margin abnormality（2.38±0.87 vs 1.98±0.91, P=0.04） and CFS（1.28±2.00 vs 0.94±1.36, P=0.01） compared to the ocular demodex-free group. The tear MMP-9 activity was higher in the ocular demodex-positive group（102.9±32.4 ng/mL） than the ocular demodex-free group（46.2±19.2 ng/mL, P=0.03）. There was no significant difference in meibum quality and expressibility, SRI, SAI, F-BUT and SIT between the two groups（P〉0.05 for each）. No significant correlation was noted between the number of demodex and ocular surface parameters in demodexpositive MGD group（P〉0.05 for each）.CONCLUSION： Ocular demodex folliculorum infestation may be associated with ocular discomfort and ocular surface damage in MGD.

Clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation on demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunction.Methods:In this prospective study,60 patients(120 eyes)were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:the treatment group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation and meibomian gland massage,the control group(30 cases,60 eyes)was treated with meibomian gland massage.Observation of Demodex count,symptom scores,break-up time(BUT),Schirmer I test(SIT),meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores were used to compare the difference between before and after treatment.Results:There was no significant difference in Demodex count,symptom scores,BUT,SIT,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits scores between the 2 groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,symptom scores,meibomian gland secretion function scores and eyelid fat traits and Demodex count of the treatment group were significantly reduced(P<0.01).Conclusion:Chinese medicine aerosol fumigation can relieve symptoms of of demodex infection related meibomian gland dysfunctionand reduce the number of ocular Demodex.

Correlation Demodex Folliculorum and Skin Biophysical Parameters

Purpose: Demodex folliculorum is a transparent mite, 0.3 - 0.4 mm long, which asymptomatically parasitizes the human pilosebaceous follicles. D. folliculorum is observed in normal skin with a prevalence of 100% and a density of ≤ 5 D/cm2 in the adult population. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated the differences in pH on the five facial sites between the two populations with and without D. folliculorum. The relationship between pH and skin surface oil was analyzed in populations with and without Demodex mites. Mongolian 750 subjects (370 males and 380 females) aged 16 - 84 years, who lived in Ulaanbaatar city, were enrolled in this study. The eligibility criteria included a minimum age of 16 and no physical and dermatologic illness, no cosmetic. Results: Skin surface oil among the five facial areas differed significantly in both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). When the skin surface oil on the T-zone, U-zone was compared, those on the T-zone were significantly higher than those of the U-zone (P < 0.001) in both populations (P< 0.01). The pH levels on the five facial sites, and U-zone, T-zone and MFpH differed significantly in among both subjects with and without Demodex folliculorum (P < 0.001). In both groups, the pH levels of the U-zone were significantly lower than the pH of the T-zone (P Conclusions: Among the five facial sites in subjects with Demodex folliculorum, there were significant negative correlations between skin surface oil and pH on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 652), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.656), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.754), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.679), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.698), MFSE-MFpH (P < 0.001, r = 0.483). In contrast, among the five sites in subjects without Demodex folliculorum, a significant negative correlation between skin surface oil and pH was observed on the forehead (p < 0.001, r = 766), cheek (P < 0.001, r = 0.798), nose (P < 0.001, r = 0.706), chin (P < 0.001, r = 0.823), and T-zone (P < 0.001, r = 0.602), U-zone (P < 0.001, r = -0.550)

Factors affecting meibomian gland area loss in symptomatic adults

AIM:To characterize the distribution of meibomian gland(MG)area loss(MGL)and its relationship with demographic characteristics,mites,and symptoms.METHODS:This retrospective observational study included patients who visited the Dry Eye Clinic of Shenzhen Eye Hospital between June 2020 and August 2021.General patient characteristics,ocular symptoms,Demodex test results of the eyelid edges,and the results of a comprehensive ocular surface analysis were collected.MGL was analyzed using Image J software.RESULTS:This study enrolled 1204 outpatients aged 20-80(40.70±13.44)y,including 357 males(29.65%)and 847 females(70.35%).The patients were classified into mild(n=155;12.87%),moderate(n=795;66.03%),severe(n=206;17.11%),and extremely severe(n=48;3.99%)MGL groups.MGL was significantly larger in female than in male(P=0.006).The degree of MGL also significantly differed in age(P<0.001)and the more numbers of mites with severity(P<0.001).Multivariate disordered multinomial logistic regression analysis identified that female sex,older age,secretory symptoms,and a large number of mites were risk factors for MGL(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Patients with MGL are more likely to be older,female,more numbers of mites,and increased secretion.

热蒸汽处理面部对蠕形螨检出率的影响

目的了解热蒸汽处理面部对蠕形螨检出率的影响。方法选取2023年5—7月在兰州市某三甲医院皮肤科门诊就诊的215例疑似蠕形螨病的患者作为研究对象,同一患者分别在室温和热蒸汽处理面部10 min后在鼻翼两侧行蠕形螨直接刮拭法镜检。结果经热蒸汽处理后面部蠕形螨的检出率明显增高,达63.7%(137/215);而室温状态下人体蠕形螨的检出率仅为28.4%(61/215)。比较患者面部热蒸汽处理前后蠕形螨的检出率,两者差别具有显著性(χ2=54.07,P=0.00)。结论热蒸汽处理面部能显著提升蠕形螨检出率,为临床上人体蠕形螨病的实验诊断方法提供新的参考。

Facial dermatosis associated with Demodex:a case-control study

Demodex has been considered to be related with multiple skin disorders,but controversy persists.In this case-control study,a survey was conducted with 860 dermatosis patients aged 12 to 84 years in Xi'an,China to identify the association between facial dermatosis and Demodex.Amongst the patients,539 suffered from facial dermatosis and 321 suffered from non-facial dermatosis.Demodex mites were sampled and examined using the skin pressurization method.Multivariate regression analysis was applied to analyze the association between facial dermatosis and Demodex infestation,and to identify the risk factors of Demodex infestation.The results showed that total detection rate of Demodex was 43.0%.Patients aged above 30 years had higher odds of Demodex infestation than those under 30 years.Compared to patients with neutral skin,patients with mixed,oily,or dry skin were more likely to be infested with Demodex(odds ratios(ORs) were 2.5,2.4,and 1.6,respectively).Moreover,Demodex infestation was found to be statistically associated with rosacea(OR=8.1),steroid-induced dermatitis(OR=2.7),seborrheic dermatitis(OR=2.2),and primary irritation dermatitis(OR=2.1).In particular,ORs calculated from the severe infestation(≥5 mites/cm2) rate were significantly higher than those of the total rate.Therefore,we concluded that Demodex is associated with rosacea,steroid-induced dermatitis,seborrheic dermatitis,and primary irritation dermatitis.The rate of severe infestation is found to be more correlated with various dermatosis than the total infestation rate.The risk factors of Demodex infestation,age,and skin types were identified.Our study also suggested that good hygiene practice might reduce the chances of demodicosis and Demodex infestation.

蠕形螨相关干眼症护理的最佳证据总结

目的筛选国内外蠕形螨相关干眼症护理的相关证据,并对最佳证据进行总结。方法系统检索UpToDate、BMJ Best Practice、美国指南网、亚洲干眼协会、国际泪表与眼表协会、中国知网和万方数据等数据库,查找和研究相关的原始研究、指南、专家共识和系统评价。检索期限为建库至2024年3月31日。由2名研究员对文献质量进行评价,并结合专业判断,选取符合标准的文献。结果最终共纳入9篇文献,其中指南2篇、专家共识3篇、系统评价2篇、原始研究2篇。最佳证据包括居家护理、健康教育、干预措施3个类别,共总结出27条证据。结论证据应用人员需结合临床环境及医院特点,针对性地选取应用蠕形螨相关干眼症护理的最佳证据,以提升护理质量,促进患者健康。

Sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor analysis of Demodex infestation(Acari:Demodicidae)

To identify sociodemographic characteristics and risk factor of Demodex infestation,756 students aged 13-22 years in Xi'an,China were sampled for the school-based cross-sectional study.Demodex was examined using the cellophane tape method(CTP).The results showed that the total detection rate of Demodex was 67.6%.Logistic regression analysis revealed that five variables(gender,residence,sharing sanitary ware,frequency of face-wash per day,and use of facial cleanser) were found to be uncorrelated with Demodex infestation,whereas three variables(age,skin type,and skin disease) were found to be independent correlates.Students aged over 18 years had 22.1 times higher odds of Demodex infestation compared to those under 16 years and students aged 16-18 years also had 2.1 times higher odds compared to those aged 13-15 years.Odds of having a Demodex infestation for oily or mixed skin were 2.1 times those for dry or neutral skin.Students with a facial skin disease had 3.0 times higher odds of being infested with Demodex compared to those without.The inception rate of students with facial dermatoses increased in parallel with increasing mite count.The inception rates were 21.3%,40.7%,59.2%,and 67.7% in the negative,mild,moderate,and severe infestation groups,respectively(χ2=60.6,P<0.001).Specifically,the amount of infested mites and inception rate of acne vulgaris were positively correlated(R2=0.57,moderate infestation odds ratio(OR)=7.1,severe infestation OR=10.3).It was concluded that Demodex prevalence increases with age,and Demodex presents in nearly all adult human.Sebaceous hyperplasia with oily or mixed skin seems to favour Demodex proliferation.Demodex infestation could be associated with acne vulgaris.The CTP is a good sampling method for studies of Demodex prevalence.

A meta-analysis of association between acne vulgaris and Demodex infestation

Until now, etiology of acne vulgaris is still uncertain. Although clinicians usually deny the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris, it has been proved in some clinical practices. To confirm the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris, a meta-analysis was conducted. Predefined selection criteria were applied to search all published papers that analyzed the association between Demodex infestation and acne vulgaris (January 1950 to August 2011) in ISI Web of Knowledge, MEDLINE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. A meta-analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on fixed effects models or random effects models. We enrolled the 60 Chinese and 3 English papers in this meta-analysis, which covered Turkey and 25 different provinces/municipalities in China and 42 130 participants in-cluding students and residents, aged from 1 to 78 years. The pooled OR in random effects models is 2.80 (95% CI, 2.34-3.36). Stability is robust according to sensitivity analysis. The fail-safe number is 18 477, suggesting that at least 18 477 articles with negative conclusions would be needed to reverse the conclusion that acne vulgaris was related to Demodex infestation. So the effect of publication bias was insignificant and could be ignored. It was concluded that acne vulgaris is associated with Demodex infestation. This indicates that when regular treatments for acne vulgaris are ineffective, examination of Demodex mites and necessary acaricidal therapies should be considered.

Cloning and sequence analysis of chitin synthase gene fragments of Demodex mites

To our knowledge,few reports on Demodex studied at the molecular level are available at present.In this study our group,for the first time,cloned,sequenced and analyzed the chitin synthase(CHS) gene fragments of Demodex folliculorum,Demodex brevis,and Demodex canis(three isolates from each species) from Xi'an China,by designing specific primers based on the only partial sequence of the CHS gene of D.canis from Japan,retrieved from GenBank.Results show that amplification was successful only in three D.canis isolates and one D.brevis isolate out of the nine Demodex isolates.The obtained fragments were sequenced to be 339 bp for D.canis and 338 bp for D.brevis.The CHS gene sequence similarities between the three Xi'an D.canis isolates and one Japanese D.canis isolate ranged from 99.7% to 100.0%,and those between four D.canis isolates and one D.brevis isolate were 99.1%-99.4%.Phylogenetic trees based on maximum parsimony(MP) and maximum likelihood(ML) methods shared the same clusters,according with the traditional classification.Two open reading frames(ORFs) were identified in each CHS gene sequenced,and their corresponding amino acid sequences were located at the catalytic domain.The relatively conserved sequences could be deduced to be a CHS class A gene,which is associated with chitin synthesis in the integument of Demodex mites.

Discrimination between Demodex folliculorum(Acari:Demodicidae) isolates from China and Spain based on mitochondrial cox1 sequences

For a long time,classification of Demodex mites has been based mainly on their hosts and phenotypic characteristics.A new subspecies of Demodex folliculorum has been proposed,but not confirmed.Here,cox1 partial sequences of nine isolates of three Demodex species from two geographical sources(China and Spain) were studied to conduct molecular identification of D.folliculorum.Sequencing showed that the mitochondrial cox1 fragments of five D.folliculorum isolates from the facial skin of Chinese individuals were 429 bp long and that their sequence identity was 97.4%.The average sequence divergence was 1.24% among the five Chinese isolates,0.94% between the two geographical isolate groups(China(5) and Spain(1)),and 2.15% between the two facial tissue sources(facial skin(6) and eyelids(1)).The genetic distance and rate of third-position nucleotide transition/transversion were 0.0125,2.7(3/1) among the five Chinese isolates,0.0094,3.1(3/1) between the two geographical isolate groups,and 0.0217,4.4(3/1) between the two facial tissue sources.Phylogenetic trees showed that D.folliculorum from the two geographical isolate groups did not form sister clades,while those from different facial tissue sources did.According to the molecular characteristics,it appears that subspecies differentiation might not have occurred and that D.folliculorum isolates from the two geographical sources are of the same population.However,population differentiation might be occurring between isolates from facial skin and eyelids.

活体激光共聚焦显微镜观察蠕形螨感染与麦粒肿关系的临床研究

目的 采用活体激光共聚焦显微镜(IVCM)观察麦粒肿和霰粒肿患者眼部蠕形螨感染情况,为分析蠕形螨感染对麦粒肿发生的影响提供参考依据。方法 选取2022年6—12月在上海爱尔眼科医院就诊为霰粒肿的患者45例(45眼)称霰粒肿组及无霰粒肿史的麦粒肿患者45例(45眼)称麦粒肿组。每位患者采取活体激光共聚焦显微镜观察患眼睑缘蠕形螨感染情况,上下睑缘选取累及所在位置8个毛囊、8个睑板腺。以蠕形螨检出≥3只为阳性、1≤蠕形螨<3只为可疑阳性、未检出为阴性。结果 活体激光共聚焦显微镜下,麦粒肿组和霰粒肿组蠕形螨感染阳性率分别为73.30%(33眼)、44.44%(20眼),可疑阳性率为31.11%(14眼)、11.10%(5眼),阴性率为15.60%(7眼)、24.44%(11眼);麦粒肿组阳性感染率明显高于霰粒肿组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.013)。结论 与霰粒肿患者相比,麦粒肿患者的蠕形螨感染率更高,蠕形螨感染可能亦是麦粒肿发生的致病因素之一。

Rare facial dermatological lesions associated with Demodex infection,besides acne vulgaris

I have read with great interest the recent article ＂A meta-analysis of association between acne vulgaris and Demodex infestation＂ by Zhao et al. （2012）, published in Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE B （Biomedicine ＆ Biotechnology） （another two articles by Zhao et al. （2011a; 2011b） are also related to Demodex infestation）. The article is highly thought provoking. Interestingly, Demodex infestation may be associated with a number of other facial dermatological lesions besides ache vulgaris.

三种含药眼贴治疗蠕形螨睑缘炎的疗效和安全性评价:一项多中心双盲随机对照临床试验

目的评价并比较不同含药眼贴治疗蠕形螨睑缘炎临床疗效及安全性。方法采用多中心双盲随机平行对照临床试验方法,于2021年7月至2022年12月分别在上海静安区市北医院眼科、西安市第四医院眼科、昆明第一人民医院眼科招募蠕形螨睑缘炎患者140例280眼,用随机数字表将患眼随机分为茶树精油组、秋葵精油组、基液对照组和甲硝唑组,采用双盲法分别用含20%茶树精油、1%秋葵精油、制备基液、2%甲硝唑的眼贴贴敷眼部28 d,评估治疗前及治疗第14天和第28天患者睑缘蠕形螨计数;采用眼表疾病指数量表(OSDI)对眼表症状进行评分;裂隙灯显微镜下对睑缘充血程度、睫毛根部袖套样分泌物进行评分。依据上述综合评分计算治疗有效率,并观察受试者不良反应情况。结果所有受试者均完成治疗和随访,失访率为0%。各组治疗14和28 d受试眼睑缘蠕形螨计数较治疗前均明显减少(均P<0.05)。治疗28 d,茶树精油组、秋葵精油组和甲硝唑组蠕形螨数量明显低于基液对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。茶树精油组、秋葵精油组和甲硝唑组治疗14和28 d时受试眼OSDI评分、睑缘充血评分和袖套样分泌物评分均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗28 d,茶树精油组、秋葵精油组和甲硝唑组治疗有效率分别为71.4%、71.4%和62.9%,明显高于基液对照组的25.7%。治疗及随访期间未发现严重的局部及全身不良反应。结论含茶树精油、秋葵精油、甲硝唑眼贴治疗蠕形螨睑缘炎效果显著,可有效改善睑缘生物环境,消除睑缘相关炎症反应。

蠕形螨睑缘炎的中西医治疗进展

睑缘炎是睑缘表面、睫毛毛囊及其腺体组织的急、亚性或慢性炎症。本病病因复杂,常双眼发病,病情较为顽固,愈后可复发,是临床上常见的眼病之一。近年来,越来越多的研究发现,蠕形螨感染可能是难治性、复发性睑缘炎的重要病因之一。本文通过回顾近10年蠕形螨睑缘炎的中西医治疗方法发现,辨证使用中药内服、外敷、熏蒸等中医特色治疗取得了良好疗效,眼睑热敷、按摩、清洁擦洗联合局部使用茶树精油及其衍生物、抗生素、抗炎治疗是目前西医治疗的主要有效手段,氯菊酯霜、秋葵眼贴等新型制剂也在不断更新中,针对眼部局部杀螨、改善睑板腺功能障碍成为新的研究热点,如新型强脉冲光的运用,为蠕形螨睑缘炎的治疗带来了更多的选择和更新的研究思路。本文进一步指出,在常规西医治疗的基础上联合中医治疗有望提升此病的临床疗效。

眼部蠕形螨感染影响睑酯菌群组成的相关分析

目的:探讨眼部蠕形螨感染影响睑酯菌群组成的相关分析。方法:采用非干预性、观察性研究的方法,选取2020-07/2021-02我院39例受试者,根据有无蠕形螨感染或有无睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)将受试者分为三组,对照组(14例)、睑板腺功能障碍组(MGD组,14组)、蠕形螨感染组(FM组,11组)。对三组受试者睑板腺睑酯样本进行16S rRNA基因V3~V4片段的高通量测序,测序数据进行生物信息学分析,以研究眼部蠕形螨受试者睑酯菌群的构成及差异。结果:蠕形螨感染组的假单胞菌属和丛毛单胞菌属丰度均显著高于健康对照组和MGD组(P<0.05),罗尔斯通氏菌属丰度显著低于对照组和MGD组(P<0.05)。MGD组和FM组睑酯菌群微生物丰富度、微生物群落多样性显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论:蠕形螨感染改变了睑酯菌群的构成,并提高了睑酯菌群的微生物丰富度和群落多样性。

蠕形螨睑缘炎的诊断与治疗研究进展

蠕形螨是一种寄生于人体内的常见寄生虫,根据寄生的部位不同分为毛囊蠕形螨与皮脂蠕形螨。蠕形螨属于条件致病性微生物,部分感染者可无临床症状,但也可引起以睑缘炎为代表的多种常见的眼部疾病,其典型症状包括眼干涩、异物感、袖套样分泌物附着以及眼表刺激症状等。蠕形螨睑缘炎的诊断需根据临床表现及病原学检测共同确定,治疗方法包括植物精油在内多种药物及物理治疗。目前,对于蠕形螨睑缘炎的诊断及治疗方法日渐完善,但蠕形螨感染与其致病性之间的关系尚未明确。本文对目前蠕形螨的特点、蠕形螨睑缘炎的临床表现、诊断、治疗方法及存在的问题进行了总结,希望对未来蠕形螨的进一步研究提供参考依据。

蠕形螨与干眼的相关性研究

蠕形螨是人类常见的体表寄生虫之一,常因过度密集寄生体表而导致多种疾病产生。眼部蠕形螨感染症状多为睑板腺功能障碍、睑缘炎以及干眼等。干眼是一种常见的眼表炎症性疾病,影响全球数亿人。干眼病因较为复杂,近年研究报道表明其与蠕形螨感染关系密切。本文就蠕形螨与干眼的相关性研究进行理论探讨,旨在推动蠕形螨相关性干眼防控向纵深发展,减少蠕形螨对人体眼部的伤害,为干眼的临床诊治提供新的参考依据和新思路。