The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has...The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
Non-Maxwellian particle distribution functions possessing high energy tail and shoulder in the profile of distribution function considerably change the damping characteristics of the waves. In the present paper Landau...Non-Maxwellian particle distribution functions possessing high energy tail and shoulder in the profile of distribution function considerably change the damping characteristics of the waves. In the present paper Landau damping of electron plasma (Langmuir) waves and ion-acoustic waves in a hot, isotropic, unmagnetized plasma is studied with the generalized (r, q) distribution function. The results show that for the Langmuir oscillations Landau damping becomes severe as the spectral index r or q reduces. However, for the ion-acoustic waves Landau damping is more sensitive to the ion temperature than the spectral indices.展开更多
The effect of a high frequency (HF) electric field on the propagation of electrostatic wave in a 2D non-uniform relativistic plasma waveguide is investigated. A variable separation method is applied to the two-fluid...The effect of a high frequency (HF) electric field on the propagation of electrostatic wave in a 2D non-uniform relativistic plasma waveguide is investigated. A variable separation method is applied to the two-fluid plasma model. An analytical study of the reflection of electrostatic wave propagation along a magnetized non-uniform relativistic plasma slab subjected to an intense HF electric field is presented and compared with the case of a non relativistic plasma. It is found that, when the frequency of the incident wave is close to the relativistic electron plasma frequency, the plasma is less reflective due to the presence of both an HF field and the effect of relativistic electrons. On the other hand, for a low-frequency incident wave the reflection coefficient is directly proportional to the amplitude of the HF field. Also, it is shown that the relativistic electron plasma leads to a decrease in the value of reflection coefficient in comparison with the case of the non relativistic plasma.展开更多
The trajectory of charge particles will be changed by electrostatic wave with a large amplitude in plasma.The dispersion relation of drift waves is derived with the help of integration along the changed trajectory.It ...The trajectory of charge particles will be changed by electrostatic wave with a large amplitude in plasma.The dispersion relation of drift waves is derived with the help of integration along the changed trajectory.It shows that the drift wave instability can be suppressed by so-called“quasi-Larmor radius effect”as long as the condition,K.Se>K.Si,is satisfied,where K is the wave number of drift wave,Se and Si are the amplitudes of shift of electrons and ions,respectively.展开更多
By using the quantum magnetohydrodynamic model, the electrostatic waves in weakly magnetized quantum plasmas are investigated. The electrons are treated as a quantum and magnetized species, while the ions are classica...By using the quantum magnetohydrodynamic model, the electrostatic waves in weakly magnetized quantum plasmas are investigated. The electrons are treated as a quantum and magnetized species, while the ions are classical unmagnetized ones. The general dispersion relations are derived. It is shown that, both the high frequency electron waves (Langmuire wave and upper-hybrid wave) and the low frequency ion acoustic wave can propagate when the plasmas are cold.展开更多
Propagation of coupled electrostatic drift and ion-acoustic waves(DIAWs) is presented. It is shown that nonlinear solitary vortical structures can be formed by low-frequency coupled electrostatic DIAWs. Primary wave...Propagation of coupled electrostatic drift and ion-acoustic waves(DIAWs) is presented. It is shown that nonlinear solitary vortical structures can be formed by low-frequency coupled electrostatic DIAWs. Primary waves of distinct(small, intermediate and large) scales are considered. Appropriate set of 3 D equations consisting of the generalized Hasegawa-Mima equation for the electrostatic potential(involving both vector and scalar nonlinearities) and the equation of motion of ions parallel to magnetic field are obtained. According to experiments of laboratory plasma mainly focused to large scale DIAWs, the possibility of self-organization of DIAWs into the nonlinear solitary vortical structures is shown analytically. Peculiarities of scalar nonlinearities in the formation of solitary vortical structures are widely discussed.展开更多
In this paper, the quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) model is used to study the propagation of small- but finite-amplitude quantum electrostatic shock-wave in an inertial-less symmetric pair (ion) plasma with immobile backg...In this paper, the quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) model is used to study the propagation of small- but finite-amplitude quantum electrostatic shock-wave in an inertial-less symmetric pair (ion) plasma with immobile background positive constituents. The dispersion due to the quantum tunneling and inertial effects as well as dissipation caused by particle collisions leading to the shock-like or double-layer structures are considered. Investigation of both the stationary and traveling-wave solutions to Kortewege-de Veries-Burgers evolution equation show that critical values exist which govern the type of collective plasma structures. Current analysis apply to diverse kind of symmetric plasmas such as laboratory inertially confined or astrophysical pair-ion or electron-positron degenerate plasmas.展开更多
Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples a...Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples are selected for discussion in this paper: i) The proposed wave-particle duality of electrons;ii) cold fusion;and iii) superconductivity. The current interpretations of these enigmatic concepts are incomplete and not fully validated by scientific methods. The observations underlying these processes are seemingly consistent with KELEA acting as a repelling force between opposite electrical charges. Relatively simple experiments can be designed to either confirm or exclude KELEA in these and in various other currently perplexing physical phenomena.展开更多
Until now, nerve conduction has been described on the basis of equivalent circuit model and cable theory, both of which supposed closed electric circuits spreading inside and outside the axoplasm. With these conventio...Until now, nerve conduction has been described on the basis of equivalent circuit model and cable theory, both of which supposed closed electric circuits spreading inside and outside the axoplasm. With these conventional models, we can simulate the propagating pattern of action potential along the axonal membrane based on Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law. However, we could not fully explain the different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated nerves with these theories. Also, whether we can really suppose closed electrical circuits in the actual site of the nerves or not has not been fully discussed yet. In this report, a recently introduced new theoretical model of nerve conduction based on electrostatic molecular interactions within the axoplasm will be reviewed. With this new approach, we can explain the different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated nerves. This new mathematical conductive model based on electrostatic compressional wave in the intracellular fluid may also be able to explain the signal integration in the neuronal cell body and the back-propagation mechanism from the axons to the dendrites. With this new mathematical nerve conduction model based on electrostatic molecular interactions within the intracellular fluid, we may be able to achieve an integrated explanation for the physiological phenomena taking place in the nervous system.展开更多
Application of novel radio technologies and equip-ment inevitably leads to electromagnetic pollution.One-dimensional polymer-based composite membrane structures have been shown to be an effective strategy to obtain hi...Application of novel radio technologies and equip-ment inevitably leads to electromagnetic pollution.One-dimensional polymer-based composite membrane structures have been shown to be an effective strategy to obtain high-performance microwave absorbers.Herein,we reported a one-dimensional N-doped carbon nanofibers material which encapsulated the hollow Co_(3)SnC_(0.7) nano-cubes in the fiber lumen by electrospinning.Space charge stacking formed between nanoparticles can be channeled by longitudinal fibrous structures.The dielectric constant of the fibers is highly related to the carbonization temperature,and the great impedance matching can be achieved by synergetic effect between Co_(3)SnC_(0.7) and carbon network.At 800℃,the necklace-like Co_(3)SnC_(0.7)/CNF with 5%low load achieves an excellent RL value of−51.2 dB at 2.3 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth of 7.44 GHz with matching thickness of 2.5 mm.The multiple electromagnetic wave(EMW)reflections and interfacial polarization between the fibers and the fibers internal contribute a major effect to attenuating the EMW.These strategies for regulating electromagnetic performance can be expanded to other electromagnetic functional materials which facilitate the development of emerging absorbers.展开更多
A natural force has been proposed, which is required to prevent the fusion and disappearance of the discrete electrical charges that are present on electrostatically attached opposing electrical charges. This force ma...A natural force has been proposed, which is required to prevent the fusion and disappearance of the discrete electrical charges that are present on electrostatically attached opposing electrical charges. This force may also explain the repulsion between objects with either matching positive or negative electrical charges. The energy of this force is referred to as KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). KELEA is especially attracted to dipolar compounds and to other materials with spatially separated opposite electrical charges. These compounds can be used to increase the level of KELEA in water. KELEA activated water can become an added source of KELEA for objects that are placed in close proximity to the water. It is generally held that the weight of an object is solely determined by its mass in relation to that of the earth. Yet, it was previously reported that the measured weight of certain KELEA attracting objects can undergo considerable variability over time. This observation is consistent with the concept that KELEA can contribute to the measured weight of certain objects. The present study strengthens this concept by demonstrating that the weight of cellulose containing materials, including paper, cotton fabrics, and wood, is increased if the materials are placed close to containers of KELEA activated water. It is further shown that electromagnetic radiation can significantly reduce the added weight of the KELEA exposed cellulose containing materials. Moreover, the previously added weight of the materials can be regained by replacing the materials back into the KELEA enhanced environment. It is proposed that the electrical charges that accompany electromagnetic radiation are able to competitively withdraw some of the KELEA from certain KELEA-enhanced objects. This effect can be reliably demonstrated using single sheets of writing paper, which are primarily composed of mechanically-bonded, branched cellulose fibers. There can be considerable fluctuations of the weight of the materials exposed to electromagnetic radiation after having been placed nearby to KELEA activated water. The weight instability is interpreted as being due to the electromagnetic radiation also triggering a dynamic process of rapid additions and removals of significant quantities of KELEA to and from objects. These observations are relevant to the further understanding of KELEA and to the potential health and climate consequences of manmade electromagnetic radiation causing a reduction in the environmental levels of KELEA.展开更多
A variety of electromagnetic wave absorption materials(EMWAs)have been reported,but the integration of powder materials and multifunctional devices should be investigated in-depth to adapt to practical demands.Herein,...A variety of electromagnetic wave absorption materials(EMWAs)have been reported,but the integration of powder materials and multifunctional devices should be investigated in-depth to adapt to practical demands.Herein,carbon-coated cobalt composites were prepared by adsorbing magnetic metal cations into an anionic crystalline framework through an electrostatic encapsulate process.Excellent reflection loss(RL_(min))of-40.49 d B and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.36 GHz(RL<-10 d B,10.4-15.76 GHz)was achieved with an optimal radar cross section(RCS)reduction of 34.9 dB·m^(2) for the sample tested.For commercial applications,Co@CN-4 was integrated into sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)aerogel to create an ultra-lightweight composite aerogel that is compressive resistant and heat-holding while also having photothermal conversion capabilities.The hydrophobic modification makes it more widely useful.This study provides a new strategy for EWAMs to integrate versatility and improve their application prospects.展开更多
In a quasi-two-dimensional model, the scattering of incident ordinary electromag- netic waves by a dipole-electrostatic drift vortex is studied with first-order Born approximation. The distribution of the scattering c...In a quasi-two-dimensional model, the scattering of incident ordinary electromag- netic waves by a dipole-electrostatic drift vortex is studied with first-order Born approximation. The distribution of the scattering cross-section and total cross-section are evaluated analytically in different approximate conditions, and the physical interpretations are discussed. When the wavelength of incident wave is much longer than the vortex radius (kia〈〈1), it is found that the angle at which the scattering cross-section reaches its maxim depends significantly on the approximation of the parameters of the vortex used. It is also found that the total scattering cross-section has an affinitive relation with the parameters of the plasma, while it is irrelevant to the frequency of the incident wave in a wide range of parameters of the vortex. In a totally different range of parameters when incident wave is in the radar-frequency range (then kia 〈〈 1, the wavelength of incident wave is much shorter than the vortex radius), the numerical procedure is conducted with computer in order to obtain the distribution and the total expression of the scattering crosssection. Then it is found that the total scattering cross-section in the low frequency range is much larger than that in high frequency range, so the scattering is more effective in the low frequency range than in high frequency range.展开更多
An exact solution is derived for the equation of motion of a charged particle driven by an electrostatic wave.The explicit expression of particle velocity is obtained,and the trapping condition of the charged particle...An exact solution is derived for the equation of motion of a charged particle driven by an electrostatic wave.The explicit expression of particle velocity is obtained,and the trapping condition of the charged particle in the electrostatic wave is also derived exactly.The interaction between the charged particle and the electrostatic wave is discussed,which is a supplement to the existing textbook of plasma physics.The results are of interest to particle accelerators,microwave tubes,and basic plasma processes.展开更多
文摘The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 40390150 and the International Collaboration Research Team Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Non-Maxwellian particle distribution functions possessing high energy tail and shoulder in the profile of distribution function considerably change the damping characteristics of the waves. In the present paper Landau damping of electron plasma (Langmuir) waves and ion-acoustic waves in a hot, isotropic, unmagnetized plasma is studied with the generalized (r, q) distribution function. The results show that for the Langmuir oscillations Landau damping becomes severe as the spectral index r or q reduces. However, for the ion-acoustic waves Landau damping is more sensitive to the ion temperature than the spectral indices.
文摘The effect of a high frequency (HF) electric field on the propagation of electrostatic wave in a 2D non-uniform relativistic plasma waveguide is investigated. A variable separation method is applied to the two-fluid plasma model. An analytical study of the reflection of electrostatic wave propagation along a magnetized non-uniform relativistic plasma slab subjected to an intense HF electric field is presented and compared with the case of a non relativistic plasma. It is found that, when the frequency of the incident wave is close to the relativistic electron plasma frequency, the plasma is less reflective due to the presence of both an HF field and the effect of relativistic electrons. On the other hand, for a low-frequency incident wave the reflection coefficient is directly proportional to the amplitude of the HF field. Also, it is shown that the relativistic electron plasma leads to a decrease in the value of reflection coefficient in comparison with the case of the non relativistic plasma.
文摘The trajectory of charge particles will be changed by electrostatic wave with a large amplitude in plasma.The dispersion relation of drift waves is derived with the help of integration along the changed trajectory.It shows that the drift wave instability can be suppressed by so-called“quasi-Larmor radius effect”as long as the condition,K.Se>K.Si,is satisfied,where K is the wave number of drift wave,Se and Si are the amplitudes of shift of electrons and ions,respectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10905015 and 10747122the Foundation of Anhui Educational Committee under Grant No. 2009SQRZ010
文摘By using the quantum magnetohydrodynamic model, the electrostatic waves in weakly magnetized quantum plasmas are investigated. The electrons are treated as a quantum and magnetized species, while the ions are classical unmagnetized ones. The general dispersion relations are derived. It is shown that, both the high frequency electron waves (Langmuire wave and upper-hybrid wave) and the low frequency ion acoustic wave can propagate when the plasmas are cold.
文摘Propagation of coupled electrostatic drift and ion-acoustic waves(DIAWs) is presented. It is shown that nonlinear solitary vortical structures can be formed by low-frequency coupled electrostatic DIAWs. Primary waves of distinct(small, intermediate and large) scales are considered. Appropriate set of 3 D equations consisting of the generalized Hasegawa-Mima equation for the electrostatic potential(involving both vector and scalar nonlinearities) and the equation of motion of ions parallel to magnetic field are obtained. According to experiments of laboratory plasma mainly focused to large scale DIAWs, the possibility of self-organization of DIAWs into the nonlinear solitary vortical structures is shown analytically. Peculiarities of scalar nonlinearities in the formation of solitary vortical structures are widely discussed.
文摘In this paper, the quantum hydrodynamics (QHD) model is used to study the propagation of small- but finite-amplitude quantum electrostatic shock-wave in an inertial-less symmetric pair (ion) plasma with immobile background positive constituents. The dispersion due to the quantum tunneling and inertial effects as well as dissipation caused by particle collisions leading to the shock-like or double-layer structures are considered. Investigation of both the stationary and traveling-wave solutions to Kortewege-de Veries-Burgers evolution equation show that critical values exist which govern the type of collective plasma structures. Current analysis apply to diverse kind of symmetric plasmas such as laboratory inertially confined or astrophysical pair-ion or electron-positron degenerate plasmas.
文摘Existing explanations for several major phenomena in physics may need to be reconsidered in light of the description of a natural force termed KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). Three examples are selected for discussion in this paper: i) The proposed wave-particle duality of electrons;ii) cold fusion;and iii) superconductivity. The current interpretations of these enigmatic concepts are incomplete and not fully validated by scientific methods. The observations underlying these processes are seemingly consistent with KELEA acting as a repelling force between opposite electrical charges. Relatively simple experiments can be designed to either confirm or exclude KELEA in these and in various other currently perplexing physical phenomena.
文摘Until now, nerve conduction has been described on the basis of equivalent circuit model and cable theory, both of which supposed closed electric circuits spreading inside and outside the axoplasm. With these conventional models, we can simulate the propagating pattern of action potential along the axonal membrane based on Ohm's law and Kirchhoff's law. However, we could not fully explain the different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated nerves with these theories. Also, whether we can really suppose closed electrical circuits in the actual site of the nerves or not has not been fully discussed yet. In this report, a recently introduced new theoretical model of nerve conduction based on electrostatic molecular interactions within the axoplasm will be reviewed. With this new approach, we can explain the different conductive patterns in unmyelinated and myelinated nerves. This new mathematical conductive model based on electrostatic compressional wave in the intracellular fluid may also be able to explain the signal integration in the neuronal cell body and the back-propagation mechanism from the axons to the dendrites. With this new mathematical nerve conduction model based on electrostatic molecular interactions within the intracellular fluid, we may be able to achieve an integrated explanation for the physiological phenomena taking place in the nervous system.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2019YQ24)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province (No.tsqn202103057)+1 种基金the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution (Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites)Special Financial of Shandong Province (Structural Design of High-efficiency Electromagnetic Wave-absorbing Composite Materials and Construction of Shandong Provincial Talent Teams)
文摘Application of novel radio technologies and equip-ment inevitably leads to electromagnetic pollution.One-dimensional polymer-based composite membrane structures have been shown to be an effective strategy to obtain high-performance microwave absorbers.Herein,we reported a one-dimensional N-doped carbon nanofibers material which encapsulated the hollow Co_(3)SnC_(0.7) nano-cubes in the fiber lumen by electrospinning.Space charge stacking formed between nanoparticles can be channeled by longitudinal fibrous structures.The dielectric constant of the fibers is highly related to the carbonization temperature,and the great impedance matching can be achieved by synergetic effect between Co_(3)SnC_(0.7) and carbon network.At 800℃,the necklace-like Co_(3)SnC_(0.7)/CNF with 5%low load achieves an excellent RL value of−51.2 dB at 2.3 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth of 7.44 GHz with matching thickness of 2.5 mm.The multiple electromagnetic wave(EMW)reflections and interfacial polarization between the fibers and the fibers internal contribute a major effect to attenuating the EMW.These strategies for regulating electromagnetic performance can be expanded to other electromagnetic functional materials which facilitate the development of emerging absorbers.
文摘A natural force has been proposed, which is required to prevent the fusion and disappearance of the discrete electrical charges that are present on electrostatically attached opposing electrical charges. This force may also explain the repulsion between objects with either matching positive or negative electrical charges. The energy of this force is referred to as KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction). KELEA is especially attracted to dipolar compounds and to other materials with spatially separated opposite electrical charges. These compounds can be used to increase the level of KELEA in water. KELEA activated water can become an added source of KELEA for objects that are placed in close proximity to the water. It is generally held that the weight of an object is solely determined by its mass in relation to that of the earth. Yet, it was previously reported that the measured weight of certain KELEA attracting objects can undergo considerable variability over time. This observation is consistent with the concept that KELEA can contribute to the measured weight of certain objects. The present study strengthens this concept by demonstrating that the weight of cellulose containing materials, including paper, cotton fabrics, and wood, is increased if the materials are placed close to containers of KELEA activated water. It is further shown that electromagnetic radiation can significantly reduce the added weight of the KELEA exposed cellulose containing materials. Moreover, the previously added weight of the materials can be regained by replacing the materials back into the KELEA enhanced environment. It is proposed that the electrical charges that accompany electromagnetic radiation are able to competitively withdraw some of the KELEA from certain KELEA-enhanced objects. This effect can be reliably demonstrated using single sheets of writing paper, which are primarily composed of mechanically-bonded, branched cellulose fibers. There can be considerable fluctuations of the weight of the materials exposed to electromagnetic radiation after having been placed nearby to KELEA activated water. The weight instability is interpreted as being due to the electromagnetic radiation also triggering a dynamic process of rapid additions and removals of significant quantities of KELEA to and from objects. These observations are relevant to the further understanding of KELEA and to the potential health and climate consequences of manmade electromagnetic radiation causing a reduction in the environmental levels of KELEA.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22001156 and 22301239)the Youth Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(No.20210602)+4 种基金International Cooperation Key Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi,China(No.2022KWZ-06)the research project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province(No.2021JQ-533)the Research Program of the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.23JK0596)the open Foundation of Xi’an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials(No.CFZKFKT23003)Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education service local special project,industrialization cultivation project(No.23JC007)。
文摘A variety of electromagnetic wave absorption materials(EMWAs)have been reported,but the integration of powder materials and multifunctional devices should be investigated in-depth to adapt to practical demands.Herein,carbon-coated cobalt composites were prepared by adsorbing magnetic metal cations into an anionic crystalline framework through an electrostatic encapsulate process.Excellent reflection loss(RL_(min))of-40.49 d B and effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 5.36 GHz(RL<-10 d B,10.4-15.76 GHz)was achieved with an optimal radar cross section(RCS)reduction of 34.9 dB·m^(2) for the sample tested.For commercial applications,Co@CN-4 was integrated into sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)aerogel to create an ultra-lightweight composite aerogel that is compressive resistant and heat-holding while also having photothermal conversion capabilities.The hydrophobic modification makes it more widely useful.This study provides a new strategy for EWAMs to integrate versatility and improve their application prospects.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos,10375063.40336052)
文摘In a quasi-two-dimensional model, the scattering of incident ordinary electromag- netic waves by a dipole-electrostatic drift vortex is studied with first-order Born approximation. The distribution of the scattering cross-section and total cross-section are evaluated analytically in different approximate conditions, and the physical interpretations are discussed. When the wavelength of incident wave is much longer than the vortex radius (kia〈〈1), it is found that the angle at which the scattering cross-section reaches its maxim depends significantly on the approximation of the parameters of the vortex used. It is also found that the total scattering cross-section has an affinitive relation with the parameters of the plasma, while it is irrelevant to the frequency of the incident wave in a wide range of parameters of the vortex. In a totally different range of parameters when incident wave is in the radar-frequency range (then kia 〈〈 1, the wavelength of incident wave is much shorter than the vortex radius), the numerical procedure is conducted with computer in order to obtain the distribution and the total expression of the scattering crosssection. Then it is found that the total scattering cross-section in the low frequency range is much larger than that in high frequency range, so the scattering is more effective in the low frequency range than in high frequency range.
文摘An exact solution is derived for the equation of motion of a charged particle driven by an electrostatic wave.The explicit expression of particle velocity is obtained,and the trapping condition of the charged particle in the electrostatic wave is also derived exactly.The interaction between the charged particle and the electrostatic wave is discussed,which is a supplement to the existing textbook of plasma physics.The results are of interest to particle accelerators,microwave tubes,and basic plasma processes.