靶向非活性激酶DFG-out变构结合位点的研究进展

目前大多数激酶抑制剂是通过模拟ATP的结构,以识别激酶的活性构象来竞争性结合于ATP结合位点,从而抑制激酶的自磷酸化和下游的信号传导。然而,最近人们对已上市药物甲磺酸伊马替尼、尼罗替尼及对甲苯磺酸索拉非尼的晶体结构研究发现,在非活性激酶中ATP结合位点的相邻位置存在着第二个能与激酶抑制剂结合的位点———DFG-out变构结合位点。该位点的发现为以蛋白激酶为靶标的小分子激酶抑制剂的设计与开发指明了新的方向,成为抗肿瘤研究领域的新热点之一。因此,本文对非活性激酶的DFG-out变构结合位点的发现、非活性激酶与其抑制剂的结合方式及处于临床研究阶段的非活性激酶抑制剂进行了综述。

Allosteric kinase inhibitors:a new paradigm for effective and selective modulation of kinase activities

Dysregulation of kinases has been proven to be one of the main causes of abnormal growth and survival of cancer cells.Selective modulations of kinase activities have become the focus of many research programs for the development of safe and effective chemotherapy for cancers.So far,fifteen kinase inhibitors have received FDA approval for the treatment of various forms of cancers.Among them,the allosteric kinase inhibitors have been shown to have superior clinical profile in terms of safety and efficacy.In this review,we summarize the allosteric conformations of kinases,their corresponding inhibitors and the modes of their interactions.