Dialectical Thermodynamics’Solution to the Conceptual Imbroglio That Is the Reversible Path

According to the second law of thermodynamics, as currently understood, any given transit of a system along the reversible path proceeds with a total entropy change equal to zero. The fact that this condition is also the identifier of thermodynamic equilibrium, makes each and every point along the reversible path a state of equilibrium, and the reversible path, as expressed by a noted thermodynamic author, “a dense succession of equilibrium states”. The difficulties with these notions are plural. The fact, for example, that systems need to be forced out of equilibrium via the expenditure of work, would make any spontaneous reversible process a consumer of work, this in opposition to common thermodynamic wisdom that makes spontaneous reversible processes the most efficient transformers of work-producing-potential into actual work. The solution to this and other related impasses is provided by Dialectical Thermodynamics via its previously proved notion assigning a negative entropy change to the energy upgrading process represented by the transformation of heat into work. The said solution is here exemplified with the ideal-gas phase isomerization of butane into isobutane.

A Dialectical Way between Literal and Free Translation:Taking the Translation of English Similes as an Exemplar

Simile,as an important figure of speech,is widely used in various texts.And it has its own feature and different subtypes,which require that the translation methods-literal translation and free translation should be adopted dialectically in accordance with the content or form of the similes.Actually,free translation based on literal translation is much better even though adding some extensions or footnotes is employed,too.

PANSYSTEMS ANALYSIS: MATHEMATICS, METHODOLOGY, RELATIVITY AND DIALECTICAL THINKING

Based on new analysis modes and new definitions with relative mathematization and simplification or strengthening forms for concepts of. generalized systems, panderivatives, pansymmetry, panbox principle, pansystems relativity, etc., the framework and related principles of pansystems methodology and pansystems relativity are developed. Related contents include: pansystems with relatively universal mathematizing forms, 200 types of dualities, duality transformation, pansymmetry transformation, pansystems dialectics, the 8-domain method, pansystems mathematical methods, generalized quantification, the principles of approximation-transforming, pan-equivalence theorems, supply-demand analysis, thinking experiment, generalized gray systems, etc.

Investigating the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Clinical Symptoms, Anger Control and Emotional Regulation of Bully Children

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in clinical symptoms, anger control and emotional regulation of bully children. This research is a pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study design with a nonequivalent control group. The research sample comprises 24 bully children who were purposefully selected from among the students who had responded positively to the researcher’s call. The participants were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. Group therapy intervention was conducted on the experimental group during ten sessions. The tools applied in this study consisted of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire by Garnefski et al., State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory by Spielberger and Bullying Scale by Illinois, Espelage and Holt and the subjects answered to their questions in the stage of pretest and posttest. In this research, the data was analyzed based on the analysis of covariance test and with the aid of SPSS software. The findings demonstrated that dialectical behavior therapy has a significant impact on clinical symptoms, anger control and its components and emotional regulation and its components (P < 0.01).

Borderline Personality Disorders by Dialectical Therapy

This study aimed to discover the possibility of reducing the symptoms of borderline personality disorders (BPD) through the dialectical treatment of a sample group of individuals with BPD in Kuwait. To achieve this objective, a quasi-experimental approach was applied by dividing the study sample into two groups;the control group consisted of 75 individuals and the experimental group consisted of 75 individuals. In addition, a borderline personality disorder scale and program were developed based on American psychologist Marsha Linehan’s rules of dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT). Among the results, the study found statistically significant differences between members of the two groups due to the use of the counseling program based on dialectical treatment. This indicates a positive effect of using the counseling program to reduce the level of BPD among the members of the study sample, in favor of the experimental group.

Diagnostic value of traditional Chinese medical dialectical classification in hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspicious nodules

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of traditional Chinese medical(TCM)dialectical classification in Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspicious nodules.Methods:The clinical data of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with thyroid nodules in the Department of Breast and thyroid surgery of Weifang Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to December 2019 were collected.The patients were examined by 2 or more experienced TCM doctors,and the four diagnostic data were obtained,and then the relevant syndrome types of the patients were judged according to the data.According to the color Doppler ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules,the patients who met the indication of fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules were selected and underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules before operation.To analyze the clinical diagnostic value of that the ultrasonic mode used in this study and thyroid cytopathology Bethesda report system combine dialectical classification of traditional Chinese medicine in Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspected thyroid nodules.Result:A total of 89 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with thyroid nodules were collected.according to the ultrasonic mode,the difference between different modes was statistically significant(P<0.05).The mode of color ultrasound is also related to the dialectical classification of traditional Chinese medicine.The patients with high malignant risk score are mainly qi depression and phlegm stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis,while those with low score are exuberant liver fire and heart liver yin deficiency.According to the study of different The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology(TBSRTC)classification,the dialectical classification of patients with higher TBSRTC classification was more inclined to qi depression and phlegm stagnation,phlegm and blood stasis,and there was significant difference between different classification(P<0.05).Conclusion:Qi depression and phlegm obstruction,phlegm and blood stasis have high ultrasound malignant risk score and high TBSRTC classification grade in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis complicated with suspected thyroid nodules,which has important clinical diagnostic value.

Summary of Treating Headache Dialectically by Channel Acupoint Massage

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The New Curriculum for the Teaching of English——With Which Dialectical Knowledge in Education Is Raised

The paper ,with a theory of Action Research and especially dialecti cal knowledge,gives a brief analysis and discussion of the New English Standard Syllabus(also called the New Curriculum) and also points out the difference bet ween the New Curriculum and the traditional syllabus of the basic English cours e. It is also theoretically and practically designed with some excellent suggest ions on how to study the New Curriculum and make good use of English teaching.

Dialectical Translation

With the rapid development of science and technology,the principles and methods of translation are advancing by leaps and bounds.The dialectical translation advocates that no method is the sole and best one to abide by.In a word,the adoption of translation methods depends on the actual situation.They are indispensable and supplementary to each other.Thus,the research of translation theory and practice can strive for perfection.

Effect of dialectical behavior therapy on the serum neurotransmitters and cytokines in depression patients with suicidal tendency

Objective: To explore the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on the serum neurotransmitters and cytokines in depression patients with suicidal tendency. Methods: A total of 98 depression patients with suicidal tendency who were treated in the hospital between August 2014 and August 2017 were collected and divided into the control group (n=49) and the research group (n=49) by random number table. Control group received routine drug therapy, and study group received dialectical behavior therapy combined with drug therapy. The differences in serum levels of monoamine neurotransmitters, nerve function indexes and acute phase proteins were compared between the two groups of patients. Results: After treatment, serum NE, 5-HT and DA levels of research group were higher than those of control group;serum MBP and NSE levels of research group were lower than those of control group while BDNF level was higher than that of control group;serum Tf level of research group was higher than that of control group while Hp level was lower than that of control group. Conclusion: Dialectical behavior therapy intervention can effectively optimize the nerve function and improve the overall state of depression patients with suicidal tendency.

The Dialectical Basis and Ecological Implication of Marx’s Labor Value Theory

Left-wing ecologists generally think that Marx’s theory of labor value is completely opposite to ecology because it ascribes the substance of value to labor.The contemporary Marxist theorists regard this as the lack of true knowledge of the dialectical basis of labor theory of value.Dialectics is a method of studying things in a holistic and relational way,while the method of value analysis is the result of Marx’s study of capitalist mode of production in a holistic and relational way.According to the method of value analysis,the unity of opposites among value,exchange value,and use value constitutes the fundamental contradiction of capitalist mode of production,which inevitably leads to the adversarial relationship of capitalist value form.Marx constantly ascended from abstract to concrete,from part to whole,and then,the meaning of value analysis expanded to the whole material world,thus,the ecological dimension of labor value theory was completely expanded.

An Overview of the Study of the Materialist Dialectics of Late Engels and the Marxist Dialectical Debate

This year marks the 200th anniversary of the birth of the great proletarian revolutionary mentor Engels,and the theoretical community has once again started a wave of research on his thought.On the basis of Hegel’s dialectic,Engels inherited and developed Marx’s dialectic,and founded the materialist dialectic,which he called“the best tool and the sharpest weapon”.However,the relationship between Engels’materialist dialectics and Marx’s dialectics has been debated for more than a hundred years in the theoretical circles both at home and abroad,and it is of great significance to correctly summarize and elaborate the domestic and international views in order to clarify the internal logic and truth of Engels’materialist dialectics.

A Dialectical Approach to Nonverbal Communication

Nonverbal communication is an indispensable part of human interaction and plays an irreplaceable role in the communication process.This paper gives a brief introduction to the structure of nonverbal communication and discusses the pragmatic features of nonverbal behaviors from the dialectical point of view.Finally,some suggestions are made for the improvement of communicative competence.

Developing Lexicons for Enhanced Sentiment Analysis in Software Engineering:An Innovative Multilingual Approach for Social Media Reviews

Sentiment analysis is becoming increasingly important in today’s digital age, with social media being a significantsource of user-generated content. The development of sentiment lexicons that can support languages other thanEnglish is a challenging task, especially for analyzing sentiment analysis in social media reviews. Most existingsentiment analysis systems focus on English, leaving a significant research gap in other languages due to limitedresources and tools. This research aims to address this gap by building a sentiment lexicon for local languages,which is then used with a machine learning algorithm for efficient sentiment analysis. In the first step, a lexiconis developed that includes five languages: Urdu, Roman Urdu, Pashto, Roman Pashto, and English. The sentimentscores from SentiWordNet are associated with each word in the lexicon to produce an effective sentiment score. Inthe second step, a naive Bayesian algorithm is applied to the developed lexicon for efficient sentiment analysis ofRoman Pashto. Both the sentiment lexicon and sentiment analysis steps were evaluated using information retrievalmetrics, with an accuracy score of 0.89 for the sentiment lexicon and 0.83 for the sentiment analysis. The resultsshowcase the potential for improving software engineering tasks related to user feedback analysis and productdevelopment.

Dialectical Materialism Is the Worldview and Methodology of Chinese Communists

Dialectical materialism is the worldview and methodology of Chinese Communists. Mao Zedong once said that Marxism consists of several branches of learning, but the foundation is Marxist philosophy.In his works produced during the years of the revolutionary war such as Oppose Book Worship, On Practice, and On Contradiction,and in those from the period of socialist construction including On the Ten Major Relationships and On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People, Mao cleverly applied the worldview and methodology of dialectical materialism, gave distinctive Chinese characteristics to Marxist philosophy, and set a shining example for our Party in grasping and applying dialectical materialism.

The Haitian Revolution:An Insignificant Revolution?

This work posits that the Haitian Revolution became an insignificant Revolution the minute that it was usurped by the Affranchis class,the mulatto elites and petit-bourgeois creole blacks,seeking equality of opportunity,recognition,and distribution with their former colonial masters,from the Africans who commenced the event on the night of August 14th,1791.Whereas the Africans,I conclude,sought total freedom from the mercantilist and liberal order of the whites,which made the Haitian Revolution significant,the vindicationism sought by the Affranchis class undermined the agential initiatives of the Africans rendering the Revolution revolutionarily insignificant.

Hegel and the Antidialectic

This work,using the case study of the Haitian Revolution,positions Paul C.Mocombe’s theory of antidialectic within Hegel’s dialectical reasoning.Mocombe posits that the antidialectical position in Hegel’s dialectic is the position of each self-consciousness when they initially encounter each other at the onset of the master/slave dialectic.Whereas,the master seeks to move to the dialectical position in order to dominate and eliminate the original(antidialectical)position of the slave,the slave remains in this antidialectical position so long as they seek to fight against their enslavement for the purpose of maintaining and reproducing their original,antidialectical,position,which is social,political,economic,and ideological.In any other instances,they(the slaves)are either in the dialectical,seeking to maintain the status quo,or negative dialectical,seeking to integrate the status quo on equal footing with the master,positions.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Related Infertility Based on the Theory of“Liver and Kidney Homology”

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is an endocrine disorder caused by hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO)axis dysfunction.In the field of gynecology and reproduction,PCOS has emerged as both a research hot spot and a challenging area of study.According to Chinese medicine,this disease is related to kidney deficiency,phlegm and dampness obstruction,blood stasis and interconnection,Chong pulse impassability,the lack of Ren pulse,and the loss of uterine nourishment,all of which affect the normal development and maturation of eggs as well as the duration at which menstrual blood stores.In this paper,based on the theoretical basis of“liver collects blood,regulates the flow of qi,and is the master of drainage,”we explore the rationality of the treatment of this disease from the perspective of“liver and kidney have the same origin”and the development of PCOS-related infertility in relation to dysfunctional internal organs.We also explore the feasibility of treatment from the perspective of“liver and kidney homology,”expand the ideas for treatment,as well as develop and innovate the application of organ identification in PCOS in relation to infertility.

Reevaluation of dialect boundaries in the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella)based on citizen science data:Should we split or lump?

Dialects are a specific form of geographic variation of birdsong with relatively sharp boundaries between distinct song characteristics,which provide opportunities for focused studies of processes underlying the emergence of spatial patterns in vocalization.Several songbird species that exhibit dialects became models for such research,and for some of them large-scale datasets were assembled that included recordings provided by the public.Among them,the Yellowhammer(Emberiza citrinella,Emberizidae) is particularly prominent,as it has been recently a subject of dedicated citizen science projects focusing on its dialect distribution.The most successful,in terms of public participation as well as the number and density of obtained recordings,was the Dialects of Czech Yellowhammers(DCY) project,which assembled detailed data at the whole-country level.A mosaic of almost all common song variants known across Europe was observed in Czechia,but the results indicated that some of the traditionally recognized Yellowhammer dialects may not represent geographically clustered song variants,at least not in Central Europe.We quantitatively analysed variation(frequency and temporal characteristics and modulation) of the terminal song element in three dialects defined by arbitrary frequency thresholds in DCY.Multivariate analyses indicated that pooling these to two distinct groups reflects the variation in the songs,as well as their spatial distribution,better than retaining the current classification to three dialects or their finer splitting to even more categories.We provide simple measures that may be used for classification of these Yellowhammer song variants in Central Europe.However,we warn from indiscriminate transposing of results from one region to another,as that may lead to substantial biases.Future studies of birdsong variation will benefit from big data assembled by citizen scientists,but to maximise their usefulness for further dialect research,careful delineation of dialect boundaries is essential.