GAN与Diffusion在传统纹样设计中的实验研究

传统纹样是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,传统人工设计已经无法满足纹样的现代设计需求,生成式AI为传统纹样设计提供了新的设计路径和方法。文章将生成式AI应用于传统纹样设计中,通过适配实验优选基于GAN的Style GAN和基于Diffusion的Stable Diffusion两种主流图像生成模型进行实验,采用技术分析与艺术分析相结合,对实验结果进行多角度、多维度对比分析,为设计师选择生成设计方法提供参照。实验结果表明,两个模型均能满足基本的艺术设计需求。Style GAN模型生成的纹样图像更接近真实图像的分布,具有更高的图像质量和多样性;Stable Diffusion模型能较好地传承传统纹样的基因,艺术性与创造性兼具,更加符合传统纹样的艺术设计需求。

ControlNet插件在AI生成图像中的控制应用分析

运用AI绘图工具Stable Diffusion生成图像的过程中,虽然可以用提示词来描述画面,但生成图像的不确定性很大。为了生成满意的图像,可以使用Stable Diffusion的插件ControlNet对图像生成进行控制。本文分析了用ControlNet对图像生成过程的控制方法,并运用该方法在具体案例中实现了在生成图像过程中对画面构图的控制。

AIGC视野下的浙北民居风格研究路径初探

文章以Stable Diffusion为工具,以通过机器学习特定建筑风格图像并输出结果的方式,尝试对浙北民居的建筑风格在AIGC视野下的研究路径进行探索。文章建立了浙北民居与现代住宅图像的数据集并进行训练,得到该语境下的浙北民居风格模型,接着通过批量单独生成与混合生成,对生成的结果进行分类统计。最终发现了该模型在建筑风格模拟方面具有不同于人类直觉判断的抽象提取能力,进而概括了该类工具下生成结果的可能性与局限性。

从特征辨识到图像生成:基于AIGC范式的苗族服饰设计

苗族服饰是中国民族服饰体系中重要的组成部分,在商品化发展中开辟了广阔的市场,但产品同质化现象将阻碍民族文化的进一步发展,人工智能生成内容(AIGC)的发展为传统服饰设计提供了新的可能。文章基于苗族服饰现代化的需要,通过搭建多模型组合流程,为苗族服饰成衣化设计提供灵感样本。实验结果表明,以服饰辨识性为基础,采用Lora训练方式,仅需少量样本即可实现苗族服饰特征在Stable Diffusion生成内容中的迁移。将深度学习引入非遗服饰现代化的进程中,旨在助力非遗服饰朝着成衣化、多样化、大众化方向发展,以数字化方式推动民族服饰转型升级。

基于Stable Diffusion的虚拟人形象预设计的应用与研究

对当前AIGC在虚拟形象预设计方面的现状及影响进行了分析和探讨。以Stable Diffusion为例,详细介绍了工程构建和实现,对相关模块的作用、运行环境、使用方法及其指令等多个方面进行了综合叙述、分析和探讨,针对使用不同采样方法、不同采样参数及不同训练模型生成图片效果的优劣进行了说明及展示。随后,通过项目实例,完整地展示了人物形象预设计的过程。最后,对AIGC等新技术可能带来的社会影响进行了预测和总结。

Simulation of the Ecosystem Productivity Responses to Aerosol Diffuse Radiation Fertilization Effects over the Pan-Arctic during 2001–19

The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.

Microstructure and thermal properties of dissimilar M300–CuCr1Zr alloys by multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion

Multi-material laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) allows manufacturing of parts with 3-dimensional gradient and additional functionality in a single step. This research focuses on the combination of thermally-conductive CuCr1Zr with hard M300 tool steel.Two interface configurations of M300 on CuCr1Zr and CuCr1Zr on M300 were investigated. Ultra-fine grains form at the interface due to the low mutual solubility of Cu and steel. The material mixing zone size is dependent on the configurations and tunable in the range of0.1–0.3 mm by introducing a separate set of parameters for the interface layers. Microcracks and pores mainly occur in the transition zone.Regardless of these defects, the thermal diffusivity of bimetallic parts with 50vol% of CuCr1Zr significantly increases by 70%–150%compared to pure M300. The thermal diffusivity of CuCr1Zr and the hardness of M300 steel can be enhanced simultaneously by applying the aging heat treatment.

Effect of Cosmic Plasma on the Observation of Supernovae Ia

In observational cosmology,a supernova la is used as a standard candle in order to extend the Hubble diagram to a higher redshift range.Astrophysicists found that the observed brightness of high redshift supernovae la is dimmer than expected.This dimming effect is considered observational evidence for the existence of dark energy in the universe.It should be noted that this conclusion is based on an assumption that the mass density of the cosmic plasma is very small.Therefore,the dimming effect caused by the Compton scattering of free electrons in cosmic plasma can be neglected.X-ray observations suggest that the mass density of the cosmic plasma may be very large.In theory,the observed dimming effect of high redshift supernovae Ia may be caused by the Compton scattering of free electrons in the cosmic plasma.In this paper it will be shown that this idea is reasonable.Therefore,there is no need to introduce the confusing concept of dark energy into cosmology.

基于提示词优化的AIGC汉长安城遗址儿童绘本应用研究

以汉长安城遗址中椒房殿为测试对象,探究和优化Stable Diffusion中的提示词输入策略生成椒房殿复原设想图,并且依据该输入逻辑制作出儿童绘本素材图。研究将AI绘画、汉文化和儿童绘本创新性的融合,对于AI艺术应用和儿童美育教育实践具有可供参考的推广价值。

基于美学梯度法的人工智能风格化绘画系统

当前Stable diffusion等人工智能绘画模型在绘画时难以直接控制图像风格,同时风格模型训练仅针对单种风格。针对该问题,提出了一种基于美学梯度法的人工智能风格化绘画系统,以实现多种图像风格的控制和融合,并提供更加便捷的图像创作体验。收集并分析网络用户数据,结合问卷得到用户对图像风格的感性需求;根据感性需求收集各风格图像数据得到对应的风格图像训练集。使用梯度下降算法计算风格化文本编码器的权重,实现生成图像风格化的效果。通过可用性测试对比用户对该系统与传统人工智能绘画系统产出图像的风格满意程度,结果表明:人工智能风格化绘画系统的平均满意度相较传统人工智能绘画系统提升23%,表明人工智能风格化绘画系统在图像风格生成上具有更好的效果,可满足用户对图像风格的需求。该人工智能风格化绘画系统可以更便捷地实现图像风格调整,允许用户直观选择不同风格的权重,便捷使用一种或多种风格,能够有效满足用户对图像风格设计的需求。

Diffuseness effect and radial basis function network for optimizing α decay calculations

A radial basis function network(RBFN)approach is adopted for the first time to optimize the calculation of$\alpha$decay half-life in the generalized liquid drop model(GLDM),while concurrently incorporating the surface diffuseness effect.The calculations presented herein agree closely with the experimental half-lives for 68 superheavy nuclei(SHN),achieving a remarkable reduction of 40%in the root-mean-square(rms)deviations of half-lives.Furthermore,using the RBFN method,the half-lives for four SHN isotopes,252-288Rf,272-310Fl,286-316119,and 292-318120,are predicted using the improved GLDM with the diffuseness correction and the decay energies from WS4 and FRDM as inputs.Therefore,we conclude that the diffuseness effect should be embodied in the proximity energy.Moreover,increased application of neural network methods in nuclear reaction studies is encouraged.

Spatial sensitivity to absorption changes for various near-infrared spectroscopy methods:A compendium review

This compendium review focuses on the spatial distribution of sensitivity to localized absorption changes in optically diffuse media,particularly for measurements relevant to near-infrared spectroscopy.The three temporal domains,continuous wave,frequency domain,and time domain,each obtain different optical data types whose changes may be related to effective homogeneous changes in the absorption coefficient.Sensitivity is the relationship between a localized perturbation and the recovered effective homogeneous absorption change.Therefore,spatial sensitivity maps representing the perturbation location can be generated for the numerous optical data types in the three temporal domains.The review first presents a history of the past 30 years of work investigating this sensitivity in optically diffuse media.These works are experimental and theoretical,presenting one-,two-,and three-dimensional sensitivity maps for different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy methods,domains,and data types.Following this history,we present a compendium of sensitivity maps organized by temporal domain and then data type.This compendium provides a valuable tool to compare the spatial sensitivity of various measurement methods and parameters in one document.Methods for one to generate these maps are provided in Appendix A,including the code.This historical review and comprehensive sensitivity map compendium provides a single source researchers may use to visualize,investigate,compare,and generate sensitivity to localized absorption change maps.

Entropy variances of pure coherent states in the diffusion channel

Using the operator correspondence of the real and fictious modes in the thermo entangled state representation, wesolve the quantum master equation describing the diffusion channel and obtain the Kraus operator-sum representation ofits analytical solution. we find that the pure coherent states evolve into the new mixed thermal superposed states in thediffusion channel. Also, we investigate the statistical properties of the initial coherent states and their entropy evolutions inthe diffusion channel, and find that the entropy evolutions are only related to the decay time and without the amplitudes ofthe initial coherent states.

从Make-A-Video到Sora:AI视频生成技术的进步与挑战

随着人工智能技术的飞速发展,AI视频生成技术已成为研究和应用的热点。从Meta的MakeA-Video, Runway AI的Runway Gen-2,Stability AI的Stable Video Diffusion,到Google的Lumiere,再到OpenAI的Sora,每一个模型的推出都不仅代表了AI视频生成技术的进步,也带来了新的挑战。回顾了这些关键AI视频模型的原理和特点,并对比它们之间的优势和不足,探讨了AI视频生成技术面临的主要挑战,展望了未来的发展方向。

Unraveling engineering disturbance effects on deformation in red-bed mudstone railway cuttings:incorporating crack-facilitated moisture diffusion

Red-bed mudstone, prevalent in southwest China, poses a formidable challenge due to its hydrophilic clay minerals, resulting in expansion, deformation, and cracking upon exposure to moisture. This study addresses uplift deformation disasters in high-speed railways by employing a moisture diffusion-deformation-fracture coupling model based on the finite-discrete element method(FDEM). The model integrates the influence of cracks on moisture diffusion. The investigation into various excavation depths reveals a direct correlation between depth and the formation of tensile cracks at the bottom of the railway cutting. These cracks expedite moisture migration, significantly impacting the temporal and spatial evolution of the moisture field. Additionally, crack expansion dominates hygroscopic deformation, with the lateral coordinate of the crack zone determining peak vertical displacement. Furthermore, key factors influencing deformation in railway cuttings, including the swelling factor and initial moisture content at the bottom of the cutting, are explored. The number of tensile and shear cracks increases with greater excavation depth, particularly concerning shear cracks. Higher swelling factors and initial moisture contents result in an increased total number of cracks, predominantly shear cracks. Numerical calculations provide valuable insights, offering a scientific foundation and directional guidance for the precise prevention, control, prediction, and comprehensive treatment of mudstone-related issues in high-speed railways.

Modeling of Leachate Propagation in a Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Foundation

The study deals with the numerical modeling of leachate distribution in the porous medium located under a municipal solid waste disposal landfill(MSWLF).The considered three-layer system is based on geological data obtained from field measurements.For simplicity,the problem is investigated by assuming a two-component approach.Nevertheless,the heat produced by landfills due to biological and chemical processes and the thermal diffusion mechanism contributing to pollution transport are taken into account.The numerical modeling of the propagation of leachate in the considered layered porous medium is implemented for parameters corresponding to natural soil and for the case where disruption of the porous medium structure is due to cracks formation or erosion.The latter is accompanied by an increase in rock permeability.In this case,the emergence of multi-vortex flow in the layer of high permeability is observed to substantially influence the bottom layers and cause intensification of the leachate propagation.These effects should be taken into account when estimating the parameters and properties of materials required for the construction of solid waste disposal facilities.

ON MONOTONE TRAVELING WAVES FOR NICHOLSON'S BLOWFLIES EQUATION WITH DEGENERATE p-LAPLACIAN DIFFUSION

We study the existence and stability of monotone traveling wave solutions of Nicholson's blowflies equation with degenerate p-Laplacian diffusion.We prove the existence and nonexistence of non-decreasing smooth traveling wave solutions by phase plane analysis methods.Moreover,we show the existence and regularity of an original solution via a compactness analysis.Finally,we prove the stability and exponential convergence rate of traveling waves by an approximated weighted energy method.

3D robust anisotropic diffusion filtering algorithm for sparse view neutron computed tomography 3D image reconstruction

The most critical part of a neutron computed tomography(NCT) system is the image processing algorithm,which directly affects the quality and speed of the reconstructed images.Various types of noise in the system can degrade the quality of the reconstructed images.Therefore,to improve the quality of the reconstructed images of NCT systems,efficient image processing algorithms must be used.The anisotropic diffusion filtering(ADF) algorithm can not only effectively suppress the noise in the projection data,but also preserve the image edge structure information by reducing the diffusion at the image edges.Therefore,we propose the application of the ADF algorithm for NCT image reconstruction.To compare the performance of different algorithms in NCT systems,we reconstructed images using the ordered subset simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique(OS-SART) algorithm with different regular terms as image processing algorithms.In the iterative reconstruction,we selected two image processing algorithms,the Total Variation and split Bregman solved total variation algorithms,for comparison with the performance of the ADF algorithm.Additionally,the filtered back-projection algorithm was used for comparison with an iterative algorithm.By reconstructing the projection data of the numerical and clock models,we compared and analyzed the effects of each algorithm applied in the NCT system.Based on the reconstruction results,OS-SART-ADF outperformed the other algorithms in terms of denoising,preserving the edge structure,and suppressing artifacts.For example,when the 3D Shepp–Logan was reconstructed at 25 views,the root mean square error of OS-SART-ADF was the smallest among the four iterative algorithms,at only 0.0292.The universal quality index,mean structural similarity,and correlation coefficient of the reconstructed image were the largest among all algorithms,with values of 0.9877,0.9878,and 0.9887,respectively.

Diffusion and reaction mechanism of limestone and quartz in fluxed iron ore pellet roasting process

The increase to the proportion of fluxed pellets in the blast furnace burden is a useful way to reduce the carbon emissions in the ironmaking process.In this study,the interaction between calcium carbonate and iron ore powder and the mineralization mechanism of fluxed iron ore pellet in the roasting process were investigated through diffusion couple experiments.Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the elements’diffusion and phase transformation during the roasting process.The results indicated that limestone decomposed into calcium oxide,and magnetite was oxidized to hematite at the early stage of preheating.With the increase in roasting temperature,the diffusion rate of Fe and Ca was obviously accelerated,while the diffusion rate of Si was relatively slow.The order of magnitude of interdiffusion coefficient of Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO diffusion couple was 10^(−10) m^(2)·s^(−1) at a roasting temperature of 1200℃for 9 h.Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) was the initial product in the Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2) diffusion interface,and then Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5) continued to react with Fe_(2)O_(3) to form CaFe_(2)O_(4).With the expansion of the diffusion region,the sillico-ferrite of calcium liquid phase was produced due to the melting of SiO_(2) into CaFe_(2)O_(4),which can strengthen the consolidation of fluxed pellets.Furthermore,andradite would be formed around a small part of quartz particles,which is also conducive to the consolidation of fluxed pellets.In addition,the principle diagram of limestone and quartz diffusion reaction in the process of fluxed pellet roasting was discussed.

Impact of Sky Conditions on Net Ecosystem Productivity over a “Floating Blanket” Wetland in Southwest China

Based on eddy covariance(EC) measurements during 2016–20, the effects of sky conditions on the net ecosystem productivity(NEP) over a subtropical “floating blanket ” wetland were investigated. Sky conditions were divided into overcast, cloudy, and sunny conditions. On the half-hourly timescale, the daytime NEP responded more rapidly to the changes in the total photosynthetic active radiation(PARt) under overcast and cloudy skies than that under sunny skies. The increase in the apparent quantum yield under overcast and cloudy conditions was the greatest in spring and the least in summer. Additionally, lower atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and moderate air temperature were more conducive to enhancing the apparent quantum yield under cloudy skies. On the daily timescale, NEP and the gross primary production(GPP) were higher under cloudy or sunny conditions than those under overcast conditions across seasons. The daily NEP and GPP during the wet season peaked under cloudy skies. The daily ecosystem light use efficiency(LUE) and water use efficiency(WUE) during the wet season also changed with sky conditions and reached their maximum under overcast and cloudy skies, respectively. The diffuse photosynthetic active radiation(PAR_d) and air temperature were primarily responsible for the variation of daily NEP from half-hourly to monthly timescales, and the direct photosynthetic active radiation(PAR_b) had a secondary effect on NEP. Under sunny conditions, PAR_b and air temperature were the dominant factors controlling daily NEP. While daily NEP was mainly controlled by PAR_d under cloudy and overcast conditions.