Learners in hypermedia educational systems （HES） often become disorientated and experience cognitive overhead. This study presents a method for reducing disorientation in HES. The study uses two usability methods, r...Learners in hypermedia educational systems （HES） often become disorientated and experience cognitive overhead. This study presents a method for reducing disorientation in HES. The study uses two usability methods, retrospective thinking aloud （RTA） and performance measure （PM）, to find usability problems in HES that impact participant disorientation. The participants had field independent （FI） and field dependent （FD） cognitive styles. The results indicate that the participants＇ disorientation degree using the RTA method is significantly less than those using the PM method. For the effect of cognitive styles, only the average search steps index showed that FI learners are significantly less disorientated than FD learners. The results can help designers of hyperrnedia systems design tools to reduce user disorientation.展开更多
This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to ...This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. An abnormal MRI signal was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. Immediately after the encephalitis onset, mental symptoms—including impaired consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions—appeared;however, his condition improved with medical treatment. After transfer to a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital, various neuropsychological tests were conducted but no apparent functional decline was observed in intellectual function, attention, memorization, or retention. However, the patient exhibited impairments related to autobiographical memory and memory of events 4?-?5 years before the onset of limbic encephalitis. Based on these observations, the patient was considered to exhibit focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. Despite exhibiting retrograde amnesia, he had no difficulty in his daily life in the ward. Moreover, after discharge from hospital, smooth work reinstatement was possible. This case demonstrates that, even after exhibiting retrograde amnesia, if its duration is relatively short and physical function and other higher-order brain functions are sustained, social rehabilitation—including work reinstatement—is feasible.展开更多
文摘Learners in hypermedia educational systems （HES） often become disorientated and experience cognitive overhead. This study presents a method for reducing disorientation in HES. The study uses two usability methods, retrospective thinking aloud （RTA） and performance measure （PM）, to find usability problems in HES that impact participant disorientation. The participants had field independent （FI） and field dependent （FD） cognitive styles. The results indicate that the participants＇ disorientation degree using the RTA method is significantly less than those using the PM method. For the effect of cognitive styles, only the average search steps index showed that FI learners are significantly less disorientated than FD learners. The results can help designers of hyperrnedia systems design tools to reduce user disorientation.
文摘This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. An abnormal MRI signal was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. Immediately after the encephalitis onset, mental symptoms—including impaired consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions—appeared;however, his condition improved with medical treatment. After transfer to a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital, various neuropsychological tests were conducted but no apparent functional decline was observed in intellectual function, attention, memorization, or retention. However, the patient exhibited impairments related to autobiographical memory and memory of events 4?-?5 years before the onset of limbic encephalitis. Based on these observations, the patient was considered to exhibit focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. Despite exhibiting retrograde amnesia, he had no difficulty in his daily life in the ward. Moreover, after discharge from hospital, smooth work reinstatement was possible. This case demonstrates that, even after exhibiting retrograde amnesia, if its duration is relatively short and physical function and other higher-order brain functions are sustained, social rehabilitation—including work reinstatement—is feasible.
