子宫内膜癌中DKK-1基因启动子低甲基化改变与其临床病理特征的关系

目的探索Dickkopf相关蛋白1(DKK-1)基因启动子区甲基化变化与子宫内膜癌临床病理特征的关系。方法采用甲基化特异性PCR(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)对52例子宫内膜癌、30例子宫内膜不典型增生患者及25例正常子宫内膜受试者进行DNA甲基化状态检测。免疫组织化学[链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连结(immunohistochemistry,streptomyces antibiotin protein-peroxidase binding,IHC S-P)]法测定雌激素受体、孕激素受体在子宫内膜癌细胞中的表达。结果检测到38例(73.08%)子宫内膜癌组织中DKK-1基因启动子区发生低甲基化改变,而子宫内膜非典型增生组织中为14例(46.67%)及正常子宫内膜组织为9例(36.00%)(χ^(2)=11.289,P=0.030)。DKK-1低甲基化阳性率在子宫内膜癌患者的不同国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期、病理类型和分级、雌、孕激素受体表达中差异具有统计学意义(P=0.043)。结论DKK-1基因启动子区低甲基化可能是子宫内膜癌发生中的早期且频发事件,且可能与子宫内膜癌的侵袭、迁移和不良预后密切相关。

Wilm′s tumor gene1肽疫苗Galinpepimut-S在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

目的为Wilm′s tumor gene1(WT1)肽疫苗Galinpepimut-S(GPS)用于肿瘤免疫治疗的后续研究提供参考。方法采用计算机检索中国知网、PubMed等数据库自建库起至2022年12月的肿瘤免疫治疗相关文献,总结GPS在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用现状。结果GPS能激发自身免疫系统,对WT1抗原产生强烈免疫反应而发挥抗肿瘤作用,在卵巢癌、恶性胸膜间皮瘤、急性髓系白血病、多发性骨髓瘤的治疗中均显示出较好的疗效。结论以GPS为代表的肿瘤疫苗是未来肿瘤治疗的重要方向,需进一步进行临床研究,以获取更多数据。

Knockdown of the atypical protein kinase genes GhABC1K2-A05 and GhABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress

Activity of bc1 complex kinase(ABC1K)is an atypical protein kinase(aPK)that plays a crucial role in plant mitochondrial and plastid stress responses,but little is known about the responses of ABC1Ks to stress in cotton(Gossypium spp.).Here,we identified 40 ABC1Ks in upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)and found that the Gh ABC1Ks were unevenly distributed across 17 chromosomes.The GhABC1K family members included 35 paralogous gene pairs and were expanded by segmental duplication.The GhABC1K promoter sequences contained diverse cis-acting regulatory elements relevant to hormone or stress responses.The qRT-PCR results revealed that most Gh ABC1Ks were upregulated by exposure to different stresses.Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 expression levels were upregulated by at least three stress treatments.These genes were further functionally characterized by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS).Compared with the controls,the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced cotton lines exhibited higher malondialdehyde(MDA)contents,lower catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities and reduced chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents under NaCl and PEG stress.In addition,the expression levels of six stress marker genes(Gh DREB2A,Gh SOS1,Gh CIPK6,Gh SOS2,Gh WRKY33,and Gh RD29A)were significantly downregulated after stress in the Gh ABC1K2-A05-and Gh ABC1K12-A07-silenced lines.The results indicate that knockdown of Gh ABC1K2-A05 and Gh ABC1K12-A07 make cotton more sensitive to salt and PEG stress.These findings can provide valuable information for intensive studies of Gh ABC1Ks in the responses and resistance of cotton to abiotic stresses.

The role of tazarotene-induced gene 1 in carcinogenesis:is it a tumor suppressor gene or an oncogene?

Tazarotene-induced gene 1(TIG1)is induced by a derivative of vitamin A and is known to regulate many important biological processes and control the development of cancer.TIG1 is widely expressed in various tissues;yet in many cancer tissues,it is not expressed because of the methylation of its promoter.Additionally,the expression of TIG1 in cancer cells inhibits their growth and invasion,suggesting that TIG1 acts as a tumor suppressor gene.However,in some cancers,poor prognosis is associated with TIG1 expression,indicating its protumor growth characteristics,especially in promoting the invasion of inflammatory breast cancer cells.This review comprehensively summarizes the roles of the TIG1 gene in cancer development and details the mechanisms through which TIG1 regulates cancer development,with the aim of understanding its various roles in cancer development.

Multi-genome evolutionary study of the ABC1 gene family and identification of the pleiotropic effects of OsABC1-13 in rice development

In four rice genomes,85 ABC1-family genes were identified by comparative genomics,evolution,genetics,and physiology.One,OsABC1-13,was shown by knockdown and knockout experiments to affect plant height,grain size,and photosynthetic capability.

Defect in an immune regulator gene BrSRFR1 leads to premature leaf senescence in Chinese cabbage

Leaf senescence is the final stage of leaf development, where the nutrients and energy of senescent leaves are redistributed to developing tissues or organs for plant growth, reproduction, and defense. Outer leaves are photosynthetic organs that usually senesce at the late heading stage in Chinese cabbage, and premature leaf senescence often reduces leafy head yield and quality. In this study, 11 premature leaf senescence mutants were screened from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized population of the double haploid line ‘FT' in Chinese cabbage. At the early heading stage, the mutants exhibited edge yellowing within its outer leaves, and at the mature stage, its leafy head weight decreased significantly. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutated trait of all 11 mutants corresponds to single gene recessive inheritance. Semi-diallel cross tests showed that 5 of the 11 were allelic mutants. MutMap and Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR genotyping revealed that BraA01g001400.3C was the candidate gene, which is orthologous of Arabidopsis SUPPRESSOR OF rps4-RLD 1, encoding an immune regulator, so we named it as BrSRFR1. All the BrSRFR1 in the five allelic mutants exhibited single nucleotide polymorphisms at different positions on their exons and led to premature translation termination, which confirmed that defect in BrSRFR1 led to premature leaf senescence. These results verify the role of Br SRFR1 on leaf senescence and provide a new insight into the mechanisms of leaf senescence in Chinese cabbage, which reveals a novel function of SRFR1 in plant development.

Detection of Novel BEST1 Variations in Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy Using Third-generation Sequencing

Objective:Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy(ARB),a retinal degenerative disease,is characterized by central visual loss,yellowish multifocal diffuse subretinal deposits,and a dramatic decrease in the light peak on electrooculogram.The potential pathogenic mechanism involves mutations in the BEST1 gene,which encodes Ca2+-activated Cl−channels in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE),resulting in degeneration of RPE and photoreceptor.In this study,the complete clinical characteristics of two Chinese ARB families were summarized.Methods:Pacific Biosciences(PacBio)single-molecule real-time(SMRT)sequencing was performed on the probands to screen for disease-causing gene mutations,and Sanger sequencing was applied to validate variants in the patients and their family members.Results:Two novel mutations,c.202T>C(chr11:61722628,p.Y68H)and c.867+97G>A,in the BEST1 gene were identified in the two Chinese ARB families.The novel missense mutation BEST1 c.202T>C(p.Y68H)resulted in the substitution of tyrosine with histidine in the N-terminal region of transmembrane domain 2 of bestrophin-1.Another novel variant,BEST1 c.867+97G>A(chr11:61725867),located in intron 7,might be considered a regulatory variant that changes allele-specific binding affinity based on motifs of important transcriptional regulators.Conclusion:Our findings represent the first use of third-generation sequencing(TGS)to identify novel BEST1 mutations in patients with ARB,indicating that TGS can be a more accurate and efficient tool for identifying mutations in specific genes.The novel variants identified further broaden the mutation spectrum of BEST1 in the Chinese population.

AGTR1 A1166C gene polymorphism is associated with the effectiveness of valsartan monotherapy in Chinese patients with essential hypertension:A retrospective analysis

Objective:To investigate whether angiotensinⅡtype 1 receptor(AGTR1 A1166C)gene polymorphism was associated with the effectiveness of valsartan monotherapy in Chinese patients with essential hypertension.Methods:This retrospective analysis included 198 patients(≥18 years of age)who received valsartan monotherapy(80 mg/day)for newly developed essential hypertension at the authors’center between January 1,2020 and December 31,2023.Genotyping for AGTR1 A1166C gene polymorphism was done by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-melting curve analysis of genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples.A dominant genetic model for AGTR1 A1166C(AA genotype versus AC+CC genotype)was used.Multivariate regression analysis of baseline variables and AGTR1 polymorphism was conducted to identify predictors of target blood pressure attainment(<140/90 mmHg)at the 4-week follow-up.Results:The median age of the 198 patients was(53.7±13.5)years,and 58%were men.Genotyping assays showed that 164 patients had the AA genotype,and 34 patients were of the AC/CC genotype,including 30 with the AC genotype and 4 with the CC genotype.Allele distribution was consistent with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.109 Patients(55.1%)attained the blood pressure target.Multivariate analysis showed that smoking(versus no smoking,HR 0.314,95%CI 0.159-0.619,P=0.001)and AGTR1 A1166C AA genotype(versus AC/CC,HR 2.927,95%CI 1.296-6.611,P=0.023)were significant and independent predictors of target attainment.25 Patients(73.5%)with AGTR1 A1166C AC/CC genotype attained the target versus 51.2%(51/164)of patients with AGTR1 A1166C AA genotype(P=0.017).Patients with AGTR1 A1166C AC/CC genotype had a significantly greater reduction in systolic blood pressure[(33.1±10.8)mmHg versus(29.2±11.7)mmHg in AA carriers;(P=0.029)].Conclusions:Hypertensive patients carrying one or two C alleles of the AGTR1 A1166C gene were more responsive to valsartan treatment.

Heat-inducible SlWRKY3 confers thermotolerance by activating the SlGRXS1 gene cluster in tomato

High temperature stress is one of the major environmental factors that affect the growth and development of plants. Although WRKY transcription factors play a critical role in stress responses, there are few studies on the regulation of heat stress by WRKY transcription factors,especially in tomato. Here, we identified a group I WRKY transcription factor, SlWRKY3, involved in thermotolerance in tomato. First, SlWRKY3 was induced and upregulated under heat stress. Accordingly, overexpression of SlWRKY3 led to an increase, whereas knock-out of SlWRKY3 resulted in decreased tolerance to heat stress. Overexpression of SlWRKY3 accumulated less reactive oxygen species(ROS), whereas knock-out of SlWRKY3 accumulated more ROS under heat stress. This indicated that SlWRKY3 positively regulates heat stress in tomato. In addition,SlWRKY3 activated the expression of a range of abiotic stress-responsive genes involved in ROS scavenging, such as a SlGRXS1 gene cluster.Further analysis showed that SlWRKY3 can bind to the promoters of the SlGRXS1 gene cluster and activate their expression. Collectively, these results imply that SlWRKY3 is a positive regulator of thermotolerance through direct binding to the promoters of the SlGRXS1 gene cluster and activating their expression and ROS scavenging.

Unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neuropathology and behavioral deficits in parkinsonian rats withα-synucleinopathy

Parkinsonism by unilateral,intranigralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside administration in rats is distinguished in that theα-synuclein insult begins unilaterally but spreads bilaterally and increases in severity over time,thus replicating several clinical features of Parkinson’s disease,a typicalα-synucleinopathy.As Nurr1 repressesα-synuclein,we evaluated whether unilateral transfected of rNurr1-V5 transgene via neurotensin-polyplex to the substantia nigra on day 30 after unilateralβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside lesion could affect bilateral neuropathology and sensorimotor deficits on day 30 post-transfection.This study found that rNurr1-V5 expression but not that of the green fluorescent protein(the negative control)reducedβ-sitosterolβ-D-glucoside-induced neuropathology.Accordingly,a bilateral increase in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells and arborization occurred in the substantia nigra and increased tyrosine hydroxylase-positive ramifications in the striatum.In addition,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells displayed less senescence markerβ-galactosidase and more neuron-cytoskeleton markerβIII-tubulin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor.A significant decrease in activated microglia(positive to ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1)and neurotoxic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and complement component 3)and increased neurotrophic astrocytes(positive to glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 calcium-binding protein A10)also occurred in the substantia nigra.These effects followed the bilateral reduction inα-synuclein aggregates in the nigrostriatal system,improving sensorimotor behavior.Our results show that unilateral rNurr1-V5 transgene expression in nigral dopaminergic neurons mitigates bilateral neurodegeneration(senescence and loss of neuron-cytoskeleton and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells),neuroinflammation(activated microglia,neurotoxic astrocytes),α-synuclein aggregation,and sensorimotor deficits.Increased neurotrophic astrocytes and brain-derived neurotrophic factor can mediate the rNurr1-V5 effect,supporting its potential clinical use in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

基于Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的DKK-1抗体药物生物活性报告基因法开发与评估

生物活性检测对于确保治疗性抗体的安全性和有效性至关重要,需要准确反映药物的作用机制(MOA)。作为一类新兴靶点药物,DKK-1抗体在骨质疏松和肿瘤治疗领域展现出巨大潜力。然而,当前针对DKK-1抗体的生物活性评价主要基于碱性磷酸酶活性测定,该方法存在操作复杂、耗时长及结果变异性大等问题,在一定程度上限制了此类抗体的研发及质控。为了建立一种DKK-1抗体高性能生物活性检测方法,本研究引入了报告基因法(RGA),通过将TCF/LEF反应元件控制的稳定表达荧光素酶的报告基因质粒转染HEK 293细胞,成功建立了一种基于DKK-1抗体MOA的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的报告基因检测方法。该方法经过优化及模拟实验评估,显示出在实际应用中的潜力和可靠性。该新方法的建立预计将进一步促进DKK-1抗体类药物的筛选评估及其在后续开发过程中的质量控制。

Pathogenesis of chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene:Hypotheses and conundrums

Chronic enteropathy associated with the SLCO2A1 gene(CEAS)is a complex gastroenterological condition characterized by multiple ulcers in the small intestine with chronic bleeding and protein loss.This review explores the potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CEAS,focusing on the role of SLCO2A1-encoded prostaglandin transporter OATP2A1 and its impact on prostaglandin E2(PGE2)levels.Studies have suggested that elevated PGE2 levels contribute to mucosal damage,inflammation,and disruption of the intestinal barrier.The effects of PGE2 on macrophage activation and Maxi-Cl channel functionality,as well as its interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs play crucial roles in the progression of CEAS.Understanding the balance between its protective and pro-inflammatory effects and the complex interactions within the gastrointestinal tract can shed light on potential therapeutic targets for CEAS and guide the development of novel,targeted therapies.

AAV2-PDE6B restores retinal structure and function in the retinal degeneration 10 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa by promoting phototransduction and inhibiting apoptosis

Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death.However,there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating retinitis pigmentosa.The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which AAV2-PDE6B rescues retinal function.To do this,we injected retinal degeneration 10(rd10)mice subretinally with AAV2-PDE6B and assessed the therapeutic effects on retinal function and structure using dark-and light-adapted electroretinogram,optical coherence tomography,and immunofluorescence.Data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate protein expression levels and pathway enrichment,and the results from this analysis were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.AAV2-PDE6B injection significantly upregulated PDE6βexpression,preserved electroretinogram responses,and preserved outer nuclear layer thickness in rd10 mice.Differentially expressed proteins between wild-type and rd10 mice were closely related to visual perception,and treating rd10 mice with AAV2-PDE6B restored differentially expressed protein expression to levels similar to those seen in wild-type mice.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins whose expression was most significantly altered by AAV2-PDE6B injection were enriched in phototransduction pathways.Furthermore,the phototransductionrelated proteins Pde6α,Rom1,Rho,Aldh1a1,and Rbp1 exhibited opposite expression patterns in rd10 mice with or without AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Finally,Bax/Bcl-2,p-ERK/ERK,and p-c-Fos/c-Fos expression levels decreased in rd10 mice following AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Our data suggest that AAV2-PDE6B-mediated gene therapy promotes phototransduction and inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression in retinitis pigmentosa.

Correlation between DKK-1 Level and Bone Density Status in Children on Maintenance Haemodialysis

Background: Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a bone disorder resulting from chronic kidney disease (CKD) and related metabolic diseases. Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1) is critical in regulating bone biology. This study aimed to evaluate the serum DKK-1 level as a bone marker in children with CKD who undergo regular hemodialysis (HD). Subjects and Methods: This case-control study involved 40 children with CKD on HD and 40 healthy children as controls. The study measured serum DKK-1 levels and performed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan (DEXA) in line with routine laboratory investigations. Results: There was a significant increase in the serum level of DKK-1 in the patient group compared to the control group. The DKK-1 levels were 2540.65 (2215.4 - 2909.2) pg/ml and 1110.45 (885.45 - 1527.65) pg/ml, respectively, with a p-value of less than 0.001. In the hemodialysis group, 25 patients (62.5%) had low bone mineral density (BMD) with a Z-score of under -2.0. Eighteen of these patients had low BMD in both the neck of the femur and lumbar spines. Additionally, there was a significant increase in serum DKK-1 level in patients with low BMD (2567.35 (2303.8 - 3108.1) pg/ml) compared to patients with normal BMD (2454 (1859 - 2820) pg/ml) (p = 0.041). There was also a significant positive correlation between DKK1 level and phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and Parathormone serum levels. In conclusion, the study indicates a clear correlation between DKK-1 and BMD in children undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. DKK1 is a promising biomarker for CKD-MBD.

Studies on the temporal,structural,and interacting features of the clubroot resistance gene Rcr1 using CRISPR/Cas9-based systems

Clubroot disease is a severe threat to Brassica crops globally,particularly in western Canada.Genetic resistance,achieved through pyramiding clubroot resistance(CR)genes with different modes of action,is the most important strategy for managing the disease.However,studies on the CR gene functions are quite limited.In this study,we have conducted investigations into the temporal,structural,and interacting features of a newly cloned CR gene,Rcr1,using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.For temporal functionality,we developed a novel CRISPR/Cas9-based binary vector,pHHIGR-Hsp18.2,to deliver Rcr1 into a susceptible canola line(DH12075)and observed that early expression of Rcr1 is critical for conferring resistance.For structural functionality,several independent mutations in specific domains of Rcr1 resulted in loss-offunction,highlighting their importance for CR phenotype.In the study of the interacting features of Rcr1,a cysteine protease gene and its homologous allele in canola were successfully disrupted via CRISPR/Cas9 as an interacting component with Rcr1 protein,resulting in the conversion from clubroot resistant to susceptible in plants carrying intact Rcr1.These results indicated an indispensable role of these two cysteine proteases in Rcr1-mediated resistance response.This study,the first of its kind,provides valuable insights into the functionality of Rcr1.Further,the new vector p HHIGR-Hsp18.2 demonstrated an inducible feature on the removal of add-on traits,which should be useful for functional genomics and other similar research in brassica crops.

Association between 5-HTR1A gene C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant response in patients with major depressive disorder:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a substantial global health concern,and its treatment is complicated by the variability in individual response to antide-pressants.AIM To consolidate research and clarify the impact of genetic variation on MDD treatment outcomes.METHODS Adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,a systematic search across PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,and the Cochrane Library was conducted without date restrictions,utilizing key terms related to MDD,serotonin 1A receptor polymorphism(5-HTR1A),C-1019G polymorphism,and antidepressant response.Studies meeting inclusion criteria were thoroughly screened,and quality assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Statistical analyses,includingχ2 and I²values,were used to evaluate heterogeneity and fixed-effect or random-effect models were applied accordingly.RESULTS The initial search yielded 1216 articles,with 11 studies meeting criteria for inclusion.Analysis of various genetic models showed no significant association between the 5-HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and antidepressant efficacy.The heterogeneity was low to moderate,and no publication bias was detected through funnel plot symmetry and Egger's and Begg's tests.CONCLUSION This meta-analysis does not support a significant association between the 5-HTR1A C-1019G polymorphism and the efficacy of antidepressant treatment in MDD.The findings call for further research with larger cohorts to substantiate these results and enhance the understanding of antidepressant pharmacogenetics.

Assessment of pathogenicity and functional characterization of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetic patients

BACKGROUND Adaptor protein,phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 1(APPL1)plays a crucial role in regulating insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.Mutations in the APPL1 gene have been associated with the development of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 14(MODY14).Currently,only two mutations[c.1655T>A(p.Leu552*)and c.281G>A p.(Asp94Asn)]have been identified in association with this disease.Given the limited understanding of MODY14,it is imperative to identify additional cases and carry out comprehensive research on MODY14 and APPL1 mutations.AIM To assess the pathogenicity of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetic patients and to characterize the functional role of the APPL1 domain.METHODS Patients exhibiting clinical signs and a medical history suggestive of MODY were screened for the study.Whole exome sequencing was performed on the patients as well as their family members.The pathogenicity of the identified APPL1 variants was predicted on the basis of bioinformatics analysis.In addition,the pathogenicity of the novel APPL1 variant was preliminarily evaluated through in vitro functional experiments.Finally,the impact of these variants on APPL1 protein expression and the insulin pathway were assessed,and the potential mechanism underlying the interaction between the APPL1 protein and the insulin receptor was further explored.RESULTS A total of five novel mutations were identified,including four missense mutations(Asp632Tyr,Arg633His,Arg532Gln,and Ile642Met)and one intronic mutation(1153-16A>T).Pathogenicity prediction analysis revealed that the Arg532Gln was pathogenic across all predictions.The Asp632Tyr and Arg633His variants also had pathogenicity based on MutationTaster.In addition,multiple alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the Arg532Gln,Asp632Tyr,and Arg633His variants were conserved across different species.Moreover,in in vitro functional experiments,both the c.1894G>T(at Asp632Tyr)and c.1595G>A(at Arg532Gln)mutations were found to downregulate the expression of APPL1 on both protein and mRNA levels,indicating their pathogenic nature.Therefore,based on the patient’s clinical and family history,combined with the results from bioinformatics analysis and functional experiment,the c.1894G>T(at Asp632Tyr)and c.1595G>A(at Arg532Gln)mutations were classified as pathogenic mutations.Importantly,all these mutations were located within the phosphotyrosinebinding domain of APPL1,which plays a critical role in the insulin sensitization effect.CONCLUSION This study provided new insights into the pathogenicity of APPL1 gene mutations in diabetes and revealed a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Understanding the role of transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1 in bladder cancer pathogenesis

In this editorial we comment on the article by Wei et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Oncology.The authors investigated the role of Transmembrane 9 superfamily member 1(TM9SF1)protein in bladder cancer(BC)carcinogenesis.Lentiviral vectors were used to achieve silencing or overexpression of TM9SF1 gene in three BC cell lines.These cell lines were then subject to cell counting kit 8,wound-healing assay,transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Proliferation,migration,and invasion of BC cells were increased in cell lines subjected to TM9SF1 overexpression.TM9SF1 silencing inhibited proliferation,migration and invasion of BC cells.The authors conclude that TM9SF1 may be an oncogene in bladder cancer pathogenesis.

急性髓系白血病中医证型与Dkk-3、Wif-1基因甲基化水平相关性研究

目的:研究急性髓系白血病(Acute Myeloid Leukemia,AML)患者不同中医证型与焦磷酸测序法检测的Dkk-3和Wif-1基因启动子甲基化水平的关系,比较不同证型Dkk-3和Wif-1基因甲基化水平与AML患者生存时间的差异,为AML中医辨证分型提供参考依据及评估预后。方法:选取45例2020年6月-2021年6月福建中医药大学附属人民医院血液病科门诊或住院初诊AML患者(病例组)和20例缺铁性贫血患者(对照组),比较焦磷酸测序法检测的两组Dkk-3、Wif-1基因甲基化表达水平差异,并比较组内气阴两虚证、瘀血痰结证、毒热炽盛证三种不同证型与Dkk-3和Wif-1基因启动子甲基化水平的关系,并以AML患者死亡或随访终点(1年)为终止时间点,比较各证型患者的生存时间差异。结果:AML患者中气阴两虚证者最多,瘀血痰结证者次之,毒热炽盛证者最少,各中医证型与性别、FAB分型、骨髓原始细胞比例的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但不同中医证型患者年龄的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AML患者的Dkk-3、Wif-1基因甲基化表达水平均比对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各证型AML患者Dkk-3基因甲基化表达水平的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各证型AML患者Wif-1基因甲基化表达水平的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),气阴两虚证患者的表达水平最高,瘀血痰结证次之,毒热炽盛证最小。对AML患者进行随访,中位随访0.3~24个月,中位生存时间为(11.80±6.29)个月,各个证型患者总体生存时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:AML患者的Dkk-3、Wif-1基因甲基化阳性率较无恶性血液病患者高,Dkk-3、Wif-1基因甲基化可能与AML发病有相关性。AML患者中医证型与Wif-1基因甲基化表达有相关性,气阴两虚证、瘀血痰结证患者的Wif-1甲基化表达明显高于毒热炽盛证患者,其可能可以作为AML中医辨证分型的参考指标。各中医证型AML患者生存时间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),今后应采用大样本、多中心的临床试验来进一步验证中医证型与生存时间的相关性。

超声造影联合血清DKK-1、Gal-1对分化型甲状腺肿瘤的诊断价值及其与TNM分期、肿瘤恶性程度相关性分析

目的探讨超声造影联合血清重组人Dick-kopfx相关蛋白-1(DKK-1)、半乳糖凝集素-1(Gal-1)对分化型甲状腺肿瘤的诊断价值及其与TNM分期、肿瘤恶性程度的相关性。方法回顾性选择2018年7月至2021年12月新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州人民医院收治的100例分化型甲状腺癌患者作为研究组,根据腺癌类型分为甲状腺滤泡癌组(n=30)与乳头状甲状腺癌组(n=70),选择同期来新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州人民医院检查的50例甲状腺结节患者作为对照组。所有患者均行超声造影检查及血清DKK-1、Gal-1检测。对比研究组与对照组、乳头状甲状腺癌组与甲状腺滤泡癌组的超声造影检查结果与血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平,分析研究组的血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平与分化型甲状腺癌患者的病理特征关系,分析超声造影联合血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平对分化型甲状腺癌的诊断效能。结果研究组的达峰时间、造影剂平均通过时间、血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平明显较对照组高,研究组的曲线强度、最大灌注强度、平均灌注强度明显较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。甲状腺滤泡癌组的达峰时间、造影剂平均通过时间、血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平明显较乳头状甲状腺癌组高,甲状腺滤泡癌组的曲线强度、最大灌注强度、平均灌注强度明显较乳头状甲状腺癌组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究患者的肿瘤直径≥2 cm、存在淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅲ期+Ⅳ期的血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平明显较肿瘤直径<2 cm、无淋巴结转移、TNM分期Ⅰ期+Ⅱ期低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超声造影联合血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平对分化型甲状腺癌的诊断灵敏度、准确度、阴性预测值明显较单一的超声造影检查、血清DKK-1、血清Gal-1检测高(P<0.05),联合检查与单一检查对分化型甲状腺癌的诊断特异度、阳性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论分化型甲状腺肿瘤的超声造影、血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平存在异常,血清DKK-1、Gal-1水平与分化型甲状腺肿瘤TNM分期、恶性程度相关,超声造影联合血清DKK-1、Gal-1可提高分化型甲状腺肿瘤的诊断效能。