A great variety of dairy products with different flavour, texture and health-promoting properties can be obtained from milk using different technologies and starter cultures. Fermented milks are consumed in many parts...A great variety of dairy products with different flavour, texture and health-promoting properties can be obtained from milk using different technologies and starter cultures. Fermented milks are consumed in many parts of the world and are relished for their acidic taste and health benefits. The aim of this study was to compare effects of different ratios of DL-type starter culture： mould Geotrichum candidum grown in milk on its viscosity and sensory properties on the 5th, 10th and 15th day of storage at 4 ~C~ in order to determine the best ratio to prepare fermented milk on basis of Iranian acceptance. We have examined the production of fermented milk by 80： 20, 70： 30, and 60：40 ratios of DL-type starter culture： mould Geotrichum candidum grown in milk. The results obtained from viscosity measurement and sensory evaluation showed no significant difference between these treatments used in the study and were not satisfactory; their viscosity was not accepted and scores attributed to odour and flavor of fermented milks by panelists were low.展开更多
Description logics （DLs） are widely employed in recent semantic web application systems. However, classical description logics are limited when dealing with imprecise concepts and roles, thus providing the motivatio...Description logics （DLs） are widely employed in recent semantic web application systems. However, classical description logics are limited when dealing with imprecise concepts and roles, thus providing the motivation for this work. In this paper, we present a type-2 fuzzy attributive concept language with complements （ALC） and provide its knowledge representation and reasoning algorithms. We also propose type-2 fuzzy web ontology language （OWL） to build a fuzzy ontology based on type- 2 fuzzy ALC and analyze the soundness, completeness, and complexity of the reasoning algorithms. Compared to type-1 fuzzy ALC, type-2 fuzzy ALC can describe imprecise knowledge more meticulously by using the membership degree interval. We implement a semantic search engine based on type-2 fuzzy ALC and carry out experiments on real data to test its performance. The results show that the type-2 fuzzy ALC can improve the precision and increase the number of relevant hits for imprecise information searches.展开更多
文摘A great variety of dairy products with different flavour, texture and health-promoting properties can be obtained from milk using different technologies and starter cultures. Fermented milks are consumed in many parts of the world and are relished for their acidic taste and health benefits. The aim of this study was to compare effects of different ratios of DL-type starter culture： mould Geotrichum candidum grown in milk on its viscosity and sensory properties on the 5th, 10th and 15th day of storage at 4 ~C~ in order to determine the best ratio to prepare fermented milk on basis of Iranian acceptance. We have examined the production of fermented milk by 80： 20, 70： 30, and 60：40 ratios of DL-type starter culture： mould Geotrichum candidum grown in milk. The results obtained from viscosity measurement and sensory evaluation showed no significant difference between these treatments used in the study and were not satisfactory; their viscosity was not accepted and scores attributed to odour and flavor of fermented milks by panelists were low.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 60873225, 60873083, and 70771043）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2007AA01Z403）, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province （2009CDB298）, the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province for Distinguished Young Scholars （2008CDB351）, the Wuhan Youth Science and Technology Chenguang Program （200950431171）, the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering （SKLSE20080718）, the Innovation Fund of Huazhong University of Science and Technology （2010MS068, Q2009021）.
文摘Description logics （DLs） are widely employed in recent semantic web application systems. However, classical description logics are limited when dealing with imprecise concepts and roles, thus providing the motivation for this work. In this paper, we present a type-2 fuzzy attributive concept language with complements （ALC） and provide its knowledge representation and reasoning algorithms. We also propose type-2 fuzzy web ontology language （OWL） to build a fuzzy ontology based on type- 2 fuzzy ALC and analyze the soundness, completeness, and complexity of the reasoning algorithms. Compared to type-1 fuzzy ALC, type-2 fuzzy ALC can describe imprecise knowledge more meticulously by using the membership degree interval. We implement a semantic search engine based on type-2 fuzzy ALC and carry out experiments on real data to test its performance. The results show that the type-2 fuzzy ALC can improve the precision and increase the number of relevant hits for imprecise information searches.
