农村社区儿童口腔健康状况的调查研究

目的 调查农村地区儿童与青少年口腔健康状况 ,为开展农村社区口腔保健项目制订相应对策。方法 采用随机分层、整群抽样的方法 ,抽取两个省的二个乡镇社区 1～ 12岁儿童及 15岁、18岁青少年共计 2 793名。采用WHO的基本调查方法进行龋病与牙周病患病状况的调查 ,分析学龄前无龋儿童与高龋儿童 (龋均 >3)的分布状况 ,以及调查青少年的牙周健康状况 ,评价疾病的分布范围与严重程度 ,以便确定干预的重点。结果 学龄前儿童乳牙患龋水平很高 ,6岁儿童患龋率为 72 .9% ,龋均 3.6 4 ;其中无龋儿童为 2 7.15 % ,高龋儿童 5 2 .2 % ,97%的龋未经治疗。 7～ 12岁儿童乳牙患龋率随年龄增长逐年下降 ,至 12岁仍有乳牙龋残留。恒牙患龋水平很低 ,12岁患龋率 2 1% ,龋均 0 .38,95 %未经治疗。青少年软垢指数为中等水平 ,口腔卫生状况普遍较差 ,牙龈炎与牙石严重 ,浅牙周袋很少 ,无深牙周袋 ,未发现牙周炎问题。结论 农村儿童乳牙龋患严重 ,恒牙龋水平很低 ,大多数龋未经治疗。口腔卫生状况较差 ,牙龈炎、牙石严重。发展农村社区保健项目 ,初级口腔卫生保健应是重点。

成都市儿童龋病患病趋势的改变(1982～1998)

目的 :通过对成都市儿童龋病调查 ,了解龋病患病情况、发展趋势及特点 ,探讨可能的原因及相应的预防措施。方法 :调查对象为成都市 3岁、5岁、12岁儿童 ,采用WHO口腔健康调查方法于 1982～ 1998年期间定期抽样检查。结果 :1982～ 1990年 3岁和 5岁儿童龋患呈上升趋势 ,dmft上升、无龋率下降。 90年代该两年龄组龋均上升趋势已不存在 ,1998年 3岁乳牙均 1 45 ,5岁 4 17,较 1982年低 ;无龋率分别为 6 0 8%、2 8 2 6 % ;12岁年龄组恒牙无龋率 1982 ,1998分别为 6 8 6 6 %和70 13% ,DMFT为 0 7、0 6 ,仍处于低水平。尽管无龋儿童增加 ,但少部分儿童龋患严重。结论 :成都儿童龋患 80年代呈上升趋势 ,1990年后保持平稳并呈下降趋势 ,但大多数龋集中在少部分儿童 ,充填率仍然很低。应加强对龋易感儿童的诊断、预防和早期治疗。

泰州地区6～15岁儿童及青少年龋病调查

目的:通过对泰州市儿童及青少年龋病调查,了解龋病患病和充填情况及特点,探讨可 能的原因及相应的预防措施。方法:调查对象为泰州市6～15岁儿童及青少年,采用 WHO口腔健康调查方法。结果:乳牙患龋率为44.47％,龋均为1.23,充填率为 4.31％,恒牙龋病率为13.80％,龋均为0.19,充填率为11.48％。结论:泰州市儿童及 青少年乳牙患龋率较高,充填率很低,恒牙患龋率较低,充填率较低,应加强对儿童及青 少年龋病的预防,诊断和早期治疗。

Effect of socio-demographic status on dental caries in pupils by using a multilevel hurdle model

Introduction: Dental caries is the most prevalent chronic disease among schoolchildren. We aimed to investigate the association between dental caries index and socio-demographic status in schoolchildren by using a multilevel hurdle model. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was carried out on 906 primary school pupils in Kerman, Iran in 2012. The subjects were selected through a stratified cluster random sampling. At first, the whole target area was stratified according to two geographic areas, the north and south area. Then each area was stratified according to gender. In the next step, several schools were considered as clusters, which were selected randomly in each geographic area and gender strata. All the schoolchildren in these schools were included in this study as samples. Twelve-year-old pupils were examined for dental caries. The dependent variable in this study was the dmft/DMFT index. Eight variables, including socio-demographic information, were collected. Multilevel negative binomial hurdle model was employed for data analysis. Results: The prevalence of caries-free pupils was 30.1% and the mean dmft/DMFT was 3.6 ± 2.2. Negative binomial part of the adjusted model showed that the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for females was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.10-1.79) times higher than males. Also, the dmft/DMFT adjusted rate for overweight pupils was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74-0.98) times lower than those with normal weight. Logistic part of the adjusted model showed that the posibility of caries-free state in overweight pupils was 1.95 (95% CI: 1.22-3.11) times higher than those with normal weight. In addition, pupils whose fathers and mothers were workers and housewives, respectively, and those with a high maternal age were at a greater risk for caries experience than others (p < 0.05). Conclusion: BMI, gender, parent’s job and mother’s age at delivery were factors effecting on dental caries in schoolchildren. These pupils need more attention to dental care.

Parenting style and oral health status

Objective: This study examined the correlation between parenting style and oral health status. Methods: Eighty-seven children aged 2 - 14 years old were examined and their oral health status was measured by the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT/dmft) index, untreated caries and caries experience. Caries experience was defined as untreated and treated teeth, either restored or filled. The parenting style of parents was measured by the Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ). Demographic information recorded included race/ethnicity, level of education and child’s type of dental insurance. Results: The majority of the parents identified with the authoritative parenting style. There was no correlation between parenting styles and oral health status. Hispanic children and those whose parents had less education and low socioeconomic status (Medicaid) tended to show poorer oral health status. Conclusion: The expected relationship between parenting style and oral health status was not confirmed. Race/ethnicity, level of parents’ education and socioeconomic status may have a greater impact on oral health than parenting approaches.

佛山市中小学生龋病流行病学调查

按世界卫生组织规定的标准和方法,对佛山市中小学生龋病的患病情况进行了抽样调查,并与1983年全国中小学生龋病牙周病调查中佛山市的结果进行比较,结果显示佛山市中小学生,无论乳恒牙的龋均和患龋率都无显著变化,但充填率却有大幅度提高。

福州市部分残障儿童龋病状况调查

目的初步了解福州市的残障儿童龋病现状,改善残障儿童的口腔保健水平提供依据和思路。方法采用整群抽样的方法,对福州市四所残障儿童教育机构的244名残障儿童的龋病状况进行调查和分析。结果福州市残障儿童的乳牙患龋率为66.0%,龋均为3.90±4.29。恒牙患龋率45.7%,龋均为1.71±2.86。12~15岁组的恒牙龋均高于6~11岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其他年龄组之间、各年龄组内男女的龋均和患龋率差异均无统计学意义。2~5岁年龄组的乳牙充填率为0%,6~11岁年龄组乳牙充填率为3.6%。6~11岁年龄组的恒牙充填率为4.9%,12~15岁年龄组的恒牙充填率为13.8%。结论福州市残障儿童患龋状况严重,需加大口腔预防保健和治疗的投入。

天津市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况及龋病活跃性检测分析

目的:通过了解学龄前儿童乳牙的患龋情况及龋病活跃性,探讨并分析儿童患龋的严重程度与龋病活跃性之间的关系。方法:对281名3~5岁儿童进行口腔检查和龋活跃性检测,了解儿童患龋状况,分析其与龋活跃性检测值之间的关系。结果:281名3~5岁儿童患龋率55.16%,龋均3.33。儿童乳牙患龋率及龋均随年龄的增加而增加,不同年龄之间患龋率差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);龋活跃性值与龋失补牙数呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:龋活跃性检测能够较为准确地预测儿童患龋趋势,有助于为龋病高危人群进行个性化预防和治疗。