在目标-攻击弹-防御弹群(target-attacker-defenders,TADs)系统中,防御弹群通过与目标(载机)异构协同、弹群间同构协同以保护载机并降低单弹脱靶的风险。针对TADs系统在二维平面下的协同主动防御模型进行了研究,采用机/弹协同和防御弹...在目标-攻击弹-防御弹群(target-attacker-defenders,TADs)系统中,防御弹群通过与目标(载机)异构协同、弹群间同构协同以保护载机并降低单弹脱靶的风险。针对TADs系统在二维平面下的协同主动防御模型进行了研究,采用机/弹协同和防御弹群协同的两层制导策略。在机弹协同方面,防御弹领弹与载机进行异构协同,考虑载机及防御弹领弹的机动能力限制,采用协同视线制导律(cooperative line of sight guidance,CLOSG)分别得到载机和防御弹领弹的制导指令;在防御弹群协同方面,考虑单弹计算能力约束,拦截时间约束和加速度约束,设计出基于分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)的算法实现弹群从弹和防御弹领弹协同同时抵达并拦截攻击弹。仿真结果表明,多防御弹协同一致拦截制导算法能够实现TADs系统中载机和防御弹群的异构协同主动防御,并实现防御弹群的一致性同时拦截,以降低单弹脱靶的风险。展开更多
The interactions of phospholipid monolayers (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline;DPPC and dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline;DMPC) with volatile anesthetic isoflurane were investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QC...The interactions of phospholipid monolayers (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline;DPPC and dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline;DMPC) with volatile anesthetic isoflurane were investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and quartz crystal impedance (QCI) methods. The quartz crystal oscillator was attached horizontally on the surface of DPPC and DMPC monolayer formed on the water surface. Physisorption of isoflurane hydrate at the DPPC monolayer surface was monitored in terms of frequency and resistance change of quartz crystal on addition of anesthetics isoflurane. Both frequency and resistance change showed the elastic nature of DPPC monolayer. Measurement of DMPC monolayer-isoflurane hydrate revealed the expandable nature of DMPC monolayer. Variation of frequency and impedance of DPPC and DMPC monolayer on addition of isoflurane which proved a two-step change has occurred at monolayer surface at isoflurane concentration of ≤8 mM that has been attributed to isoflurane aggregation at monolayer/water interface. Isoflurane hydrates formed in the process have capability to affect the interfacial properties of monolayer such as existence of structured water.展开更多
We have investigated the morphology of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC)—cholesterol mixed monolayer formed on the water surface by dropping method using surface tension measurement (STm), Brewster angle micros...We have investigated the morphology of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC)—cholesterol mixed monolayer formed on the water surface by dropping method using surface tension measurement (STm), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and infrared external reflection spectroscopy (IERS). STm results showed negative deviation of the limiting molecular area (A0) of cholesterol occurred when cholesterol was added to the DMPC monolayer. BAM images showed the expandable DMPC monolayer changed to the condensed rigid monolayer at more than cholesterol mole fraction (xChol) 0.4. IERS recordings showed that the addition of cholesterol at xChol = 0.4 occurred structural change from gauche- to trans- conformation of two DMPC molecule alkyl chains. From these results, it is found that cholesterol molecule has specific properties that cause structural transition of DMPC molecule alkyl chains.展开更多
In this paper,distributed model predictive control(DMPC) for island DC micro-grids(MG) with wind/photovoltaic(PV)/battery power is proposed,which coordinates all distributed generations(DG) to stabilize the bus voltag...In this paper,distributed model predictive control(DMPC) for island DC micro-grids(MG) with wind/photovoltaic(PV)/battery power is proposed,which coordinates all distributed generations(DG) to stabilize the bus voltage together with the insurance of having computational efficiency under a real-time requirement.Based on the feedback of the bus voltage,the deviation of the current is dispatched to each DG according to cost over the prediction horizon.Moreover,to avoid the excessive fluctuation of the battery power,both the discharge-charge switching times and costs are considered in the model predictive control(MPC) optimization problems.A Lyapunov constraint with a time-varying steady-state is designed in each local MPC to guarantee the stabilization of the entire system.The voltage stabilization of the MG is achieved by this strategy with the cooperation of DGs.The numeric results of applying the proposed method to a MG of the Shanghai Power Supply Company shows the effectiveness of the distributed economic MPC.展开更多
The dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine （DMPC） and a newly isolated surfactin analogue, [Asp1, Glus] surfactin-C16 in mixed monolayer was studied. Surface pressure-molecular area isotherms combined with atomic force micr...The dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine （DMPC） and a newly isolated surfactin analogue, [Asp1, Glus] surfactin-C16 in mixed monolayer was studied. Surface pressure-molecular area isotherms combined with atomic force microscopy （AFM） were used to probe the interfacial behavior of DMPC and surfactin-C16. The results show that the miscibility between DMPC and surfactin-C 16 is dependent on surfactin molar fraction （Xs） and surface pressure The two components are partially miscible on pure water （pH= 6） when Xs is 0.5, indicating that there exists mutual interactions between two components. AFM images showed similar pattern in surfactin-C16 monolayer and DMPC/surfactin-C 16 （Xs = 0.5） mixed monolayer. Based on the finding it is believed that DMPC would coalescent into surfactin-C 16 surface clusters in the mixed monolayer. Furthermore, the excess free energy of mixing （△ G^（ex）m ） was calculated to investigate the effect of subphase pH on the miscibility of two components in the mixed monolayer. It is found that the △ G^（ex）m was negative on alkaline subphase （pH= 10） when Xs equals to 0.75, indicating the molecular interactions between surfactin and DMPC are attractive at the condition. The results presented here suggest that hydrophobic interactions between surfactin-C 16 and DMPC play an important role in mutual interactions, and the interfacial activity was influenced by the ionization state of polar groups of surfactin-C 16.展开更多
文摘在目标-攻击弹-防御弹群(target-attacker-defenders,TADs)系统中,防御弹群通过与目标(载机)异构协同、弹群间同构协同以保护载机并降低单弹脱靶的风险。针对TADs系统在二维平面下的协同主动防御模型进行了研究,采用机/弹协同和防御弹群协同的两层制导策略。在机弹协同方面,防御弹领弹与载机进行异构协同,考虑载机及防御弹领弹的机动能力限制,采用协同视线制导律(cooperative line of sight guidance,CLOSG)分别得到载机和防御弹领弹的制导指令;在防御弹群协同方面,考虑单弹计算能力约束,拦截时间约束和加速度约束,设计出基于分布式模型预测控制(distributed model predictive control,DMPC)的算法实现弹群从弹和防御弹领弹协同同时抵达并拦截攻击弹。仿真结果表明,多防御弹协同一致拦截制导算法能够实现TADs系统中载机和防御弹群的异构协同主动防御,并实现防御弹群的一致性同时拦截,以降低单弹脱靶的风险。
文摘The interactions of phospholipid monolayers (dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline;DPPC and dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline;DMPC) with volatile anesthetic isoflurane were investigated using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and quartz crystal impedance (QCI) methods. The quartz crystal oscillator was attached horizontally on the surface of DPPC and DMPC monolayer formed on the water surface. Physisorption of isoflurane hydrate at the DPPC monolayer surface was monitored in terms of frequency and resistance change of quartz crystal on addition of anesthetics isoflurane. Both frequency and resistance change showed the elastic nature of DPPC monolayer. Measurement of DMPC monolayer-isoflurane hydrate revealed the expandable nature of DMPC monolayer. Variation of frequency and impedance of DPPC and DMPC monolayer on addition of isoflurane which proved a two-step change has occurred at monolayer surface at isoflurane concentration of ≤8 mM that has been attributed to isoflurane aggregation at monolayer/water interface. Isoflurane hydrates formed in the process have capability to affect the interfacial properties of monolayer such as existence of structured water.
文摘We have investigated the morphology of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl choline (DMPC)—cholesterol mixed monolayer formed on the water surface by dropping method using surface tension measurement (STm), Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and infrared external reflection spectroscopy (IERS). STm results showed negative deviation of the limiting molecular area (A0) of cholesterol occurred when cholesterol was added to the DMPC monolayer. BAM images showed the expandable DMPC monolayer changed to the condensed rigid monolayer at more than cholesterol mole fraction (xChol) 0.4. IERS recordings showed that the addition of cholesterol at xChol = 0.4 occurred structural change from gauche- to trans- conformation of two DMPC molecule alkyl chains. From these results, it is found that cholesterol molecule has specific properties that cause structural transition of DMPC molecule alkyl chains.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018AAA0101701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62073220,61833012)。
文摘In this paper,distributed model predictive control(DMPC) for island DC micro-grids(MG) with wind/photovoltaic(PV)/battery power is proposed,which coordinates all distributed generations(DG) to stabilize the bus voltage together with the insurance of having computational efficiency under a real-time requirement.Based on the feedback of the bus voltage,the deviation of the current is dispatched to each DG according to cost over the prediction horizon.Moreover,to avoid the excessive fluctuation of the battery power,both the discharge-charge switching times and costs are considered in the model predictive control(MPC) optimization problems.A Lyapunov constraint with a time-varying steady-state is designed in each local MPC to guarantee the stabilization of the entire system.The voltage stabilization of the MG is achieved by this strategy with the cooperation of DGs.The numeric results of applying the proposed method to a MG of the Shanghai Power Supply Company shows the effectiveness of the distributed economic MPC.
基金support of this work by Research Fund for the New Teacher of the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China （No. 200802511024）. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 50574040）, the grant from Shanghai Science and Technology Commission （No. 071607014）.
文摘The dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine （DMPC） and a newly isolated surfactin analogue, [Asp1, Glus] surfactin-C16 in mixed monolayer was studied. Surface pressure-molecular area isotherms combined with atomic force microscopy （AFM） were used to probe the interfacial behavior of DMPC and surfactin-C16. The results show that the miscibility between DMPC and surfactin-C 16 is dependent on surfactin molar fraction （Xs） and surface pressure The two components are partially miscible on pure water （pH= 6） when Xs is 0.5, indicating that there exists mutual interactions between two components. AFM images showed similar pattern in surfactin-C16 monolayer and DMPC/surfactin-C 16 （Xs = 0.5） mixed monolayer. Based on the finding it is believed that DMPC would coalescent into surfactin-C 16 surface clusters in the mixed monolayer. Furthermore, the excess free energy of mixing （△ G^（ex）m ） was calculated to investigate the effect of subphase pH on the miscibility of two components in the mixed monolayer. It is found that the △ G^（ex）m was negative on alkaline subphase （pH= 10） when Xs equals to 0.75, indicating the molecular interactions between surfactin and DMPC are attractive at the condition. The results presented here suggest that hydrophobic interactions between surfactin-C 16 and DMPC play an important role in mutual interactions, and the interfacial activity was influenced by the ionization state of polar groups of surfactin-C 16.
