超高速细胞分选平台结合cDNA microarray技术筛查宫颈癌细胞潜在分子标志物

目的:通过超高速细胞分选平台结合cDNA microarray技术,筛查宫颈癌细胞可能潜在的分子标志物。方法:采用MoFlo XDP型超高速细胞分选平台纯化细胞膜表面表达CD38和不表达CD38的宫颈癌细胞,利用RNAlater技术得到cDNA microarray实验所需RNA,然后进行基因芯片分析。结果:利用MoFlo XDP型超高速细胞分选平台可以获得纯度为99.0%以上的CD38阳性表达宫颈癌细胞。结论:cDNA microarray分析发现了RORA、PLIN4、AUTS2、IFITM1等宫颈癌细胞潜在分子标志物,为宫颈癌研究提供了新的技术方法。

α粒子诱发BEP2D细胞转化过程中肺癌相关基因表达的cDNA Microarray研究

目的：探讨辐射诱发人支气管上皮细胞(BEP2D)转化过程中肺癌相关基因的表达。方法：用Cartesian PixSys5500 cDNA Microarray点样仪将60个肺癌相关基因以微阵列形式点布于醛基化的玻璃片上。提取α离子辐射前BEP2D细胞（原代）和α粒子辐射后20代、35代细胞总RNA，经长片段反转录和线性扩增标记成荧光探针后与微阵列中cDNA进行杂交。结果：原代细胞中检测到40个基因表达；20代检测到47个基因表达；35代检测到20个基因表达。所检测的基因中，抑癌基因的mRNA丰度在原代和20代后细胞中急剧下降；大多数癌基因的表达丰度在20代以后细胞中仅轻微下降；生长因子类基因大都在20代细胞表达。结论：在辐射诱发的人支气管上皮转化细胞中，抑癌基因的失活可能与细胞恶化有关；癌基因及生长因子类基因可能促进了细胞的转化。

联合应用SSH和cDNA Microarray筛选肺癌相关基因

目的 利用抑制消减杂交 (suppressionsubtractivehybridization ,SSH)和cDNAMicroarray筛选肺癌组织、肺癌旁组织和其它肿瘤组织中相互差异表达的基因。方法 将利用SSH构建的BEP2D细胞永生化阶段、恶性转化前阶段和恶性转化阶段三个cDNA文库中的克隆制作在一张芯片上 ,筛选了 15例肺癌组织、5例肺癌旁组织和其他癌组织 2 4例 (肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、白血病、子宫内膜癌、脑神经胶质瘤和结肠癌各 3例 )中mRNA的表达差异。结果 获得肺癌组织高于肺癌旁组织表达的cDNA 2 6个 ,肺癌旁组织高于肺癌组织表达的 31个。二者高于其它 8种癌组织的分别为 :肺癌旁组织中 63个 ,肺癌组织中 87个。结论 联合应用SSH和cDNAMicroarray是筛选和鉴定不同样本中差异表达基因的快速和有效的方法 ;肺癌旁组织和肺癌组织中差异表达的基因 ,以及这二者与其它组织差异表达的基因 ,不仅可能是肺癌发生发展机制中的重要基因 。

Salt-responsive genes in rice revealed by cDNA microarray analysis

We used cDNA microarrays containing ～9,000 unigenes to identify 486 salt responsive expressed sequence tags (ESTs) (representing ～450 unigenes) in shoots of the highly salt-tolerant rice variety, Nona Bokra (Oryza sativa L. Ssp.Indica pv. Nona). Some of the genes identified in this study had previously been associated with salt stress. Howeverthe majority were novel, indicating that there is a great number of genes that are induced by salt exposure. Analysis of the salt stress expression profile data of Nona provided clues regarding some putative cellular and molecular processes that are undertaken by this tolerant rice variety in response to salt stress. Namely, we found that multiple transcription factors were induced during the initial salt response of shoots. Many genes whose encoded proteins are implicated in detoxification, protectant and transport were rapidly induced. Genes supporting photosynthesis were repressed and those supporting carbohydrate metabolism were altered. Commonality among the genes induced by salt exposure with those induced during senescence and biotic stress responses suggests that there are shared signaling pathways among these processes. We further compared the transcriptome changes of the salt-sensitive cultivar, IR28, with that of Nona rice. Many genes that are salt responsive in Nona were found to be differentially regulated in IR28. This study identified a large number of candidate functional genes that appear to be involved in salt tolerance and further examination of these genes may enable the molecular basis of salt tolerance to be elucidated.

Analysis of gene expression profiles in pancreatic carcinoma by using cDNA microarray

OBJECTIVES: To survey the gene expression profiles in pancreatic carcinoma by using cDNA microarray and detect target genes for further study. METHODS: Three mixed samples from 2 cases of normal pancreatic tissue and 4 cases of moderate-differentiated pancreatic carcinoma were studied by means of cDNA microarray consisting of 18 000 genes. RESULTS: 1484 and 1353 different expressed genes were observed in two cancer samples respectively. We identified 455 genes altered with the same tendency in both samples, including 102 up-regulated and 353 down-regulated genes. There were 274 known genes and 181 unknown genes; 27.8% and 52.0% genes respectively had an expression level in cancer that was 2-fold higher or lower than that in normal samples. Tumor suppressor genes, growth factors and receptor genes, signal conduction genes, transcription factor genes were identified. CONCLUSIONS: cDNA microarray is an efficient and high-throughout method to investigate gene expression profiles in pancreatic carcinoma. MBD1, EDG1 and gene hypermethylation mechanism would play an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma.

Comparison of gene expression profiles between primary tumor and metastatic lesions in gastric cancer patients using laser microdissection and cDNA microarray

AIM. To study the differential gene expression profiles of target cells in primary gastric cancer and its metastatic lymph nodes using laser microdissection （LMD） in combination with cDNA microarray. METHODS： Normal gastric tissue samples from 30 healthy individuals, 36 cancer tissue samples from primary gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis tissue samples from 58 patients during gastric cancer resection were obtained using LMD in combination with cDNA microarray independently. After P27-based amplification, aRNA from 36 of 58 patients （group 1） with lymph node metastasis and metastatic tissue specimens from the remaining 22 patients （group 2） were applied to cDNA microarray. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and imrnunohistochemical assay verified the results of microarray in group 2 and further identified genes differentially expressed in the progression of gastric cancer. RESULTS： The expression of 10 genes was up-regulated while the expression of 15 genes was down-regulated in 22 gastric carcinoma samples compared with that of genes in the normal controls. The results were confirmed at the level of mRNA and protein, and suggested that four genes （OPCML, RNASE1, YES1 and ACK1） could play a key role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of gastric cancer. The expression pattern of 3 genes （OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1） was similar to tumor suppressor genes. For example, the expression level of these genes was the highest in normal gastric epithelium, which was decreased in primary carcinoma, and further decreased in metastatic lymph nodes. On the contrary, the expression pattern of gene ACK1 was similar to that of oncogene. Four genes were further identified as differentially expressed genes in the majority of the cases in the progression of gastric cancer. CONCLUSION： LMD in combination with cDNA microaro ray provides a unique support foe the identification of early expression profiles of differential genes and the expression pattern of 3 genes （OPCML, RNASE1 and YES1） associated with the progression of gastric cancer. Further study is needed to reveal the molecular mechanism of lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.

GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING IN MULTIDRUG RESISTANT KB CELLS USING cDNA MICROARRAYS

Objective: A single mechanistic pathway cannot explain the genesis of drug resistance in cancer. Drug resistance in cancer is a major obstacle to successful chemotherapy. KB cells provide a useful starting point for selection of the multidrug resistant (MDR) cell lines. Methods: We used cDNA microarrays containing 12,720 sequences of known genes, expressed sequence tags and unknown clones to monitor gene expression profiles in MDR KB cells. Results: Preliminary data analysis showed that 18 genes were up-regulated and 18 genes were down-regulated by comparison of expression patterns between KB 3-1 and MDR KB-V1 cells. Furthermore, the highly over-expressed CGA, CLU genes in MDR KB-V1 cell were verified with conventional Northern blot analysis. These genes contain information predictive of drug resistance of cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that genome-wide gene expression profiling by using cDNA microarray technique is a valuable approach in obtaining molecular mechanism of drug resistance in cancer cells.

Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinomas by cDNA microarray

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Conventional diagnosis and treatment of this malignancy have been dismal and should be complemented by novel tools. The development and progress of HCC are believed to be caused by the accumulation of genetic changes resulting in altered expression of thousands of cancer-related genes, which can be measured by globe genetic analysis. Gene expression profiling of HCC has been employed to elucidate hepatocarcinogenesis and disclose molecular mechanisms underlying complex clinical features.Identifying phenotype-associated genes/profiles has impacts on current diagnosis and management strategy of HCC. In spite of some pitfalls of this technology and challenges in improving the research process, scrutinous validation of profiling data of HCC combined with other approaches will eventually benefit the patients.

Development of a Porcine cDNA Microarray:Analysis of Clenbuterol Responding Genes in Pig(Sus scrofa) Internal Organs

Pig （Sus scrofa） fat accumulation can be reduced by feeding with high dosages of clenbuterol, but the molecular mechanism has not yet been explained. In our study, a porcine cDNA microarray representing 3 358 pig genes was successfully developed. This microarray is the first porcine DNA microarray in China and its false positive rate is 0.98%, which means the microarray platform is reliable. The microarray can be used to study gene expression profiles in multiple pig tissues because the present genes percentage of adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, liver, lung, kidney, and spleen were all more than 60%. This microarray was used to identify the genes responding to clenbuterol stimulation in pig internal organs, including heart, liver, lung, spleen, and kidney. Many genes were identified including enzymes involved in lipids metabolism （lipoprotein lipase up-regulated in liver, heart and lung, ATP-citrate lyase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase II precursor up-regulated in liver, succinyl-CoA up-regulated in lung, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase down-regulated in spleen）, and signaling pathway genes （cAMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway was found up-regulated in liver, heart, lung, and kidney as reported previously, while transforming growth factor was found down-regulated in heart and lung）. However, no common gene responding to clenbuterol administration was found in all tissues. The expression levels of 14 genes were analyzed using real-time PCR with 82.1% of them induced to express similar magnitudes as in the microarray analyses. This work offers some understanding of how clenbuterol so effectively reduces pig adipose accumulation on the molecular level.

Discovery and analysis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma genes using cDNA microarrays

AIM: To study the pathogenetic processes and the role of gene expression by microarray analyses in expediting our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and to identify the novel cancer-associated genes.METHODS: Nine histologically defined pancreatic head adenocarcinoma specimens associated with clinical data were studied. Total RNA and mRNA were isolated and labeled by reverse transcription reaction with Cy5 and Cy3 for cDNA probe. The cDNA microarrays that represent a set of 4 096 human genes were hybridized with labeled cDNA probe and screened for molecular profiling analyses.RESULTS: Using this methodology, 184 genes were screened out for differences in gene expression level after nine couples of hybridizations. Of the 184 genes,87 were upregulated and 97 downregulated, including 11 novel human genes. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue, several invasion and metastasis related genes showed their high expression levels, suggesting that poor prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma might have a solid molecular biological basis.CONCLUSION: The application of cDNA microarray technique for analysis of gene expression patterns is a powerful strategy to identify novel cancer-associated genes, and to rapidly explore their role in clinical pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Microarray profiles provide us new insights into the carcinogenesis and invasive process of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Our results suggest that a highly organized and structured process of tumor invasion exists in the pancreas.

Difference in gene expression of macrophage between normal spleen and portal hypertensive spleen idendified by cDNA microarray

AIM: To identify the difference in gene expression of microphage (Mφ) between normal spleen and portal hypertensive spleen using cDNA microarrays and find new gene functions associated with hypersplenism in portal hypertension. METHODS: The Biostar-H140s chip containing 14 112 spots of cDNAs were used to investigate the difference of the expression. The total RNA extracted from macrophages isolated from both normal spleen and portal hypertensive spleen was reversely transcribed to cDNA with the incorporation of fluorescent (cy3 and cy5) labeled dCTP to prepare the hybridization probes. After hybridization, the gene chip was scanned for the fluorescent intensity. The differentially expressed genes were screened. That was repeated three times, and only the genes which had differential expression in all three chips were considered to be associated with hypersplenism in portal hypertension. RESULTS: Eight hundred and ninety-six, 1330 and 898 genes were identified to be differentially expressed in three chips, respectively. One hundred and twenty-one genes (0.86%) were identified to be differentially expressed in all three chips, including 21 up-regulated genes and 73 down-regulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were related to ionic channel and transport protein, cyclin, cytoskeleton, cell receptor, cell signal conduct, metabolism, immune, and so on. These genes might be related to the hypersplenism in portal hypertension.CONCLUSION: The investigations based on cDNA microarray can screen differentially expressed genes of macrophages between normal spleen and portal hypertensive spleen, thus may provide a new idea in studying the pathogenesis of hypersplenism in portal hypertension.

Identifi cation of the differential expressive tumor associated genes in rectal cancers by cDNA microarray

AIM： To identify tumor associated genes of rectal cancer and to probe the application possibility of gene expression profiles for the classification of tumors.METHODS： Rectal cancer tissues and their paired normal mucosa were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection of rectal cancer. Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagents. First strand cDNA synthesis was indirectly labeled with aminoallyl-dUTP and coupled with Cy3 or Cy5 dye NHS mono-functional ester. After normalization to total spots, the genes which background subtracted intensity did not exceed 2 SD above the mean blank were excluded. The data were then sorted to obtain genes differentially expressed by ≥ 2 fold up or down in at least 5 of the 21 patients.RESULTS： In the 21 rectal cancer patients, 23 genes were up-regulated in at least 5 samples and 15 genes were down-regulated in at least 5 patients. Hierachical cluster analysis classified the patients into two groups according to the clinicopathological stage, with one group being all above stage Ⅱ and one group all below stage Ⅱ.CONCLUSION： The up-regulated genes and downregulated genes may be molecular markers of rectal cancer. The expression profiles can be used for classification of rectal cancer.

Prospects of DNA microarray application in management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A systematic review

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is incurable chronic disease which kills 3.3 million each year worldwide.Number of global cases of COPD is steadily rising alongside with life expectancy,disproportionally hitting middle-income countries like Russia and China,in such conditions,new approaches to the COPD management are desperately needed.DNA microarray technology is a powerful genomic tool that has the potential to uncover underlying COPD biological alteration and brings up revolutionized treatment option to clinicians.We executed systematic review studies of studies published in last 10 years regarding DNA microarray application in COPD management,with complacence to PRISMA criteria and using PubMed and Medline data bases as data source.Out of 920 identified papers,39 were included in the final analysis.We concluded that Genome-wide expression profiling using DNA microarray technology has great potential in enhancing COPD management.Current studied proofed this method is reliable and possesses many potential applications such as individual at risk of COPD development recognition,early diagnosis of disease,COPD phenotype identification,exacerbation prediction,personalized treatment optioning and prospect of oncogenesis evaluation in patients with COPD.Despite all the proofed benefits of this technology,researchers are still in the early stage of exploring it’s potential.Therefore,large clinical trials are still needed to set up standard for DNA microarray techniques usage implementation in COPD management guidelines,subsequently giving opportunity to clinicians for controlling or even eliminating COPD entirely.

DNA微阵列芯片法在非结核分枝杆菌菌种鉴定的应用探讨

目的为临床工作中非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)的感染和防治提供科学依据。方法收集疑似结核分枝杆菌感染患者标本(包括呼吸道标本痰液、灌洗液以及非呼吸道标本无菌体液)共1089例,采用DNA微阵列芯片法进行检测,分析分枝杆菌菌种的分布特点。结果1089份标本中检出结核分枝杆菌878份(80.62%),NTM211份(19.38%)。其中非结核分枝杆菌菌种分布有5种,胞内分枝杆菌153例(72.51%),鸟分枝杆菌28例(13.27%),龟脓分枝杆菌复合群19例(9%),堪萨斯分枝杆菌10例(4.74%),耻垢分枝杆菌1例(0.48%)。非结核分枝杆菌感染人员分布男性127例(60.19%),女性84例(39.81%),年龄分布以老年为主,60岁以上103例(48.82%),男性71例(68.93%),女性32例(31.07%)。结论疑似结核分枝杆菌患者检出NTM共有5种,排名前三的NTM种类是胞内分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌和龟脓分枝杆菌复合群,感染人群以老年男性为主。

Analysis of Differential Gene Expression Pattern in Brassica napus Hybrid Huayouza 6 and Its Parents Using Arabidopsis cDNA Microarray

Huayouza 6, a new semi-winter Brassica napus variety with high-yield, good quality, prematufity and extensive adaptability, was derived from the cross between the female parent 8086A and male parent 7-5. Two cDNA-based Arabidopisis microarray were used to analyze gene differential expression in bud of an elite B.napus hybrid Huayouza6 and its parents, in which there were 83 over-expression transcripts and 331 under-expression transcripts between Huayouza 6 and its female parent 8086A and 94 over-expression transcripts, and 423 under-expression transcripts were demonstrated between Huayouza 6 and its male parent 7-5. Further analysis showed that there were significant number of genes responsible for photosynthesis, and its implication for heterosis was discussed. Northern analysis of phosphoribulokinase coincided with its expression pattern derived from hybridization of Arabidopsis cDNA microarray and B. napus mRNA, this system of heterologous hybridization analysis should be applicable to other close relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Mechanisms of eriocalyxin B on antileukemia activity by human cDNA microarray

OBJECTIVE Eriocalyxin B(EriB)is a natural diterpenoid purified fromIsodoneriocalyxvar.laxiflora,traditional Chinese herbal medicines,possesses strong antileukemic activity with low toxicity.In murine t(8;21)leukemia models,EriB remarkably prolong the survival time and decreased the xenograft tumor size by targeting AML1-ETO oncoprotein.In angiogenesis research by the highly vascularized chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)of the chicken embryo further confirm its antiangiogenic activity.Microarray offers a high efficient approach to study the gene expression profile treated by EriB,so as to provide systematic information about potential mechanisms of EriB curing AML.METHODS The t(8;21)AML cell line Kasumi-1 is most sensitive to EriB.Cells are treated with Eri-B(0.5μmol·L-1)and collected in 2,6,12 and 24h,respectively.Using human cDNA microarray,we investigate the changes of differential gene expression of Kasumi-1cells by time before and after Eri-B treatment.Meanwhile,the mRNA expression of TRAF2,DEDD2,BAG3,SAT1,IQGAP1,C-myc and GRB2 is detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR.RESULTS The genes regulated significantly are correlated with cell proliferation,apoptosis,cell circle,regulation of transcription,response to stimulies and metabolism.Regulation of TNFR mediated apoptotic signaling by EriB plays a key role to induce apoptosis and cell circle,involved NF-κB,Ras-MAPK,cAMP/PKA,PI3K/Akt,Cyt c/caspase and p53-Rb signal pathways.After detected by SqRT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR,the mRNA expressions of BAG3,DEDD2,SAT1 and C-myc are significantly changed.CONCLUSION These findings describes the probable mechanisms involved and the value of EriB as a promising candidate targeting apoptosis cascade and cell circle in treatment of AML.

A cDNA microarray analysis of the molecular control of poplar wood properties

Molecular biological research into wood development and formation has been the focus in recent years, but the pace of discovery of related genes and their functions in the control of wood properties has been slow. The microarray technique--with its advantages of high throughput capacity, sensitivity, and reliability over other tools developed for investigating genes expression patterns-is capable of rapidly assaying thousands of genes. In this study, a cDNA microarray prepared from two cDNA libraries of developing poplar xylem tissues was used to assay gene expression patterns in immature xylem tissues at different heights from the main stem of Populus deltoides （15 years old）, which was confirmed to have distinct wood properties （microfibrillar angle, woody density） by X-ray. Two hundred seventy-four transcripts with differ- ential expression profles between the chips were screened out, and the individual clones were subjected to 5＇ sequencing. Using bioinformatic analysis, we identified candidate genes that may influence poplar wood properties, many of which belong to various regulatory and signal transduction gene families, such as zinc finger protein transcription factor, DNA-binding transcription factor, ethylene response factors, and so on. The results suggest that these genes may regulate enzymes involved in wood formation. Further work will be performed to clone these genes and determine how they influence poplar wood properties.

Gene expression in retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects A cDNA microarray analysis

BACKGROUND： Neural tube defects can be induced by abnormal factors in vivo or in vitro during development. However, the molecular mechanisms of neural tube defect induction, and the related gene expression and regulation are still unknown. OBJECTIVE： To compare the differences in gene expression between normal embryos and those with neural tube defects. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A neural development study was performed at the Department of Neurobiology, Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between January 2006 and October 2007. MATERIALS： Among 120 adult Kunming mice, 60 pregnant mice were randomly and evenly divided into a retinoic acid group （n = 30） and a normal control group （n =30）. The retinoic acid was produced by Sigma, USA, the gene microarray by the Amersham Pharmacia Company, Hong Kong, and the gene sequence was provided by the Incyte database, USA. METHODS： Retinoic acid was administered to prepare models of neural tube defects, and corn oil was similarly administered to the normal control group. Total RNA was extracted from embryonic tissue of the two groups using a Trizol kit, and a cDNA microarray containing 1 100 known genes was used to compare differences in gene expression between the normal control group and the retinoic acid group on embryonic （E） day 10.5 and 11.5. Several differentially expressed genes were randomly selected from the two groups for Northern blotting, to verify the results of the cDNA microarray. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Morphological changes and differential gene expression between the normal control group and the retinoic acid group. RESULTS： Anatomical microscopy demonstrated that an intact closure of the brain was formed in the normal mouse embryos by days E10.5 and E11.5. The cerebral appearance was full and smooth, and the surface of the spine was intact. However, in the retinoic acid group on days E10.5 and E11.5, there were more dead embryos. Morphological malformations typically included non-closure at the top of the cranium and abnormal changes of the metencephalon and face. cDNA microarray analysis suggested that the changes in expression of seven different genes were similar on both days E10.5 and E11.5. These were downregulation of NekT, Igfbp5, Zw10, Csf3r, Psmc6 and Rb 1, and upregulation of Apoa-4. This study also indicated that Cdk5 expression was downregulated in the retinoic acid group on day E11.5. The results of the cDNA microarray analysis were partly confirmed by Northern blotting. CONCLUSION： Cdk5, Nek7, Igfbp5, Zw10, Csf3r, Psmc6, Rb1 and Apoa-4 may be key factors in retinoic acid-induced neural tube defects.

Monitoring the Expression Profiles of Cereal Crops Seedlings by Using Rice cDNA Microarray

Through exploiting the high homology of cereal crop genes, membranous cDNA microarrays containing 3 311 unique rice transcripts (including 1 639 endosperm-derived transcripts and 1 672 mature stem-derived transcripts) were used for monitoring the expression profiles of 1-leaf stage seedlings of 4 cereal crop species: rice, maize, sorghum and barley. After hybridizing with [α-33P| labeled probes, 73.6 % of the arrayed genes generated reliable signals in all of the four cercal crops. Further analysis revealed that among the arrayed genes, a higher percentage of the endosperm-derived transcripts (86.6 %) expressed than that of the mature stem-derived genes (60.9 %), indicating that most of the endosperm expressed genes functioned in young seedlings while considerable amount of mature stem tissue expressed genes did not express. These results also inferred that some genes might function only at certain developmental stages. By comparing the obtained profiles, 84 genes were identified constantly expressed in all me four cereal crops. Many housekeeping genes, such as polyubiquitin, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme and ribosomal proteins were included in this catalogue. The experiment also identified 14 rice seedling specifically expressed genes, including 3 biotic and abiotic stress induced genes and 1 apoptosis suppressor encoding gene Bax inhibitor-1. This investigation provided invaluable information for comparative genomics of gramineae members.