Rapid advancements in forensic DNA technology has resulted in its increasing use to resolve crime cases, particularly in the detection of low-level DNA traces. This has been made possible by the increasing sensitivity...Rapid advancements in forensic DNA technology has resulted in its increasing use to resolve crime cases, particularly in the detection of low-level DNA traces. This has been made possible by the increasing sensitivity of STR typing kits. Low-template DNA analysis requires careful consideration of the derived stochastic variations that lead to heterozygote imbalance, allele drop-out and increased detection of background contamination. The relevance of the evidence and the probative value of the DNA profile are important issues in the evaluation of forensic evidence.展开更多
Phar.Eur.Herbal Drug(HD)monographs state which aspects have to be considered for quality assurance through the relevant chapters'Definition'.'Characters','Identification','Tests',and...Phar.Eur.Herbal Drug(HD)monographs state which aspects have to be considered for quality assurance through the relevant chapters'Definition'.'Characters','Identification','Tests',and'Assay'.Identification of botanical material is achieved by macroscopic and microscopic morphology,generally examined by a trained expert.Content or assay is the most difficult area of展开更多
[Objective] The pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer was classified at molecular level to provide basic materials for molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer. [Method] Plasmids from 24 p...[Objective] The pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer was classified at molecular level to provide basic materials for molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer. [Method] Plasmids from 24 pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer were extracted by the Lysis Triton method, and then identified by single enzyme digestion with three endonucleases of Hind Ⅲ, EcoR Ⅰ and BamH Ⅰ. [Result] The yield rate of plasmids was 91.6%, and 24 pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer had the identical or similar plasmid profiles. [Conclusion] Plasmid DNA analysis offers scientific basis for molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer in Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding.展开更多
DNA extraction from degraded skeletal samples is often particularly challenging. The difficulty derives from the fact that variable environment has a significant effect on DNA preservation. During the years 2002-2015 ...DNA extraction from degraded skeletal samples is often particularly challenging. The difficulty derives from the fact that variable environment has a significant effect on DNA preservation. During the years 2002-2015 unidentified degraded skeletal remains were accumulated at our institute, National Institute of Forensic Medicine (NIFM), most of them with none or partial DNA profile. As new methods rapidly emerge, we revisited these samples with partial DNA profiles in the hope to add additional alleles and eventually be able to identify these previously unidentifiable samples. We have chosen to use these samples to compare two automated methods: Prepfiler Express BTA (Applied Biosystems) and QIAcube (Quiagen), in hope of acquiring a more complete DNA profile and eventually make new identifications possibly comparing these profiles with missing person database. In both methods, a preparation step is required, after which the samples undergo automatic DNA extraction. The two protocols are based on different extraction methods. Fresh or non-problematic bone samples as the positive control gave the same results in both methods. In the degraded skeletal samples, the results were significantly better using the QIAcube method in our hands, but since degraded samples are highly variable the combination of both methods could be useful to receive better and more reliable profiles.展开更多
To understand how differentially methylated genes（DMGs）might affect the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease（KBD）.Genome-wide methylation profiling of whole blood from 12matched KBD and controls pairs was performed...To understand how differentially methylated genes（DMGs）might affect the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease（KBD）.Genome-wide methylation profiling of whole blood from 12matched KBD and controls pairs was performed using a high-resolution Infinium 450 K methylation array.In total,97 CpG sites were differentially展开更多
Introduction:Storage of specimens sampled from human remains for pathological testing,embalming for burial purposes,and for human identification often requires formalin fixation and/or paraffin embedding.Current knowl...Introduction:Storage of specimens sampled from human remains for pathological testing,embalming for burial purposes,and for human identification often requires formalin fixation and/or paraffin embedding.Current knowledge in molecular biology techniques and forensic DNA analysis makes it possible to optimize the extraction of amplifiable DNA from formalin-fixed tissues by improving the pre-treatment,optimizing the digestion condition of proteinase K,simplifying the extraction protocol and purifying the extracted DNA with optimized volumes of alcohol.Aim:This research sought to extract amplifiable DNA from thirteen brain,bone marrow and cartilage samples from four formalin embalmed human cadavers.Materials and Methods:Brain,cartilage and bone marrow samples were taken from four different cadavers at autopsy at the Ghana Police Hospital mortuary in Accra,Ghana sixty-two days after embalming.An optimized preparation and DNA extraction protocol was carried out on all the samples.Brain samples were also taken from a non-formalin treated fifth cadaver of known STR profile,and standard DNA extraction performed to serve as positive control.Results:Our optimized protocol yielded detectable quantities of DNA from the samples when quantified with the 7500 Real-Time PCR equipment.The extracted DNA also yielded full STR profiles with varying peak heights for forensic identification purposes.The measured degradation indexes of the DNA samples were greater than 1.0,with peak heights of generated STR profiles above the limits of detection of the 3500 genetic analyzer.Conclusion:Our current study demonstrated an optimized method of DNA extraction from tissues(brain,cartilage and bone marrow)sampled from formalin embalmed human cadavers.The optimized protocol reduced the concentration of formalin fixation residues in extracted DNA from formalin-fixed tissues,thereby improving the amplification efficiency for STR profiling.Brain,bone marrow and cartilages can be a good source of DNA from embalmed and degraded human remains,though for skeletonized human remains together with teeth and long bones.展开更多
Abstract： One of the great concerns of the customers is the traceability of the products. The authors proposed to link microbial ecology to geographical origin of foodstuffs by a molecular technique joined to an imag...Abstract： One of the great concerns of the customers is the traceability of the products. The authors proposed to link microbial ecology to geographical origin of foodstuffs by a molecular technique joined to an image analysis. Molecular techniques employing 16S and 28S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE were used to detect the variation in microbial community （bacteria, fungi） of Pangasius fish from Viet Nam harvested in different aquaculture farms and during different seasons and Shea tree fruits from five different districts in Mali. The bacterial DNA profiles from Pangasius fish and the fungal DNA profile from Shea tree fruits were specific to each place of production and could be used as a biological bar code certifying the origin of fish and fruit. To follow the product during processing, the authors proposed to identify and validate some pertinent biological markers which come from the environment of the food to assure their traceability during international trade. It is new analytical method which permits to determine the origin of food or to follow them during international trade.展开更多
DNA profiling is one of the powerful breakthroughs in forensics.This specialized technique has made the identification of an individual possible even by a tiny shred of tissue or drop of blood thus,has strongly revolu...DNA profiling is one of the powerful breakthroughs in forensics.This specialized technique has made the identification of an individual possible even by a tiny shred of tissue or drop of blood thus,has strongly revolutionized various criminal investigations.Rape,paternity,and murder cases are the type of criminal cases commonly solved by the use of this technique.It has been recently introduced to forensic odontology and is also used frequently.Although this is a powerful and reliable scientific technique but its forensic use is a major contribution to the debate on law reform.The application of DNA profiling in the criminal justice system,i.e.,the admissibility of DNA evidence in court of law is an important issue which is being faced by the courts and forensic experts worldwide today.Thus,a proper legal outlook is required while dealing with this kind of scientific evidence.Therefore,this review intends to make forensic experts/odontologists aware about the admissibility of DNA evidence in court,with a highlight on the laws related to the admissibility of evidence worldwide,having a special focus on the laws related to admissibility of evidence in Indian judicial system.For this review,the literature was overviewed from articles on DNA evidence and admissibility retrieved by searches on electronic databases such as Google,PubMed,and EMBASE from 1975 through July 2015.展开更多
The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materi...The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materials remaining after exposure to environmental conditions, intense heat, certain traumatic events and in cases where a significant amount of time has passed since the death of the individual, the ability to purify large quantities of informative DNA from these hard tissues would be beneficial. Since sampling the hard tissues for gen-etic analysis is a destructive process, it is important to understand those environmental and intrinsic factors that contribute to DNA preservation. This will serve as a brief introduction to these topics, since skeletal sampling strategies and molecular taphonomy have been dis-cussed in depth elsewhere. Additionally advances in skeletal DNA extraction and analysis will be discussed. Currently there is great variation in the DNA isolation methods used by laboratories to purify DNA from the hard tissues;however, a standardized set of short tan-dem repeat (STR) loci is analyzed by many US laboratories to allow for comparisons across samples and jurisdictions. Recent advances have allowed for the generation of DNA profiles from smaller quantities of template DNA and have expanded the number of loci analyzed for greater discriminatory power and predictions regarding the geographic ancestry and phenotype of the individual. Finally, utilizing databases and expanding the number of com-parison samples will be discussed in light of their role in the identification process.展开更多
文摘Rapid advancements in forensic DNA technology has resulted in its increasing use to resolve crime cases, particularly in the detection of low-level DNA traces. This has been made possible by the increasing sensitivity of STR typing kits. Low-template DNA analysis requires careful consideration of the derived stochastic variations that lead to heterozygote imbalance, allele drop-out and increased detection of background contamination. The relevance of the evidence and the probative value of the DNA profile are important issues in the evaluation of forensic evidence.
文摘Phar.Eur.Herbal Drug(HD)monographs state which aspects have to be considered for quality assurance through the relevant chapters'Definition'.'Characters','Identification','Tests',and'Assay'.Identification of botanical material is achieved by macroscopic and microscopic morphology,generally examined by a trained expert.Content or assay is the most difficult area of
基金Supported by Youth Foundation of Education Department in Sichuan Province (07ZB060)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Fund in Sichuan Agricultural University~~
文摘[Objective] The pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer was classified at molecular level to provide basic materials for molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer. [Method] Plasmids from 24 pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer were extracted by the Lysis Triton method, and then identified by single enzyme digestion with three endonucleases of Hind Ⅲ, EcoR Ⅰ and BamH Ⅰ. [Result] The yield rate of plasmids was 91.6%, and 24 pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer had the identical or similar plasmid profiles. [Conclusion] Plasmid DNA analysis offers scientific basis for molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Escherichia coli in musk deer in Sichuan Institute of Musk Deer Breeding.
文摘DNA extraction from degraded skeletal samples is often particularly challenging. The difficulty derives from the fact that variable environment has a significant effect on DNA preservation. During the years 2002-2015 unidentified degraded skeletal remains were accumulated at our institute, National Institute of Forensic Medicine (NIFM), most of them with none or partial DNA profile. As new methods rapidly emerge, we revisited these samples with partial DNA profiles in the hope to add additional alleles and eventually be able to identify these previously unidentifiable samples. We have chosen to use these samples to compare two automated methods: Prepfiler Express BTA (Applied Biosystems) and QIAcube (Quiagen), in hope of acquiring a more complete DNA profile and eventually make new identifications possibly comparing these profiles with missing person database. In both methods, a preparation step is required, after which the samples undergo automatic DNA extraction. The two protocols are based on different extraction methods. Fresh or non-problematic bone samples as the positive control gave the same results in both methods. In the degraded skeletal samples, the results were significantly better using the QIAcube method in our hands, but since degraded samples are highly variable the combination of both methods could be useful to receive better and more reliable profiles.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81273007)
文摘To understand how differentially methylated genes（DMGs）might affect the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease（KBD）.Genome-wide methylation profiling of whole blood from 12matched KBD and controls pairs was performed using a high-resolution Infinium 450 K methylation array.In total,97 CpG sites were differentially
文摘Introduction:Storage of specimens sampled from human remains for pathological testing,embalming for burial purposes,and for human identification often requires formalin fixation and/or paraffin embedding.Current knowledge in molecular biology techniques and forensic DNA analysis makes it possible to optimize the extraction of amplifiable DNA from formalin-fixed tissues by improving the pre-treatment,optimizing the digestion condition of proteinase K,simplifying the extraction protocol and purifying the extracted DNA with optimized volumes of alcohol.Aim:This research sought to extract amplifiable DNA from thirteen brain,bone marrow and cartilage samples from four formalin embalmed human cadavers.Materials and Methods:Brain,cartilage and bone marrow samples were taken from four different cadavers at autopsy at the Ghana Police Hospital mortuary in Accra,Ghana sixty-two days after embalming.An optimized preparation and DNA extraction protocol was carried out on all the samples.Brain samples were also taken from a non-formalin treated fifth cadaver of known STR profile,and standard DNA extraction performed to serve as positive control.Results:Our optimized protocol yielded detectable quantities of DNA from the samples when quantified with the 7500 Real-Time PCR equipment.The extracted DNA also yielded full STR profiles with varying peak heights for forensic identification purposes.The measured degradation indexes of the DNA samples were greater than 1.0,with peak heights of generated STR profiles above the limits of detection of the 3500 genetic analyzer.Conclusion:Our current study demonstrated an optimized method of DNA extraction from tissues(brain,cartilage and bone marrow)sampled from formalin embalmed human cadavers.The optimized protocol reduced the concentration of formalin fixation residues in extracted DNA from formalin-fixed tissues,thereby improving the amplification efficiency for STR profiling.Brain,bone marrow and cartilages can be a good source of DNA from embalmed and degraded human remains,though for skeletonized human remains together with teeth and long bones.
文摘Abstract： One of the great concerns of the customers is the traceability of the products. The authors proposed to link microbial ecology to geographical origin of foodstuffs by a molecular technique joined to an image analysis. Molecular techniques employing 16S and 28S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE were used to detect the variation in microbial community （bacteria, fungi） of Pangasius fish from Viet Nam harvested in different aquaculture farms and during different seasons and Shea tree fruits from five different districts in Mali. The bacterial DNA profiles from Pangasius fish and the fungal DNA profile from Shea tree fruits were specific to each place of production and could be used as a biological bar code certifying the origin of fish and fruit. To follow the product during processing, the authors proposed to identify and validate some pertinent biological markers which come from the environment of the food to assure their traceability during international trade. It is new analytical method which permits to determine the origin of food or to follow them during international trade.
文摘DNA profiling is one of the powerful breakthroughs in forensics.This specialized technique has made the identification of an individual possible even by a tiny shred of tissue or drop of blood thus,has strongly revolutionized various criminal investigations.Rape,paternity,and murder cases are the type of criminal cases commonly solved by the use of this technique.It has been recently introduced to forensic odontology and is also used frequently.Although this is a powerful and reliable scientific technique but its forensic use is a major contribution to the debate on law reform.The application of DNA profiling in the criminal justice system,i.e.,the admissibility of DNA evidence in court of law is an important issue which is being faced by the courts and forensic experts worldwide today.Thus,a proper legal outlook is required while dealing with this kind of scientific evidence.Therefore,this review intends to make forensic experts/odontologists aware about the admissibility of DNA evidence in court,with a highlight on the laws related to the admissibility of evidence worldwide,having a special focus on the laws related to admissibility of evidence in Indian judicial system.For this review,the literature was overviewed from articles on DNA evidence and admissibility retrieved by searches on electronic databases such as Google,PubMed,and EMBASE from 1975 through July 2015.
文摘The generation of a DNA profile from skeletal remains is an important part of the identifica-tion process in both mass disaster and unidentified person cases. Since bones and teeth are often the only biological materials remaining after exposure to environmental conditions, intense heat, certain traumatic events and in cases where a significant amount of time has passed since the death of the individual, the ability to purify large quantities of informative DNA from these hard tissues would be beneficial. Since sampling the hard tissues for gen-etic analysis is a destructive process, it is important to understand those environmental and intrinsic factors that contribute to DNA preservation. This will serve as a brief introduction to these topics, since skeletal sampling strategies and molecular taphonomy have been dis-cussed in depth elsewhere. Additionally advances in skeletal DNA extraction and analysis will be discussed. Currently there is great variation in the DNA isolation methods used by laboratories to purify DNA from the hard tissues;however, a standardized set of short tan-dem repeat (STR) loci is analyzed by many US laboratories to allow for comparisons across samples and jurisdictions. Recent advances have allowed for the generation of DNA profiles from smaller quantities of template DNA and have expanded the number of loci analyzed for greater discriminatory power and predictions regarding the geographic ancestry and phenotype of the individual. Finally, utilizing databases and expanding the number of com-parison samples will be discussed in light of their role in the identification process.
