Benzene is an established leukotoxin and leukemogen in humans. We have previously re- ported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein k...Benzene is an established leukotoxin and leukemogen in humans. We have previously re- ported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit （DNA-PKcs） to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break （DSB） caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. In this study, we used a new, small molecule, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, 2-（morpholin-4-yl）-benzo[h]chomen-4-one （NU7026）, as a probe to analyze the molecular events and pathways in hydroquinone-induced DNA DSB repair and apoptosis. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7026 markedly potentiated the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of hydroquinone in proerythroid leukemic K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. Moreover, hydroquinone increased the phos- phorylation of Akt to activate Akt, whereas co-treatment with NU7026 prevented the activation of Akt by hydroquinone. Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apop- tosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage.展开更多
In this paper,we study the ability of DNA-PK-deficient(M059J) and -proficient(M059K) cells to undergo the rate of cellular proliferation,cell cycle distribution and apoptosis after 10 Gy X-ray irradiation,and the role...In this paper,we study the ability of DNA-PK-deficient(M059J) and -proficient(M059K) cells to undergo the rate of cellular proliferation,cell cycle distribution and apoptosis after 10 Gy X-ray irradiation,and the role of DNA-PK in radiosensitivity.The results showed that M059J cells exhibited hyper-radiosensitivity compared with M059K cells.A strong G2 phase arrest was observed in M059J cells post irradiation.Significant accumulation in the G2 phase in M059J cells was accompanied by apoptosis at 12 h.Altogether,the data suggested that DNA-PK may have two roles in mammalian cells after DNA damage,a role in DNA DSB repair and a second role in DNA-damaged cells to traverse a G2 checkpoint,by which DNA-PK may affect cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation.展开更多
Reversible protein phosphorylation is a central regulatory mechanism of cell function. Deregulation of the balanced actions of protein kinases and phosphatases has been frequently associated with several pathological ...Reversible protein phosphorylation is a central regulatory mechanism of cell function. Deregulation of the balanced actions of protein kinases and phosphatases has been frequently associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer. Many studies have already addressed the role of protein kinases misregulation in cancer. However, much less is known about protein phosphatases influence. Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is one of the major serine/threonine protein phosphatases who has three catalytic isoforms: PPP1CA, PPP1CB, and PPP1CC. Its function is achieved by binding to regulatory subunits, known as PPP1-interacting proteins (PIPs), which may prefer a catalytic isoform. Also, some inhibitors/enhancers may exhibit isoform specificity. Here we show that, prodigiosin (PG), a molecule with anticancer properties, promotes the formation of PPP1CA-AKT complex and not of PPP1CC-MAPK complex. Both, AKT and MAPK, are well-known PIPs from two pathways that crosstalk and regulate melanoma cells survival. In addition, the analysis performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology indicates that PPP1 interacts with obatoclax (OBX), a drug that belongs to the same family of PG. Overall, these results suggest that PG might, at least in part, act through PPP1C/PIPs. Also, this study is pioneer in demonstrating PPP1 isoform-specific modulation by small molecules.展开更多
背景与目的:DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-dependent protein kinase,DNA-PK)是一种双链断裂修复蛋白,可以修复细胞的DNA双链断裂损伤。本研究通过转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸入鼻咽癌细胞株,探讨DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸对不同p53功能状态的鼻咽...背景与目的:DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-dependent protein kinase,DNA-PK)是一种双链断裂修复蛋白,可以修复细胞的DNA双链断裂损伤。本研究通过转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸入鼻咽癌细胞株,探讨DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸对不同p53功能状态的鼻咽癌细胞株的放射敏感性的影响。方法:利用LipofectamineTM2000转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸入鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1和CNE-1-wtp53;设0、0.5、1、2、4、6、8Gy7个放射剂量点,用集落形成法分析转染反义寡核苷酸前后细胞的存活情况,并分别用线性二次模型和单击多靶模型拟合出细胞的剂量存活曲线,求出放射生物学参数α、β、α/β、SF2、D0、Dq和N值,评价细胞放射敏感性的变化。结果:转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸前,CNE-1和CNE-1-wtp53的α值分别为0.03、0.05,SF2值分别为0.73、0.50,D0值分别为2.08Gy、1.13Gy,Dq值分别为2.04Gy、1.36Gy。转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸后,CNE-1和CNE-1-wtp53的α值分别为0.04、0.26,SF2值分别为0.45、0.21,D0值分别为1.07Gy、0.83Gy,Dq值分别为1.24Gy、0.73Gy。转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸后,鼻咽癌细胞的α值增大,SF2、D0、Dq值均减小。结论:DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸可逆转CNE-1的辐射抗性,该逆转作用不依赖细胞的p53功能状态。展开更多
文摘Benzene is an established leukotoxin and leukemogen in humans. We have previously re- ported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit （DNA-PKcs） to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break （DSB） caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. In this study, we used a new, small molecule, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, 2-（morpholin-4-yl）-benzo[h]chomen-4-one （NU7026）, as a probe to analyze the molecular events and pathways in hydroquinone-induced DNA DSB repair and apoptosis. Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7026 markedly potentiated the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of hydroquinone in proerythroid leukemic K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. Moreover, hydroquinone increased the phos- phorylation of Akt to activate Akt, whereas co-treatment with NU7026 prevented the activation of Akt by hydroquinone. Lastly, hydroquinone and NU7026 exhibited synergistic effects on promoting apop- tosis by increasing the protein levels of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase-3 but decreasing the protein expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10675151)Western Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (0860260XBO)
文摘In this paper,we study the ability of DNA-PK-deficient(M059J) and -proficient(M059K) cells to undergo the rate of cellular proliferation,cell cycle distribution and apoptosis after 10 Gy X-ray irradiation,and the role of DNA-PK in radiosensitivity.The results showed that M059J cells exhibited hyper-radiosensitivity compared with M059K cells.A strong G2 phase arrest was observed in M059J cells post irradiation.Significant accumulation in the G2 phase in M059J cells was accompanied by apoptosis at 12 h.Altogether,the data suggested that DNA-PK may have two roles in mammalian cells after DNA damage,a role in DNA DSB repair and a second role in DNA-damaged cells to traverse a G2 checkpoint,by which DNA-PK may affect cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation.
基金supported by grants from Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia(FCT)of the Portuguese Ministry of Science and Higher Education(PTDC/DTP-PIC/0460/2012)by FEDER through Eixo I do Programa Operacional Fatores de Competitividade(POFC)(FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-028692)co-funded by QREN
文摘Reversible protein phosphorylation is a central regulatory mechanism of cell function. Deregulation of the balanced actions of protein kinases and phosphatases has been frequently associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer. Many studies have already addressed the role of protein kinases misregulation in cancer. However, much less is known about protein phosphatases influence. Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 1 (PPP1) is one of the major serine/threonine protein phosphatases who has three catalytic isoforms: PPP1CA, PPP1CB, and PPP1CC. Its function is achieved by binding to regulatory subunits, known as PPP1-interacting proteins (PIPs), which may prefer a catalytic isoform. Also, some inhibitors/enhancers may exhibit isoform specificity. Here we show that, prodigiosin (PG), a molecule with anticancer properties, promotes the formation of PPP1CA-AKT complex and not of PPP1CC-MAPK complex. Both, AKT and MAPK, are well-known PIPs from two pathways that crosstalk and regulate melanoma cells survival. In addition, the analysis performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology indicates that PPP1 interacts with obatoclax (OBX), a drug that belongs to the same family of PG. Overall, these results suggest that PG might, at least in part, act through PPP1C/PIPs. Also, this study is pioneer in demonstrating PPP1 isoform-specific modulation by small molecules.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30070237)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2006AA02Z4B4).
文摘本文土要研究DNA依赖的蛋白激酶(DNA-dependent protein kinase,DNA-PK)与鼻咽癌细胞放射敏感性之间的关系。克隆形成实验分析鼻咽癌细胞CNE1/CNE2的剂量存活曲线,Signa TECT DNA-PK试剂盒检测DNA-PK活性,免疫荧光及激光显微共聚焦分析放疗前及放疗后15min、1h、6h、12h和24h CNE1/CNE2细胞中Kus及DNA-PKcs的亚细胞定位,Western blot分析两株细胞中Kus蛋白的表达。结果显示:CNE1细胞在每个剂量点的存活分数均高于CNE2细胞;同时发现放疗前后CNE1细胞中的DNA-PK活性也均高于CNE2细胞,但两株细胞中Ku70/Ku80蛋白表达无明显差异;放疗可使DNA- PK活性增加,且各个检测时间点CNE1细胞增加的幅度大于CNE2细胞;DNA-PK亚基可同时定位于胞浆和胞核,但主要位于胞核,细胞照射后Ku70、Ku80和DNA-PKcs从胞浆转运到胞核。结果表明:DNA-PK活性更高可能足CNE1细胞较CNE2细胞更能抵抗放射的原因之一;放疗所致DNA-PK活性增高可能与DNA-PK亚基从胞浆转运到胞核有关,而与Ku蛋白表达的总量无关。
文摘背景与目的:DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-dependent protein kinase,DNA-PK)是一种双链断裂修复蛋白,可以修复细胞的DNA双链断裂损伤。本研究通过转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸入鼻咽癌细胞株,探讨DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸对不同p53功能状态的鼻咽癌细胞株的放射敏感性的影响。方法:利用LipofectamineTM2000转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸入鼻咽癌细胞株CNE-1和CNE-1-wtp53;设0、0.5、1、2、4、6、8Gy7个放射剂量点,用集落形成法分析转染反义寡核苷酸前后细胞的存活情况,并分别用线性二次模型和单击多靶模型拟合出细胞的剂量存活曲线,求出放射生物学参数α、β、α/β、SF2、D0、Dq和N值,评价细胞放射敏感性的变化。结果:转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸前,CNE-1和CNE-1-wtp53的α值分别为0.03、0.05,SF2值分别为0.73、0.50,D0值分别为2.08Gy、1.13Gy,Dq值分别为2.04Gy、1.36Gy。转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸后,CNE-1和CNE-1-wtp53的α值分别为0.04、0.26,SF2值分别为0.45、0.21,D0值分别为1.07Gy、0.83Gy,Dq值分别为1.24Gy、0.73Gy。转染DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸后,鼻咽癌细胞的α值增大,SF2、D0、Dq值均减小。结论:DNA-PKcs反义寡核苷酸可逆转CNE-1的辐射抗性,该逆转作用不依赖细胞的p53功能状态。
