The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has ne...The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.展开更多
研究证实,在基因的表观遗传调控中DNA甲基化起着至关重要的作用。而DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)催化DNA甲基化,这是DNA甲基化模式形成和保持的必要条件。在哺乳动物细胞中,有三种关键的DNMT负责着不同的任务。首先是DNMT1,负责维持DNA的甲基化...研究证实,在基因的表观遗传调控中DNA甲基化起着至关重要的作用。而DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)催化DNA甲基化,这是DNA甲基化模式形成和保持的必要条件。在哺乳动物细胞中,有三种关键的DNMT负责着不同的任务。首先是DNMT1,负责维持DNA的甲基化状态,保持细胞功能正常运转。而另外两种则是DNMT3a和DNMT3b,它们则负责推动DNA从头开始的甲基化过程。目前,急性髓系白血病(AML)的病因仍无法完全阐明。通过研究发现,异常的表观遗传学变化与AML的发病密切相关。深入探讨DNA甲基化与AML之间的联系,将为治疗这种疾病和开发新药物提供关键的分子靶点。这一领域的突破将为医学界带来新的希望,为患者提供更有效的治疗方案。Research has confirmed that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of genes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) catalyzes DNA methylation, which is a necessary condition for the formation and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns. In mammalian cells, there are three key DNMTs responsible for different tasks. Firstly, DNMT1 is responsible for maintaining the methylation status of DNA and ensuring the normal functioning of cells. The other two are DNMT3a and DNMT3b, which are responsible for driving the DNA methylation process from scratch. At present, the etiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cannot be fully elucidated. Through research, it has been found that abnormal epigenetic changes are closely related to the onset of AML. Exploring the relationship between DNA methylation and AML in depth will provide key molecular targets for the treatment of this disease and the development of new drugs. Breakthroughs in this field will bring new hope to the medical community and provide more effective treatment options for patients.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41876171,41506167,41476144)。
文摘The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.
文摘研究证实,在基因的表观遗传调控中DNA甲基化起着至关重要的作用。而DNA甲基转移酶(DNMT)催化DNA甲基化,这是DNA甲基化模式形成和保持的必要条件。在哺乳动物细胞中,有三种关键的DNMT负责着不同的任务。首先是DNMT1,负责维持DNA的甲基化状态,保持细胞功能正常运转。而另外两种则是DNMT3a和DNMT3b,它们则负责推动DNA从头开始的甲基化过程。目前,急性髓系白血病(AML)的病因仍无法完全阐明。通过研究发现,异常的表观遗传学变化与AML的发病密切相关。深入探讨DNA甲基化与AML之间的联系,将为治疗这种疾病和开发新药物提供关键的分子靶点。这一领域的突破将为医学界带来新的希望,为患者提供更有效的治疗方案。Research has confirmed that DNA methylation plays a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of genes. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) catalyzes DNA methylation, which is a necessary condition for the formation and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns. In mammalian cells, there are three key DNMTs responsible for different tasks. Firstly, DNMT1 is responsible for maintaining the methylation status of DNA and ensuring the normal functioning of cells. The other two are DNMT3a and DNMT3b, which are responsible for driving the DNA methylation process from scratch. At present, the etiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cannot be fully elucidated. Through research, it has been found that abnormal epigenetic changes are closely related to the onset of AML. Exploring the relationship between DNA methylation and AML in depth will provide key molecular targets for the treatment of this disease and the development of new drugs. Breakthroughs in this field will bring new hope to the medical community and provide more effective treatment options for patients.
