DNA-based方法及其在研究动物食物组成中的应用

了解动物的食物组成是研究生态系统的多样性和生态系统功能的基本要求,在动物生态学的研究中至关重要。DNA-based方法包括样本采集、DNA提取、PCR扩增、序列比对分析等一系列步骤,实验的成败取决于标记基因的选择、引物的设计及每个步骤的优化。文章综述了DNA-based方法的各个基本步骤及其优化方法,并对该方法在今后用于国内相关研究的可能性进行展望,关注用于研究国内三峡大坝这个大型水域生态系统的可能性,期望推动国内该领域的研究。

Integrated DNA-based/biochemical screening for early diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A （MEN2A）, a subtype of MEN2, is characterized by medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and primary hyperparathyroidism. A Han Chinese pedigree with MEN2A was investigated following confirmation of the proband＇s diagnosis by pathological findings and DNA/biochemical screening. DNA samples from 4 other family members were collected and exon 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 16 and 18 of the RET proto-oncogene were sequenced and then analyzed. A missense mutation of TGG （Trp） to TGC （Cys） at codon 634 （the classic MEN2A mutation） in exon 11 of the RET gene was detected in 3 family members, including the proband. Sequencing data were compared with the human gene mutation database. Elevated serum calcitonin level was detected initially; medullary thyroid carcinoma was revealed in the 3 cases and adrenal pheochromocytoma was also found in the proband. Elective operations were successfully performed on the adrenal and thyroid glands because of pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Our case study confirms that integrated DNA-based/biochemical screening is crucial for early diagnosis of MEN2A and is helpful in the screening of their relatives. In addition, DNA-based screening may occasionally uncover a previously unknown RET sequence.

An ionic liquid supported CeO_2 nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes composite-enhanced electrochemical DNA-based sensor for the detection of Pb^(2+)

An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead （II） ions （Pb2＋） was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer （TBA） as a molecular recog- nition element and ionic liquid supported cerium oxide （CeO2） nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes compo- site modification. The composite comprises nanoparticles CeO2, multi-waU carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid （RTIL） 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate （EMIMBF4）. The electrochemical sensors were fabricated by immersing the CeOa-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 modified glassy carbon electrode （GCE） into the solution of TBA probe. In the presence of Pb2＋, the TBA probe could form stable G-quartet structure by the specific binding interactions between Pb2＋ and TBA. The TBA-bound Pb2＋ can be electrochemically reduced, which provides a readout signal for quantitative detection of Pb2＋. The reduction peak current is linearly related to the concentration of Pb2＋ from 1.0 ＊ 10-8 M to 1.0 ＊ 105 M with a detection limit of 5 ＊ 109 M. This work demonstrates that the CeOz-MWNTs-EMIMBF4 nanocomposite modified GCE provides a promising platform for immobi- lizing the TBA probe and enhancing the sensitivity of the DNA-based sensors.

Design of Queue for DNA-based Computer

This paper discusses the design of the queue for DNA-based computer on the point view of data structure. The nucleotide encodings for all components of the queue are given out formally. The linear double-stranded DNA molecules are used as the storage structure of the queue, and the basic bio-operations over the queue are described. Furthermore, the comparison between the queue of the electronic computer and that of DNA-based computer are elucidated. To prove the feasibility of our work, nucleotide encodings for an instance of queue are given out. All the biological technology mentioned in this paper can be practically implemented in the laboratory. Based on this work, other data structures could be developed in DNA-based computer.

Research advancement of DNA-based intelligent hydrogels:Manufacture, characteristics, application of disease diagnosis and treatment

DNA-based hydrogels are exceptional materials for biological applications because of their numerous advantages such as biodegradability,biocompatibility,hydrophilicity,super absorbency,porosity,and swelling.Among these advantages,the ability of DNA-based hydrogels to respond to specific physical and chemical triggers and undergo reversible phase transitions has garnered significant attention in the fields of disease diagnosis(biosensors)and treatment(drug delivery).This article focuses on the recent advancements in the research of DNA-based hydrogels and discusses the different types of these hydrogels,the synthetic methods,their unique properties,and their applications in biosensors and drug delivery.The types of DNA hydrogels are categorized based on their building blocks,and the process of synthesis as well as the unique characteristics of DNA-based hydrogels are described.Then,DNA-based responsive hydrogels utilized as intelligent materials for the development of biosensors are reviewed.Furthermore,this article also presents the current status of DNA-based responsive hydrogels in drug delivery for cancer treatment,wound healing,and other therapeutic applications.Ultimately,this paper discusses the current challenges in expanding the practical application of DNA-based hydrogels.

DNA-based nanostructures for RNA delivery

RNA-based therapeutics have emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of various diseases,including cancer,genetic disorders,and infectious diseases.However,the delivery of RNA molecules into target cells has been a major challenge due to their susceptibility to degradation and inefficient cellular uptake.To overcome these hurdles,DNA-based nano technology offers an unprecedented opportunity as a potential delivery platform for RNA therapeutics.Due to its excellent characteristics such as programmability and biocompatibility,these DNA-based nanostructures,composed of DNA molecules assembled into precise and programmable structures,have garnered significant attention as ideal building materials for protecting and delivering RNA payloads to the desired cellular destinations.In this review,we highlight the current progress in the design and application of three DNA-based nanostructures:DNA origami,lipid-nanoparticle(LNP)technology related to frame guided assembly(FGA),and DNA hydrogel for the delivery of RNA molecules.Their biomedical applications are briefly discussed and the challenges and future perspectives in this field are also highlighted.

一种用于实时图像处理的众核结构设计

基于数据流模型和硬件可重构技术,提出了一种面向图像处理应用的可重构的多模式众核处理器结构.处理器采用了可扩展的层次化阵列结构,分布式共享存储和带硬件握手的近邻互连,可以分区并发实现多种并行模式,并克服了传统处理器实现数据流计算的低效性;基于VC++开发了集成仿真平台,用于对结构性能和指令性能的仿真验证,并在现场可编程门阵列上实现了包含64个处理单元的所提结构.仿真结果表明,所提结构实现了超过图形处理单元的性能以及接近专用集成电路的数据吞吐量.

基于分治的子集积问题DNA计算机算法

如何减少DNA计算机在求解大型科学问题中以问题输入纯指数增长的DNA链数,已成为DNA计算机研究的重要内容。本文将分治策略应用于子集积问题的DNA分子计算中,提出一种求解子集积问题的新的DNA计算机算法。该算法由n位数据搜索器和其它五个子算法组成,其DNA链数可达到亚指数的O(2q/2),其中q为子集积问题的维数。与最近文献结论进行的对比分析表明:新算法将求解子集积问题所需的DNA链数从O(2q)减少至O(2q/2),最大链长度减少为原来的1/2。因此,利用新算法在试管级水平上能将可破解的子集积公钥的维数从60提高到120。

用Transputer多机系统研究重载 列车动力学的探讨

计算机的计算速度是当前重载列车动力学研究中面临的一个十分突出的问题。本文以列车纵向动力学分析为对象,讨论其在Transputer网络中快速、实时地计算所需解决的处理机任务分配、拓扑结构设计和并行处理程序设计等问题,并对不同处理机个数的Transputer网络、不同车辆数目的列车纵向动力学计算进行实验研究。研究结果表明,Transputer多机系统在进行列车动力学计算时运行速度很快、实时处理能力强,并且系统并行处理效率高、可扩充性强,可作为今后重载列车动力学研究的一种计算工具。此外,实验研究也指出了开发和应用Transputer多机系统所需要进一步开展的工作。

可重构的通用硬线逻辑电路算法验证平台的设计

介绍一种通用硬线逻辑算法验证平台的设计思路。在人机交互界面干预下,可通过高性能的PCI局部总线接口,从文件系统向算法验证平台系统分别传送构成待验证算法硬线逻辑的码流以及该算法运算所需的输入数据,并将该算法的运算结果向文件系统输出。利用这个平台,已验证基于小波变换和零树编码的先进的图像压缩/解压缩算法的硬线逻辑。本系统的框架也可用于验证其它用同类且规模类似的FPGA(CPLD)实现的硬线逻辑算法。因此。

Epithelial toll-like receptor 9 signaling in colorectal inflammation and cancer: Clinico-pathogenic aspects

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize specific motifs which are frequently present in bacteria, fungi, prokaryotes and viruses. Amongst TLRs, TLR9 can be activated by such bacterial or viral DNA fragments, immunoglobulin-DNA complexes or synthetic oligonucleotides, which all contain unmethylated cytosineguanine nucleotide sequences (CpGs). Emerging data indicate that TLR9 signaling has a role in, and may influence, colorectal carcinogenesis and colonic inflammation. CpGs are classified into three groups according to their influence on both the antigen-specific humoraland cellular immunity, and the production of type 1 interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. TLR9 activation via CpGs may serve as a new therapeutic target for several cancerous and various inflammatory conditions. Due to its probable anti-cancer effects, the application possibilities of TLR9-signaling modulation may be extremely diverse even in colorectal tumors. In this review we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about TLR-signaling in the pathogenesis and therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer. Due to the species-specific differences in TLR9 expression, however, one must be careful in translating the animal model data into the human system, because of the differences between CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-responsive cells. TLR9 agonist DNA-based immunomodulatory sequences could also represent a promising therapeutic alternative in systemic inflammatory conditions and chronic colonic inflammations as their side effects are not significant.

DNA-based immunization against hepatitis B surface antigen carrying preS epitopes

Three plasmid expression vectors containing modified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrying pres epitopes were constructed. Transient expression after in vitro transfection in COS-M6 cells showed that under the transcriptional control of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter, fusion genes expressed the modified HBV envelope proteins which were efficiently secreted into culture medium and presented HBsAg, preS1 and preS2 antigenicity. DNA-based immunization with these plasmids carrying pres sequences induced anti-HBs antibody in BALB/c mice. The titers of anti-HBs antibody were higher than those appeared in mice immunized with plasmid carrying S gene only. DNA injection with plasmids containing preS1 sequences elicited also high titers of anti-preS1 antibody. Moreover, the antipreS1 antibodies were found to appear earlier than anti-HBs antibodies.

Emotion Analysis on Social Big Data

In this paper,we describe a method of emotion analysis on social big data.Social big data means text data that is emerging on Internet social networking services.We collect multilingual web corpora and annotated emotion tags to these corpora for the purpose of emotion analysis.Because these data are constructed by manual annotation,their quality is high but their quantity is low.If we create an emotion analysis model based on this corpus with high quality and use the model for the analysis of social big data,we might be able to statistically analyze emotional sensesand behavior of the people in Internet communications,which we could not know before.In this paper,we create an emotion analysis model that integrate the highquality emotion corpus and the automaticconstructed corpus that we created in our past studies,and then analyze a large-scale corpus consisting of Twitter tweets based on the model.As the result of time-series analysis on the large-scale corpus and the result of model evaluation,we show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

大型企业在云网融合下的业务连续性保护研究与实现

在随着信息技术的发展,企业的生产经营越来越依赖于IT系统,需要IT系统在地质勘探、矿山开采、选矿冶炼、产品精炼、加工销售、科研开发以及营销等生产经营环节中起到持续性支撑的作用。本文基于中国黄金集团有限公司业务系统对连续性保护的需要,设计并建成了基于云计算的业务连续性支撑系统。该系统架构于云计算架构基础上,通过采用数据备份、数据恢复、数据复制和服务切换技术,保证了灾难情况下的数据完整可用和应用的连续运行。本文通过对建设方案、建设方法、合作模式和取得成果介绍,阐述了业务连续保护新技术新方法,对集团型企业信息化建设具有借鉴意义。

基于边缘计算的MES系统微服务架构研究及应用

传统MES系统实施模式通常是根据不同企业的需求进行定制开发,系统与企业的个性化特点黏度大,存在向其他企业快速复制推广成本高、实施周期长、应用效果差异大等问题,本文提出一种使用边缘计算技术架构、微服务技术实现MES系统的优化方案,并介绍该架构在企业中的落地应用,降低企业MES系统建设难度和成本,促进MES系统在中小企业的落地应用。

Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids promote the proliferation and differentiation potential of diabetic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell

Diabetes mellitus considerably affects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs),for example,by inhibiting their proliferation and differentiation potential,which enhances the difficulty in endogenous bone regeneration.Hence,effective strategies for enhancing the functions of BMSCs in diabetes have farreaching consequences for bone healing and regeneration in diabetes patients.Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids(tFNAs)are nucleic acid nanomaterials that can autonomously enter cells and regulate their behaviors.In this study,we evaluated the effects of tFNAs on BMSCs from diabetic rats.We found that tFNAs could promote the proliferation,migration,and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs from rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus,and inhibited cell senescence and apoptosis.Furthermore,tFNAs effectively scavenged the accumulated reactive oxygen species and activated the suppressed protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathway.Overall,we show that tFNAs can recover the proliferation and osteogenic potential of diabetic BMSCs by alleviating oxidative stress and activating Akt signaling.The study provides a strategy for endogenous bone regeneration in diabetes and also paves the way for exploiting DNA-based nanomaterials in regenerative medicine.

基于可信平台的保护计算

随着计算机及网络技术的日趋成熟,全面解决计算机安全问题的要求就显得十分迫切。本文首先分析了已有的可信计算在解决计算机安全问题方面提供的一些手段,并指出其中存在的不足。之后提出保护计算的概念,具体阐述其机制和原理,最后论述保护计算作为一种对于可信计算的补充和完善对于解决现有计算机安全问题的所能提供的更优越的方案。

基于自组织劳动分工的边云协同任务调度与资源缓存算法

针对边缘计算环境中,边缘设备的计算和存储资源有限的问题,探讨高效的边云协同任务调度和资源缓存策略,研究自组织劳动分工群智能算法模型机理,并以此为基础,提出基于蜂群劳动分工“激发-抑制”模型的边云协同任务调度算法(edge cloud collaborative task scheduling algorithm based on bee colony labor division‘activator-inhibitor’model,ECCTS-BCLDAI)和基于蚁群劳动分工“刺激-响应”模型的边云协同资源缓存算法(edge cloud collaborative resource caching algorithm based on ant colony labor division‘stimulus-response’model,ECCRC-ACLDSR).仿真实验结果表明:所提出的ECCTS-BCLDAI任务调度算法在降低平均任务执行时长、减少边云协同费用上相较于传统算法有更好的表现;所提出的ECCRC-ACLDSR资源缓存算法在降低任务平均时长、优化网络带宽占用率、减少边云协同费用上相较于传统算法更具有优越性.

Beyond microbial diversity for predicting soil functions: A mini review

Since the advent of sequencing technologies,the determination of microbial diversity to predict microbial functions,which are the major determinants of soil functions,has become a major topic of interest,as evidenced by the 900 publications dealing with soil metagenome published up to 2017.However,the detection of a gene in soil does not mean that the relative function is expressed,and the presence of a particular taxon does not mean that the relative functions determined in pure culture also occur in the studied soil.Another critical step is to link microbial community composition or function to the product analyzed to determine flux rates.Indeed,flux rates might not only be highly dynamic,but several metabolites can depend on different reactions,which makes the link to one process of interest difficult or even impossible.This review also discusses biases caused by sampling,storage of samples,DNA extraction and purification,sequencing(amplicon-vs.metagenome sequencing),and bioinformatic data analysis.Insights and the limits of predicting microbial interactions by network inference methods are critically discussed,and finally,future directions for a better understanding of soil functions by using measurements of microbial diversity are presented.

Potential control of DNA self-assembly on gold electrode

The self-assembly monolayer (SAM) was prepared with 2-aminoethanethiol (AET) on the gold electrode. A new approach based on potential was first used to control DNA self-assembly covalently onto the SAM with the activation of l-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS). The influence of potential on DNA self-assembly was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), AC impedance, Auger electron spectrometry (AES) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The result proves that controlled potential can affect the course of DNA self-assembly. More negative potential can restrain the DNA self-assembly, while more positive potential can accelerate the DNA self-assembly, which is of great significance for the control of DNA self-assembly and will find wide application in the field of DNA-based devices.