【目的】土壤微生物量碳氮和水溶性有机碳氮是土壤中最活跃的碳氮组分,是衡量土壤碳氮周转与养分有效性的重要指标。探讨秸秆配施氮肥、氮肥用量及基追比例对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮、水溶性有机碳氮、易氧化有机碳和速效氮的影响,明确秸...【目的】土壤微生物量碳氮和水溶性有机碳氮是土壤中最活跃的碳氮组分,是衡量土壤碳氮周转与养分有效性的重要指标。探讨秸秆配施氮肥、氮肥用量及基追比例对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮、水溶性有机碳氮、易氧化有机碳和速效氮的影响,明确秸秆还田条件下水稻生长季不同氮肥用量与基追比的土壤活性碳氮变化特征,为稻麦轮作区秸秆还田的氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】2012—2015年在湖北省荆门市田间试验中设置施氮量、秸秆配施氮肥和施氮时期3个大田试验。施氮量:不施氮(N0),推荐施氮(165 kg·hm^-2,N165),习惯施氮(195 kg·hm^-2,N195);秸秆配施氮肥:秸秆移除(CK),秸秆还田(移栽前将上季小麦秸秆全部还田,S),秸秆还田+习惯施氮量(SN),秸秆还田+推荐施氮量(SF),秸秆还田+推荐施氮量+腐解菌剂(SM);施氮时期:基施﹕拔节期﹕抽穗期氮肥施用比例为7﹕3﹕0(R1),5﹕3﹕2(R2),10﹕0﹕0(R3)。【结果】秸秆还田+习惯施氮量(SN)显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)含量,但是其成熟期水溶性有机碳含量(DOC)显著降低。秸秆还田+推荐施氮量(SF)显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤水溶性有机氮含量(DON)。腐解菌剂的施用显著降低了水稻成熟期DON含量,拔节期易氧化有机碳含量(ROC)也显著降低。秸秆还田下增加氮肥用量显著提高了水稻抽穗期和灌浆期土壤速效氮含量(AN);推荐施氮处理(165 kg N·hm^-2)的DON和AN含量显著升高;农民习惯施氮处理(195 kg N·hm^-2)降低了DON和AN含量;增加追施氮肥比例对土壤SMBC和DOC含量无明显影响,但提高了水稻拔节期SMBN和ROC含量。【结论】施氮量及其基追比是影响秸秆还田下稻田土壤活性碳氮含量的主要因素,合理配施氮肥能提高土壤微生物量碳、速效氮及水溶性有机氮等活性碳氮组分含量,增加追肥比例也能提高水稻生育期内土壤活性碳氮含量。展开更多
Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtrop...Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtropical forests only were little known. The goal of this study is to measure the concentrations and monthly dynamics of DOC and DON in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow for two planta- tions of Schima superba (SS) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Jianou, Fujian, China. Samples of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow were collected on a rain event base from January 2002 to December 2002. Upon collection, all water samples were analyzed for DOC, NO3 -N, NH4 -N and total dissolved N (TDN). DON was calculated by subtracting NO3 -N and NH4 -N from TDN. The results - + - + showed that the precipitation had a mean DOC concentration of 1.7 mg·L-1 and DON concentration of 0.13 mg·L-1. The mean DOC and DON concentrations in throughfall were 11.2 and 0.24 mg·L-1 in the SS and 10.3 and 0.19 mg·L-1 in the CF respectively. Stemflow DOC and DON concentrations in the CF (19.1 and 0.66 mg·L-1 respectively) were significantly higher than those in the SS (17.6 and 0.48 mg·L-1 respectively). No clear monthly variation in precipitation DOC concentration was found in our study, while DON concentration in precipita- tion tended to be higher in summer or autumn. The monthly variations of DON concentrations were very similar in throughfall and stemflow at both forests, showing an increase at the beginning of the rainy season in March. In contrast, monthly changes of the DOC concentrations in throughfall of the SS and CF were different to those in stemflow. Throughfall DOC concentrations were higher from February to April, while relatively higher DOC concentrations in stemflow were found during September-November period.展开更多
文摘【目的】土壤微生物量碳氮和水溶性有机碳氮是土壤中最活跃的碳氮组分,是衡量土壤碳氮周转与养分有效性的重要指标。探讨秸秆配施氮肥、氮肥用量及基追比例对稻田土壤微生物量碳氮、水溶性有机碳氮、易氧化有机碳和速效氮的影响,明确秸秆还田条件下水稻生长季不同氮肥用量与基追比的土壤活性碳氮变化特征,为稻麦轮作区秸秆还田的氮肥管理提供理论依据。【方法】2012—2015年在湖北省荆门市田间试验中设置施氮量、秸秆配施氮肥和施氮时期3个大田试验。施氮量:不施氮(N0),推荐施氮(165 kg·hm^-2,N165),习惯施氮(195 kg·hm^-2,N195);秸秆配施氮肥:秸秆移除(CK),秸秆还田(移栽前将上季小麦秸秆全部还田,S),秸秆还田+习惯施氮量(SN),秸秆还田+推荐施氮量(SF),秸秆还田+推荐施氮量+腐解菌剂(SM);施氮时期:基施﹕拔节期﹕抽穗期氮肥施用比例为7﹕3﹕0(R1),5﹕3﹕2(R2),10﹕0﹕0(R3)。【结果】秸秆还田+习惯施氮量(SN)显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)含量,但是其成熟期水溶性有机碳含量(DOC)显著降低。秸秆还田+推荐施氮量(SF)显著提高了水稻拔节期土壤水溶性有机氮含量(DON)。腐解菌剂的施用显著降低了水稻成熟期DON含量,拔节期易氧化有机碳含量(ROC)也显著降低。秸秆还田下增加氮肥用量显著提高了水稻抽穗期和灌浆期土壤速效氮含量(AN);推荐施氮处理(165 kg N·hm^-2)的DON和AN含量显著升高;农民习惯施氮处理(195 kg N·hm^-2)降低了DON和AN含量;增加追施氮肥比例对土壤SMBC和DOC含量无明显影响,但提高了水稻拔节期SMBN和ROC含量。【结论】施氮量及其基追比是影响秸秆还田下稻田土壤活性碳氮含量的主要因素,合理配施氮肥能提高土壤微生物量碳、速效氮及水溶性有机氮等活性碳氮组分含量,增加追肥比例也能提高水稻生育期内土壤活性碳氮含量。
文摘Despite growing attention to the role of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in forest nutrient cycling, their monthly concentration dynamics in forest ecosystems, especially in subtropical forests only were little known. The goal of this study is to measure the concentrations and monthly dynamics of DOC and DON in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow for two planta- tions of Schima superba (SS) and Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata, CF) in Jianou, Fujian, China. Samples of precipitation, throughfall and stemflow were collected on a rain event base from January 2002 to December 2002. Upon collection, all water samples were analyzed for DOC, NO3 -N, NH4 -N and total dissolved N (TDN). DON was calculated by subtracting NO3 -N and NH4 -N from TDN. The results - + - + showed that the precipitation had a mean DOC concentration of 1.7 mg·L-1 and DON concentration of 0.13 mg·L-1. The mean DOC and DON concentrations in throughfall were 11.2 and 0.24 mg·L-1 in the SS and 10.3 and 0.19 mg·L-1 in the CF respectively. Stemflow DOC and DON concentrations in the CF (19.1 and 0.66 mg·L-1 respectively) were significantly higher than those in the SS (17.6 and 0.48 mg·L-1 respectively). No clear monthly variation in precipitation DOC concentration was found in our study, while DON concentration in precipita- tion tended to be higher in summer or autumn. The monthly variations of DON concentrations were very similar in throughfall and stemflow at both forests, showing an increase at the beginning of the rainy season in March. In contrast, monthly changes of the DOC concentrations in throughfall of the SS and CF were different to those in stemflow. Throughfall DOC concentrations were higher from February to April, while relatively higher DOC concentrations in stemflow were found during September-November period.
