The developing market of information technologies i s the most dynamical and thriving business in the modern world. The law of supply and demand establishes repeating, steady cause and effect relation between three ec...The developing market of information technologies i s the most dynamical and thriving business in the modern world. The law of supply and demand establishes repeating, steady cause and effect relation between three economic phenomena-price, supply and demand. Demand is an ideal need and a real opportunity of the customer to buy the goods. Supply is an ideal readiness and a real opportunity of the commodity producer to put the goods on the market . A plethora of factors affect the supply and demand. There is inverse dependenc e between the market price of the goods and the quantity which is in the demand. There is direct dependence between the market price of the goods and the qu antity which is offered to the buyer. The following features distinguish the sof tware from the usual goods in the consumer market: high science intensity, simpl icity of replicating, relative simplicity of modification and updating, high req uirements to quality of the software, at sale the buyer gets it, but it does no t disappear in sale, there is no physical deterioration, but there is a fast ob solescence. To protect the programs against the non-authorized access (the copy ings and operation) technical and legal methods are used: the patent protection, status of industrial secret, license agreements.展开更多
In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries fa...In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries faces a significant challenge owing to the need to increase average electric power during charging. This challenge results from the direct influence of the power level on the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the battery electrodes. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method was used to enhance the average electric power during the charging process of lithium-ion batteries. The Taguchi technique is a statistical strategy that facilitates the systematic and efficient evaluation of numerous experimental variables. The proposed method involved varying seven input factors, including positive electrode thickness, positive electrode material, positive electrode active material volume fraction, negative electrode active material volume fraction, separator thickness, positive current collector thickness, and negative current collector thickness. Three levels were assigned to each control factor to identify the optimal conditions and maximize the average electric power during charging. Moreover, a variance assessment analysis was conducted to validate the results obtained from the Taguchi analysis. The results revealed that the Taguchi method was an eff ective approach for optimizing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries. This indicates that the positive electrode material, followed by the separator thickness and the negative electrode active material volume fraction, was key factors significantly infl uencing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries response. The identification of optimal conditions resulted in the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries, extending their potential in various applications. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries with average electric power of 16 W and 17 W during charging were designed and simulated in the range of 0-12000 s using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This study efficiently employs the Taguchi optimization technique to develop lithium-ion batteries capable of storing a predetermined average electric power during the charging phase. Therefore, this method enables the battery to achieve complete charging within a specific timeframe tailored to a specificapplication. The implementation of this method can save costs, time, and materials compared with other alternative methods, such as the trial-and-error approach.展开更多
文摘The developing market of information technologies i s the most dynamical and thriving business in the modern world. The law of supply and demand establishes repeating, steady cause and effect relation between three economic phenomena-price, supply and demand. Demand is an ideal need and a real opportunity of the customer to buy the goods. Supply is an ideal readiness and a real opportunity of the commodity producer to put the goods on the market . A plethora of factors affect the supply and demand. There is inverse dependenc e between the market price of the goods and the quantity which is in the demand. There is direct dependence between the market price of the goods and the qu antity which is offered to the buyer. The following features distinguish the sof tware from the usual goods in the consumer market: high science intensity, simpl icity of replicating, relative simplicity of modification and updating, high req uirements to quality of the software, at sale the buyer gets it, but it does no t disappear in sale, there is no physical deterioration, but there is a fast ob solescence. To protect the programs against the non-authorized access (the copy ings and operation) technical and legal methods are used: the patent protection, status of industrial secret, license agreements.
文摘In recent times, lithium-ion batteries have been widely used owing to their high energy density, extended cycle lifespan, and minimal self-discharge rate. The design of high-speed rechargeable lithium-ion batteries faces a significant challenge owing to the need to increase average electric power during charging. This challenge results from the direct influence of the power level on the rate of chemical reactions occurring in the battery electrodes. In this study, the Taguchi optimization method was used to enhance the average electric power during the charging process of lithium-ion batteries. The Taguchi technique is a statistical strategy that facilitates the systematic and efficient evaluation of numerous experimental variables. The proposed method involved varying seven input factors, including positive electrode thickness, positive electrode material, positive electrode active material volume fraction, negative electrode active material volume fraction, separator thickness, positive current collector thickness, and negative current collector thickness. Three levels were assigned to each control factor to identify the optimal conditions and maximize the average electric power during charging. Moreover, a variance assessment analysis was conducted to validate the results obtained from the Taguchi analysis. The results revealed that the Taguchi method was an eff ective approach for optimizing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries. This indicates that the positive electrode material, followed by the separator thickness and the negative electrode active material volume fraction, was key factors significantly infl uencing the average electric power during the charging of lithium-ion batteries response. The identification of optimal conditions resulted in the improved performance of lithium-ion batteries, extending their potential in various applications. Particularly, lithium-ion batteries with average electric power of 16 W and 17 W during charging were designed and simulated in the range of 0-12000 s using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This study efficiently employs the Taguchi optimization technique to develop lithium-ion batteries capable of storing a predetermined average electric power during the charging phase. Therefore, this method enables the battery to achieve complete charging within a specific timeframe tailored to a specificapplication. The implementation of this method can save costs, time, and materials compared with other alternative methods, such as the trial-and-error approach.
