Identification of attacks by a network intrusion detection system （NIDS） is an important task. In signature or rule based detection, the previously encountered attacks are modded, and signatures/rules are extracted....Identification of attacks by a network intrusion detection system （NIDS） is an important task. In signature or rule based detection, the previously encountered attacks are modded, and signatures/rules are extracted. These rules are used to detect such attacks in future, but in anomaly or outlier detection system, the normal network traffic is modeled. Any deviation from the normal model is deemed to be an outlier/attack. Data mining and machine learning techniques are widely used in offline NIDS. Unsupervised and supervised learning techniques differ the way NIDS dataset is treated. The characteristic features of unsupervised and supervised learning are finding patterns in data, detecting outliers, and determining a learned function for input features, generalizing the data instances respectively. The intuition is that if these two techniques are combined, better performance may be obtained. Hence, in this paper the advantages of unsupervised and supervised techniques are inherited in the proposed hierarchical model and devised into three stages to detect attacks in NIDS dataset. NIDS dataset is clustered using Dirichiet process （DP） clustering based on the underlying data distribution. Iteratively on each cluster, local denser areas are identified using local outlier factor （LOF） which in turn is discretized into four bins of separation based on LOF score. Further, in each bin the normal data instances are modeled using one class classifier （OCC）. A combination of Density Estimation method, Reconstruction method, and Boundary methods are used for OCC model. A product rule combination of the three methods takes into consideration the strengths of each method in building a stronger OCC model. Any deviation from this model is considered as an attack. Experiments are conducted on KDD CUP＇99 and SSENet-2011 datasets. The results show that the proposed model is able to identify attacks with higher detection rate and low false alarms.展开更多
文摘Identification of attacks by a network intrusion detection system （NIDS） is an important task. In signature or rule based detection, the previously encountered attacks are modded, and signatures/rules are extracted. These rules are used to detect such attacks in future, but in anomaly or outlier detection system, the normal network traffic is modeled. Any deviation from the normal model is deemed to be an outlier/attack. Data mining and machine learning techniques are widely used in offline NIDS. Unsupervised and supervised learning techniques differ the way NIDS dataset is treated. The characteristic features of unsupervised and supervised learning are finding patterns in data, detecting outliers, and determining a learned function for input features, generalizing the data instances respectively. The intuition is that if these two techniques are combined, better performance may be obtained. Hence, in this paper the advantages of unsupervised and supervised techniques are inherited in the proposed hierarchical model and devised into three stages to detect attacks in NIDS dataset. NIDS dataset is clustered using Dirichiet process （DP） clustering based on the underlying data distribution. Iteratively on each cluster, local denser areas are identified using local outlier factor （LOF） which in turn is discretized into four bins of separation based on LOF score. Further, in each bin the normal data instances are modeled using one class classifier （OCC）. A combination of Density Estimation method, Reconstruction method, and Boundary methods are used for OCC model. A product rule combination of the three methods takes into consideration the strengths of each method in building a stronger OCC model. Any deviation from this model is considered as an attack. Experiments are conducted on KDD CUP＇99 and SSENet-2011 datasets. The results show that the proposed model is able to identify attacks with higher detection rate and low false alarms.
