In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of t...In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.展开更多
[目的/意义]学术活跃度是学术产出、研究规模和研究广度的重要体现,也属于学术影响力的重要范畴,目前针对学术活跃度、特别是跨学科学术活跃度的测度方法研究较少。[方法/过程]从测度学术活跃度的角度提出一种动态权重百分位数指标(DPRA...[目的/意义]学术活跃度是学术产出、研究规模和研究广度的重要体现,也属于学术影响力的重要范畴,目前针对学术活跃度、特别是跨学科学术活跃度的测度方法研究较少。[方法/过程]从测度学术活跃度的角度提出一种动态权重百分位数指标(DPRA)。以Web of Science为数据源,选择5个学科的科研人员作为评价对象,对科研人员的论文数量、被引次数、篇均被引次数、h指数、AI指数、AAI指数和DPRA等指标做了相关性分析,并在此基础上对DPRA指标在学术活跃度评价中的效果和机制进行了实证研究。[结果/结论]结果表明,DPRA与论文数量、被引次数、h指数、AI指数、AAI指数高度相关,可以从学术产出和研究规模的角度测度学术活跃度,消除学科不同带来的论文数量和引文差异实现跨学科评价,同时充分综合学术质量和学术活跃度两方面的信息,揭示学术影响力更多的细节。展开更多
文摘In vitro skin sensitization testing methods based on the adverse outcome pathway(AOP)were used to evaluate the skin sensitization potencies of 5 commonly used preservatives.According to the“2 out of 3”principle of the integrated approaches to testing and assessment(IATA)the direct peptide reactivity assay(DPRA)and the human cell line activation test(h-CLAT)were used to detect the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics,including phenoxyethanol.methyl paraben,propyl paraben,imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin.The DPRA and the h-CLA were carried out according to the OEC442C and 442E guidelines,respectively.The results show that.phenoxyethanol and methyl paraben are both negative in DPRA and h-CLAT while imidazolidinyl urea and DMDM hydantoin are both positive in these two tests.Propyl paraben has negative result in DPRA but positive result in h-CLAT.Therefore,imidazolidiny urea and DMDM hydantoin are sensitizers,while phenoxyethanol and methylparaben are non-sensitizers.Taken animal and human data into consideration,it is predicted that propyl paraben should be a non-sensitizer.The combination of DPRA and h-CLAT can make up for the limitations of using a single method,and it is suitable for the preliminary screening of cosmetic raw materials according to skin sensitization.
文摘[目的/意义]学术活跃度是学术产出、研究规模和研究广度的重要体现,也属于学术影响力的重要范畴,目前针对学术活跃度、特别是跨学科学术活跃度的测度方法研究较少。[方法/过程]从测度学术活跃度的角度提出一种动态权重百分位数指标(DPRA)。以Web of Science为数据源,选择5个学科的科研人员作为评价对象,对科研人员的论文数量、被引次数、篇均被引次数、h指数、AI指数、AAI指数和DPRA等指标做了相关性分析,并在此基础上对DPRA指标在学术活跃度评价中的效果和机制进行了实证研究。[结果/结论]结果表明,DPRA与论文数量、被引次数、h指数、AI指数、AAI指数高度相关,可以从学术产出和研究规模的角度测度学术活跃度,消除学科不同带来的论文数量和引文差异实现跨学科评价,同时充分综合学术质量和学术活跃度两方面的信息,揭示学术影响力更多的细节。
