涟钢HMPT-BOF-RH-CSP单联法生产DQ级钢工艺实践

介绍了涟钢HMPT-BOF-RH-CSP工艺路线生产DQ级钢的实践情况。通过对现场数据的采集和分析,着重对钢中碳质量分数、氧质量分数、硫质量分数、w(Als)等参数以及温度、钢水可浇性的控制情况进行了分析讨论,并就该工艺过程中所存在的增碳、温降过大、回硫、钢中夹杂含量过高等问题提出了改进性建议,指出加强对铁水脱硫扒渣工艺的管理、提高转炉控制水平、优化RH精炼工艺、采用无碳钢包及低碳覆盖剂等是进一步提高该工艺控制水平的重要途径。

桉木硫酸盐浆DQP和(DQ)P漂白的研究

对卡伯值为17.1的桉木速生材硫酸盐浆进行DQP和(DQ)P漂白。结果表明,在有效氯用量为4.0%、H2O2用量为2.5%时,DQP漂白浆白度达到85.4%,(DQ)P漂白浆白度达到85.3%;且(DQ)段的pH值在2～4之间变化对纸浆的白度影响不大。两种漂白浆的强度都很好,在相同打浆度下DQP漂白浆有更高的裂断长和耐破指数;而(DQ)P漂白浆则具有更高的撕裂指数,并且所需要的打浆能耗也较少。

非霍奇金淋巴瘤EB病毒感染和HLA-DQ抗原与p53蛋白表达关系研究

目的 :探讨非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (non Hodgkin’slymphoma ,NHL)EB病毒感染与HLA DQ抗原表达和p5 3蛋白表达阳性率及其相关性。方法 :应用免疫组化SP法检测 160例不同病理类型的NHL石蜡包埋组织的LMP 1阳性率和HLA DQ抗原表达与p5 3蛋白表达率。 结果 :B细胞NHL (B NHL)、T细胞NHL(T NHL)的EB病毒检出率分别为 2 8 9% ( 3 9/13 5 )和 16 0 % ( 4 /2 5 )。HLA DQ抗原表达的阳性率 ,B NHL和T NHL分别为 2 5 2 % ( 4 /13 5 )和 2 8 0 %( 7/2 5 )。EB病毒感染程度与HLA DQ抗原表达阳性程度呈正相关。p5 3蛋白表达阳性率 ,B NHL和T NHL分别为 48 9% ( 66/13 5 )和 3 2 0 % ( 8/2 5 )。结论 :EB病毒潜伏感染在NHL发病中起一定作用。EB病毒、HLA DQ之间可能存在内在联系并相互影响 ,HLA DQ抗原的表达可能会增强EB病毒进入机体的易感性。而NHL中p5

TWIP钢表面Ni-P化学镀层组织结构及性能研究

目的在孪生诱发塑性钢(TWIP)表面制备Ni-P镀层,提高TWIP钢的耐腐蚀性能。方法通过化学镀工艺在TWIP钢表面制备了高磷Ni-P镀层,并进行不同温度的热处理,利用扫描电镜及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及原子力显微镜等探究了热处理温度和时间对Ni-P镀层形貌和组织结构的影响。通过电化学方法研究了TWIP钢表面镀层的耐蚀性能。结果随着热处理温度的升高,镍磷原子发生迁移,胞状组织边界模糊,粗糙度降低,其中600℃热处理镀层表面最为致密平整。随着热处理温度的升高,镀层组织结构演变过程如下:非晶态(普通镀层)→非晶态部分晶化,Ni12P5、Ni5P2等亚稳态镍磷化合物析出(300℃)→非晶态完全晶化、稳态Ni3P相长大(400℃)→晶粒长大(500℃、600℃)。Ni-P镀层能够明显提升TWIP钢的耐腐蚀性能。随着热处理温度的升高,镀层的耐蚀性能先降低后升高。600℃热处理1h镀层的腐蚀电流密度为0.25μA/cm^(2),与普通Ni-P镀层相比降低了80.9%,与TWIP钢基体相比降低了99.6%。600℃热处理镀层光滑致密无缺陷的表面促进了保护性氧化膜的产生,使镀层的耐蚀性能提高。结论合适的热处理工艺提高了Ni-P镀层的致密性和保护能力,光滑致密无缺陷的镀层能够为TWIP钢提供良好的防护。

Study on Interaction between Lanthanum and Phosphor in Purity Steel

Using SEM and EDS some particles containing La and P were discovered in low oxygen and sulfur purity steel with lanthanum. In these particles low melting point elements such as As and Sb also were detected. According to the result of simulative calculation of segregation, it is shown that La and P enrich so strongly in the process of solidification that their concentrations can satisfy thermodynamic condition to forme LaP compound or meet the requirements to forme eutectic phase in the last stage of solidification. Therefore, the particles are concluded as LaP compound or eutectics, which exist on grain boundary mainly.

Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Plating Ni-P Coating on P110 Steel

In order to improve the surface performance and increase the lifetime of P 110 oil casing tube steel during operation, electroless plating was conducted to form Ni-P coating onto its surface. The surface morphology/element distribution and phase constitution of the Ni-P coating were analyzed using scanning electron microscope （SEM） equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Tribological and electrochemical measurement tests were applied to investigate the wear and corrosion resistance of P110 steel and the Ni-P coating. The results showed that a uniform and compact, high phosphorous Ni-P coating was formed. The obtained Ni-P coating indicated certain friction-reduction effect and lower mass loss during friction-wear tests. The Ni-P coating also exhibited higher corrosion resistance in comparison with bared P 110 steel. The obtained N i-P coating has significantly improved the surface performance of P110 steel.

Design of Quenching Process for Large-sized AISI P20 Steel Block Used as Plastic Die

For large-sized AISI P20 steel block used as plastic die with a thickness of more than 200 mm, appropriate quenching processes are the key to obtain much thick hardened layer. In this paper, different quenching processes of AISI P20 steel block such as oil quenching, direct water quenching, water quenching with precooling and water quenching with pre-cooling and self-tempering were numerically investigated by computer simulation based on the detailed discussion on the mathematical models of quenching processes including partial differential equations of heat transfer, thermal physical properties, latent heat, heat transfer coefficient and calculation of phase transformation, The results show that the water quenching with pre-cooling and self-tempering process can not only effectively avoid quenching cracks, but also obtain deeper harden depth than oil quenching.

Effect of long-term service on the precipitates in P92 steel

The precipitates in P92 steel after long-term service in an ultra-supercritical unit were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and were found to mainly consist of M23 C6 carbides,Laves phase,and MX carbonitrides.No Z-phase was observed.M23 C6 carbides and Laves phase were found not only on prior austenite grain boundaries,martensite lath boundaries,and subgrain boundaries but also in lath interiors,where two types of MX carbonitrides—Nb-rich and V-rich particles—were also observed but the "winged" complexes were hardly found.Each kind of precipitate within the martensite laths exhibited multifarious morphologies,suggesting that a morphological change of precipitates occurred during long-term service.The M23 C6 carbides and Laves phase coarsened substantially,and the latter grew faster than the former.However,MX carbonitrides exhibited a relatively low coarsening rate.The effect of the evolution of the precipitate phases on the creep rupture strength of P92 steel was discussed.

Corrosion Behaviors of P110 Steel and Chromium Coating in CO_2-saturated Simulated Oilfield Brine

The protective chromium coating was prepared on P110 steel by employing pack cementation.The corrosion behaviors of P110 steel and the obtained coating in CO2-saturated simulated oilfield brine were studied by static complete immersion tests and electrochemical measurements.The corrosion attacks of the samples were determined by mass loss,corroded surface morphologies,corrosion products,and results of electrochemical measurements.The experimental results showed that the coating was uniform,continuous and compact.The chromium coating was slightly corroded,and the mass loss and corrosion rate of the coating were far lower than those of P110 steel.Chromium coating has higher self-corroding potential and lower corrosion current density than P110 steel in accordance with the electrochemical tests results.Taken as a whole,chromizing treatment has significantly improved the corrosion resistance of P110 steel.

Prediction of Ac1 temperature in P92 steel weld metal

The effects of major alloying elements on the Ac, temperature in P92 steel weld metal were evaluated by Thermo- Calc, and a formula relating Ac1 to the content of major alloying elements was developed using multiple regression method. Results show that both C and N reduce Ac, temperature in weld metal, the effect of N on Ac, is greater than that of C, but their influence on Act is not so significant when they individually vary in the specified chemical composition ranges. Si, Cr, Mo and W increase the Acl temperature, and the descending order of their effects is determined as Si, Mo, W, Cr. Mn and Ni decrease the AcI in weld metal, the decreasing effect is especially remarkable when the （ Mn ＋ Ni） ≥ 1%. The effect of Co is moderate and is much smaller compared to Ni. The variations of Acl for the ranges of micro-alloying elements Nb and V are also evaluated, the effect of V is greater compared to Nb and the effect of Nb could be ignored in the specified chemical composition range. A prediction formula for Ac, temperature in P92 steel weld metal within the specified chemical composition ranges was developed based on the comprehensive consideration of the calculated Ac, temperatures and the experimentally measured results.

Microstructures and wear resistance of chromium coatings on P110 steel fabricated by pack cementation

In order to obtain a high-performance surface on P110 steel that can meet the requirements in oil/gas field environment, the chromium coatings were fabricated by pack cementation. The chromium coatings differed in with/without the addition of La2O3. Scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （EDS）, X-ray diffractometer （XRD） and microhardness tester were employed to investigate the surface morphologies, surface element distributions, microstructures, phase constitutions and microhardness of the coatings. Friction-wear tests of the P110 steel substrate and the coatings were conducted in air at ambient temperature and humidity. The results show that ＇uniform and continuous coatings are formed on P110 steel regardless of adding La2O3 or not. The chromium coatings consist of Cr23C6, Cr7C3, and （Cr, Fe）7C3. The La2O3-added chromium coating is more beneficial in terms of surface morphology, microstructure, thickness and microharduess as compared with the coating without adding La2O3. Chromizing treatment significantly improves the surface hardness and wear resistance of the P110 steel. The wear resistance of the tested samples can be sorted in the following sequence： La2O3-coating 〉 no RE-coating 〉bare P110 steel.

Influence factors on stress corrosion cracking of P 110 tubing steel under CO2 injection well annulus environment

Stress corrosion cracking （SCC） behavior of P 110 tubing steel in simulated C02 injection well annulus environments was investigated through three-point bent tests, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements. The results demonstrate that SCC of P110 tubing steel could occur in acidulous simulated environment, and the sensitivity of SCC increases with the decrease ofpH, as well as increase of sulfide concentration and total environmental pressure. Both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement make contributions to the SCC. Adequate concentration of corrosion inhibitor can inhibit the occurrence of SCC on account of the inhibition of localized anodic dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution.

Influence of the repair length on the residual stress in P92 steel repair welds

Based on the SYSWELD software, a 3D finite element simulation is performed to investigate the temperature field and residual stress in the repair weld process of P92 steel plates. The results show that large tensile residual stresses are generated in the repair weld and the heat-affected zone(HAZ), which gradually decrease with distance in the surrounding base metal. With an increase of the repair length,the transverse residual stress decreases in the middle of plate surface, the HAZ and the weld metal. The longitudinal stress shows a declining trend in the weld metal with an increase of the repair length, while in the middle of plate surface and the HAZ, the longitudinal stress is only minimally affected by the repair length.

Application of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting the Thickness of Chromizing Coatings on P110 Steel

A series of rare earth （RE） dispersed chromizing coatings were produced on P 110 steel by pack cementation. The orthogonal array design （OAD）was applied to set the experiments. An artificial neural network （ANN） approach is employed to predict the thickness values of the obtained chromizing coatings based on the OAD tests results. The results revealed that the built model was reliable, the thickness values of chromizing coatings were well predicted at selected process parameters, and the predicted error lied in rational range.

Effects of Mn on the properties of quenching and partitioning treated sheet steel

Since it has excellent tensile strength, the quenching and partitioning （Q ＆ P） treated steel has been widely acclaimed. Some researched is currently being conducted on Q ＆ P steel, but Q ＆ P techniques and related mechanisms have been mostly research based on conventional transformation-induced plasticity （TRIP） steel. This study researches the effect of Mn on the properties of Q ＆P sheet steel. Two kinds of steel sheet with different levels of Mn content （1.46% Mn and 2.75% Mn） are investigated. After being fully annealed, the steel sheets were quenched to a temperature between Ms and Mr. Allocation treatment then caused the carbon to be partitioned into the remaining austenite.The microstructure and tensile properties were analyzed. The results show that the increment of Mn content can increase the stability of the steel and decrease the sensitivity of the quenching temperature （QT）. The results also indicate that increasing the level of Mn can effectively suppress the formation of bainite.

Nanoindentation Characterization of Creep-fatigue Interaction on Local Creep Behavior of P92 Steel Welded Joint

In modern fossil and nuclear power plants,the components are subjected to creep,fatigue,and creep-fatigue(CF)due to frequent start-up and shut-down operations at high temperatures.The CF interaction on the in-service P92 steel welded joint was investigated by strain-controlled CF tests with different dwell times of 30,120,300,600 and 900 s at 650℃.Based on the observations of the fracture surface by scanning electron microscope(SEM),the character-istic microstructure of fatigue-induced damage was found for the CF specimens with short dwell times(30 and 120 s).The hardness,elastic modulus and creep deformation near the fracture edges of four typical CF specimens with 30,120,600 and 900 s dwell times were measured by nanoindentation.Compared to specimens with post-weld heat treatment(PWHT),lower hardness and creep strength were found for all CF specimens.In addition,significant reduc-tions in hardness,elastic modulus,and creep strength were measured near the fracture edges for the CF specimens with short dwell times compared to the PWHT specimens.Compared to PWHT specimens(0.007),the increased strain rate sensitivities(SRS)of 0.010 to 0.17 were estimated from secondary creep.The increased values of SRS indicate that the room temperature creeps behavior is strongly affected by the decrease in dislocation density after the CF tests.

Effects of Ni and Co on the Ac1 temperature of P92 steel weld metal

The effects of the addition of O - 1.2wt. % Ni and 0 - 2wt. % Co in F92 steel weld metal on its A L temperature was analyzed using computational thermodynamic software （ Thermo-CalcTM ） in this paper. The results indicate that both Ni and Co decrease the A, of P92 .steel weld metal, and each elements has a pronounced linear relationship with the At. The il^fluence of Ni on A,I is much larger than that of Co. In order to evaluate effects of Co and Ni in combination on AI of P92 .steel weld metal, an equation Ni = Ni ＋ O. 096Co was developed. According to the formula, the decreaing effect of Co on A., is jun about 1 / 10 of that of Ni. For welding consumables of P92 steel, the .substitution of Co for Ni （part or whole） could be an appropriate way to avoid the strong reduction of A and improve the properties of weld metal.

Necking of Q&P Steel during Uniaxial Tensile Test with the Aid of DIC Technique

A lot of research has been focused on the necking process during the plastic deformation of sheet metals, but the localized necking is rarely distinguished form diffused necking by experiments, due to the limit of measurement equipment and method. Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) steel is a 3rd generation advanced high strength steel (AHSS). Its good combination of high strength and ductility ensures potential application in automobile industry. Uniaxial tensile tests of QP980 steel sheet at five strain rates are performed to investigate the necking process and the effect of strain rate on necking behavior of Q&P steel. Digital image correlation (DIC) method is applied during tensile tests, and evolutions of major strain, minor strain and normal strain distributions along gauge section of the tensile specimens are obtained. The diffused and localized necking strains are determined according to SWIFT necking theory and HILL necking theory respectively. The test results indicate that with the increasing of strain rate in the investigated range, the diffused necking strain decreases from 0.152 to 0.120 and localized necking strain decreases from 0.245 to 0.137. Meanwhile, the difference of the two strains decreases form 0.096 to 0.017. Thus it can be concluded that strain rate has an influence on both necking strains during the deformation of QP980 steel sheet. Diffused and localized necking strains are determined by uniaxial tensile tests with the aid of DIC technique and the effect of strain rate on necking strains is evaluated.

500MPa级S500QL调质高强钢板在线直接淬火(DQ)工艺研究及应用

开发了低碳(C≤0.12%)Nb-V微合金化S500QL高强度钢板,使用120 t BOF+LF+VD的洁净钢冶炼工艺,采用两阶段控制轧制(第一阶段950~1070℃区间轧制,第二阶段开轧≤890℃、终轧≤850℃)及轧后以7~20℃/s的冷速在线直接淬火(DQ),经620~670℃,3min/(mm·T)回火生产了15~50 mm钢板。钢板组织为细化的粒状贝氏体+少量先共析铁素体,屈强比≤0.90、延伸率A≥19%,-50℃下冲击功≥100 J,满足市场需求。对DQ工艺钢板进行焊接裂纹敏感性试验及焊接接头性能检验,结果显示,采用该工艺生产的钢板具有良好的焊接性能。

INTERGRANULAR CORROSION AND PHOSPHOR SEGREGATION AT GRAIN BOUNDAR1FS OF NON-SENSITIZED SUPERPURE AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N

The corrosion behaviour and mechanism of superpure austenitic stainless steel 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N in urea processing environment was studied using metallography,SEM, TEM,SIMS and AES techniques.The results show that the gas extraction tube made of non-sensitized 00Cr25Ni22Mo2N steel suffered intergranular corrosion.Corrosive media penetrated not only into the tube wall through grain boundaries but also expanded from the boundary towards the interior of the grain.Neither depletion of Cr nor precipitates were found at the grain boundaries.However,P(and Si)was segregated at the grain boundaries to a great extent.Semiquantitative calculation indicates that the P content at the grain boundaries is about 25 wt-%,three orders of magnitude higher than the content within the grain.Sugges- tion is made that the potential difference between the grain and its boundary due to the segre- gation results in the observed intergranular corrosion.