Transition from a filamentary mode to a diffuse one with varying distance from needle to stream of an argon plasma jet

Plasma jet has extensive application potentials in various fields, which normally operates in a diffuse mode when helium is used as the working gas. However, when less expensive argon is used, the plasma jet often operates in a filamentary mode. Compared to the filamentary mode, the diffuse mode is more desirable for applications. Hence, many efforts have been exerted to accomplish the diffuse mode of the argon plasma jet. In this paper, a novel single-needle argon plasma jet is developed to obtain the diffuse mode. It is found that the plasma jet operates in the filamentary mode when the distance from the needle tip to the central line of the argon stream(d) is short. It transits to the diffuse mode with increasing d. For the diffuse mode, there is always one discharge pulse per voltage cycle, which initiates at the rising edge of the positive voltage. For comparison, the number of discharge pulse increases with an increase in the peak voltage for the filamentary mode. Fast photography reveals that the plasma plume in the filamentary mode results from a guided positive streamer,which propagates in the argon stream. However, the plume in the diffuse mode originates from a branched streamer, which propagates in the interfacial layer between the argon stream and the surrounding air. By optical emission spectroscopy,plasma parameters are investigated for the two discharge modes, which show a similar trend with increasing d. The diffuse mode has lower electron temperature, electron density, vibrational temperature, and gas temperature compared to the filamentary mode.

Simulation of the Ecosystem Productivity Responses to Aerosol Diffuse Radiation Fertilization Effects over the Pan-Arctic during 2001–19

The pan-Arctic is confronted with air pollution transported from lower latitudes.Observations have shown that aerosols help increase plant photosynthesis through the diffuse radiation fertilization effects(DRFEs).While such DRFEs have been explored at low to middle latitudes,the aerosol impacts on pan-Arctic ecosystems and the contributions by anthropogenic and natural emission sources remain less quantified.Here,we perform regional simulations at 0.2o×0.2ousing a well-validated vegetation model(Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere,YIBs)in combination with multi-source of observations to quantify the impacts of aerosol DRFEs on the net primary productivity(NPP)in the pan-Arctic during 2001-19.Results show that aerosol DRFEs increase pan-Arctic NPP by 2.19 Pg C(12.8%)yr^(-1)under clear-sky conditions,in which natural and anthropogenic sources contribute to 8.9% and 3.9%,respectively.Under all-sky conditions,such DRFEs are largely dampened by cloud to only 0.26 Pg C(1.24%)yr^(-1),with contributions of 0.65% by natural and 0.59% by anthropogenic species.Natural aerosols cause a positive NPP trend of 0.022% yr^(-1)following the increased fire activities in the pan-Arctic.In contrast,anthropogenic aerosols induce a negative trend of-0.01% yr^(-1)due to reduced emissions from the middle latitudes.Such trends in aerosol DRFEs show a turning point in the year of 2007 with more positive NPP trends by natural aerosols but negative NPP trends by anthropogenic aerosols thereafter.Though affected by modeling uncertainties,this study suggests a likely increasing impact of aerosols on terrestrial ecosystems in the pan-Arctic under global warming.

基于Diffusers框架的电商产品图制作方法研究

基于Diffusers框架与Control Net网络,文章开发并实现了服装产品图的制作流程,将Segment Anything与Grounding DINO结合,实现了自动分割衣服蒙版。将Semantic Segmentation与ViTmatte结合,实现了对皮肤的精细化分割。文章使用大模型的低秩适应实现了对图像风格的微调,利用Ultralytics框架,结合Diffusers提出了一种图像修复方法。将生成图与原图对比,实验结果表明:将Diffusers与Control Net网络结合,能够实现模特替换与背景替换,该方法可以为用户提供衣服上身的参考,降低商家的产品图制作成本。

InternDiffuseDet:结合可变形卷积和扩散模型的目标检测方法

针对现有目标检测中存在的漏检和误检、特征提取能力有限、处理复杂场景时检测精度不高等问题,基于DiffusionDet进行改进,提出了一种结合可变形卷积和扩散模型的目标检测方法。以模型在进入检测头之前需要更多且优质的特征图为核心思想,在主干网络中引入InternImage和DCNv3可变形卷积算子提升模型的感受野和非线性建模能力。对中间层的FPN特征金字塔进行改进,设计了一种基于选择性加权的特征金字塔CS-FPN;利用深度可分离卷积实现通道和区域的分离,同时采用CARAFE算子替代传统的上采样操作,提高分辨率和语义信息的传递;随后利用SGE注意力机制对特征图进行重组,以确保特征图在扩散的过程中保留更多的层次化信息。在特征图进入检测头之前,进行DDIM的扩散操作,获得不同时刻的特征图,以扩充检测特征图的数量。最后在目标框匹配和损失函数方面采用EIOU算法以处理目标框之间的位置偏移和尺度差异。实验数据显示,在COCO数据集和道路检测数据集上,改进后的模型在相同的实验环境下比原有模型分别提升了3.8和3.6个百分点。实验结果表明该方法在提高目标检测的准确性和鲁棒性方面具有一定的潜力,并为解决现实场景中的目标检测问题提供了新的思路和方法。

Does the intracoronary pressure differ according to two types(diffuse or focal)of coronary spasm?

BACKGROUND Several reports show that two types of coronary vasospasm(diffuse and focal spasm)are associated with the severity or prognosis of coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina(VSA).It is unclear whether intracoronary pressure differs between the two spasm types.AIM To investigate such relationships using a pressure wire during the spasm provocation test(SPT)in patients with VSA.METHODS Eighty-seven patients with VSA(average age:67 years;50 men,37 women)underwent SPT.During the SPT,a pressure wire was advanced into the distal portion of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending coronary artery,and the ratio of the intracoronary pressure to the aortic pressure(Pd/Pa)was continuously monitored.An SPT was performed using acetylcholine(ACh),and the presence of coronary spasm was defined as the presence of>90%arterial narrowing in response to an ACh infusion,with the usual chest symptoms and/or ischemic ECG changes.Focal spasm was defined as total or subtotal spasm within one segment of the AHA classification,while diffuse spasm was defined as>90%spasm with two or more segments.RESULTS Among 87 patients,the frequencies of metabolic syndrome and having coronary atherosclerosis were higher in the focal group(n=33)than in the diffuse spasm group(n=54,P<0.05).In the vessel analyses,in these 134 spastic segments,diffuse and focal spasms were detected in 100 and 34 vessels,respectively.The Pd/Pa at baseline was similar in both groups(diffuse:0.96±0.05,focal:0.95±0.05,P=0.35);however,the Pd/Pa during coronary spasm was lower in focal spastic vessels(0.66±0.20)than in diffuse spastic vessels(0.76±0.11,P<0.01),and the reduction in Pd/Pa during an SPT was also lower in focal spastic vessels(-0.29±0.20)than in diffuse spastic vessels(-0.18±0.11,P<0.01).The presence of focal spasm was a significant factor responsible for reduction in Pd/Pa during SPT.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that focal spasm may be more severe than diffuse spasm,judging from the intracoronary pressure during coronary spasm.

Does Diffuse Circumnuclear Gas around Sgr A^(*) Achieve Collisional Ionization Equilibrium or Remain Non-equilibrium Ionization?

The feeding and feedback processes at the vicinity of a supermassive black hole(BH)are essential for our understanding of the connection between supermassive BH and its host galaxy.In this work,we provide a detailed investigation,both observational and theoretical,on the diffuse(~2"-20",~0.08-0.8 pc)X-ray emission around Sgr A*.Over two-decade Chandra observations are gathered to obtain highest signal-to-noise to date.We find that,the line center of iron lines of the outer 8"-18"region,ε_(c)=6.65+0.02-0.03 keV,is comparable to that(ε_(c)=6.60+0.05-0.03 keV)of the inner 2"-5"region.This is somewhat unexpected,since the gas temperature decreases further away from the central BH.Based on a dynamical inflow-outflow model that considers the gas feeding by stellar winds from Wolf-Rayet stars,we calculate the X-ray spectrum based on both the conventional collisional ionization equilibrium(CIE)assumption,and the newly developed non-equilibrium ionization(NEI)assumption.We find that,theoretically gases within~8"-10"remain in a CIE state,outside of this radius they will be in the NEI state.A comparison of the properties of~6.6 keV iron lines between CIE and NEI is addressed.Interestingly,the NEI interpretation of outer region is supported by the Chandra line center ε_(c) measurements of this region.

Dihydroartemisinin enhances cell apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma by inhibiting the STAT3 activity

Background:Dihydroartemisinin(DHA)is reported to be a potential anticancer agent,and the mechanisms underlying the effects of DHA on diffuse large B cell lymphoma however are still obscure.This study aimed to assess the antitumor effect of DHA on diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells and to determine the potential underlying mechanisms of DHA-induced cell apoptosis.Methods:Here,the Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was conducted to study cell proliferation.We performed Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining,real-time polymerase chain reaction,and western blot analysis to analyze cell apoptosis and potential molecular mechanisms.Results:The results showed that DHA substantially suppressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in vitro in a time-and concentration-dependent fashion.Moreover,STAT3 activity could be inhibited after stimulation with DHA.Conclusion:These results imply that the underlying anti-tumoral effect of DHA may increase apoptosis in diffuse large B cell lymphoma cells via the STAT3 signaling pathway.In addition,DHA might be an effective drug for diffuse large B cell lymphoma therapy.

Young thoracic vertebra diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis with Scheuermann disease:A case report

BACKGROUND Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis(DISH)is a disorder characterised by the calcification and ossification of ligaments and entheses.It is a frequent occurrence in elderly males,but rarely encountered in younger individuals.CASE SUMMARY A 24-year-old male was admitted to the hospital due to low back pain accompanied with numbness in both lower limbs for 10 d.Upon clinical examination and imaging tests,the patient was diagnosed with DISH with Scheuermann disease and thoracic spinal stenosis.Before the operation and medical treatment,the patient had hypoesthesia of the skin below the xiphoid process.Afterward,a standard laminectomy was conducted using ultrasonic bone curette and internal fixation was applied.Subsequently,the patient was given corticosteroids,neurotrophic drugs,hyperbaric oxygen and electric stimulation.As a result of the treatment,the patient’s sensory level decreased to the navel level and there was no major change in the muscle strength of the lower limbs.During follow-up,the patient’s skin sensation has returned to normal.CONCLUSION This case is a rare instance of DISH co-existing with Scheuermann’s disease in a young adult.This provides a valuable reference point for spine surgeons,as DISH is more commonly observed in middle-aged and elder adults.

Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment for primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:A single-center analysis

BACKGROUND Unlike the already established effect of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication on gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT)lymphoma,its therapeutic effect on primary gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is still unclear.AIM To clarify the efficacy of H.pylori eradication treatment for primary gastric DLBCL.METHODS We reported on 3 new cases,and added them to 3 previously reported cases.We analyzed the usefulness of H.pylori eradication treatment for gastric DLBCL for a total of 6 cases at our center.RESULTS Of the 6 patients(27-90 years old,3 males and 3 females),all 3 patients with single lesions(one transformed from MALT lymphoma)achieved complete remission(CR)after H.pylori eradication.Regarding the 2 newly reported cases,CR was maintained for more than 6 years with eradication treatment alone.In contrast,none of the 3 patients with 2 lesions achieved CR.In 1 newly reported case,endoscopic CR was achieved in one lesion,while stable disease was obtained in the other lesion.Two patients with progressive disease responded to standard chemo therapy±radiation and remained in CR for more than 6 years.CONCLUSION We believe it is worthwhile to attempt H.pylori eradication for elderly patients with primary gastric DLBCL in a single lesion with a small tumor burden.

原位DRIFTS在SCR过渡金属催化剂研究中的应用进展

概述了4类选择性催化还原(SCR)过渡金属催化剂的研发现状,归纳了原位漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱(DRIFTS)在NH3和NO吸附转化过程研究中的应用进展,总结了SCR的反应机理及路径,并对原位DRIFTS在SCR研究中的应用前景进行了展望。指出,基于原位DRIFTS技术可遴选出影响催化剂SCR活性的要素,这些要素包括NH3和NO在催化剂上的吸附方式、物种间的活化转化、中间体及(副)产物的生消过程等,这对针对性合成具有特殊结构和形貌的高活性催化剂具有重要指导作用。

Acute diffuse peritonitis secondary to a seminal vesicle abscess:A case report

BACKGROUND Seminal vesicle abscess(SVA)is the manifestation of a relatively rare urinary system infection.In response to urinary system inflammation,an abscess forms in special locations.However,acute diffuse peritonitis(ADP)induced by SVA is unusual.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a left SVA in a male patient complicated with pelvic abscess,ADP,multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,infectious shock,bacteremia,and acute appendiceal extraserous suppurative inflammation as a result of a long-term indwelling urinary catheter.The patient received a course of morinidazole+cefminol antibiotics but showed no obvious relief,so the perineal SVA underwent puncture drainage and abdominal abscess drainage+appendectomy was performed.The operations were successful.After the operation,anti-infection,anti-shock,and nutritional support treatments were continued and various laboratory indicators were regularly reviewed.The patient was discharged from the hospital after recovery.This disease is a challenge for the clinician because of the unusual spreading path of the abscess.Moreover,appropriate intervention and adequate drainage of abdominal and pelvic lesions are necessary,especially when the primary focus cannot be determined.CONCLUSION The etiology of ADP varies,but acute peritonitis secondary to SVA is very rare.In this patient,the left SVA not only affected the adjacent prostate and bladder but also spread retrogradely through the vas deferens,forming a pelvic abscess in the loose tissues of the extraperitoneal fascia layer.Inflammation involving the peritoneal layer led to ascites and pus accumulation in the abdominal cavity,and appendix involvement led to extraserous suppurative inflammation.In clinical practice,surgeons need to consider the results of various laboratory tests and imaging examinations to make comprehensive judgments involving the diagnosis and treatment plan.

Rituximab combined with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat elderly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients: Two case reports

BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is a common aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL),accounting for 30%-40%of adult NHLs.This report aims to explore the efficacy and safety of rituximab combined with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)in the treatment of elderly patients with DLBCL.CASE SUMMARY The clinical data of two elderly patients with DLBCL who received rituximab combined with BTKi in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the literature was reviewed.The patients were treated with chemotherapy using the R-miniCHOP regimen for two courses.Then,they received rituximab in combination with BTKi.CONCLUSION The treatment experience in these cases demonstrates the potential efficacy of rituximab combined with BTKi to treat elderly DLBCL patients,thus providing a new treatment strategy.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma successfully treated with amplified natural killer therapy alone: A case report

BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with advanced diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is poor,with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%.The mainstay of treatment is multidrug combination chemotherapy,which has been associated with serious side effects.Amplified natural killer(ANK)cell therapy amplifies and activates natural killer(NK)cells to attack only malignant tumors.As ANK cells attack programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1)-positive tumor cells,ANK therapy is considered effective against adult T-cell lymphoma and malignant lymphoma.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a case of an older patient with advanced DLBCL who was successfully treated with ANK immunotherapy.A 91-year-old female visited our hospital with sudden swelling of the right axillary lymph node in April 2022.The patient was diagnosed with stage II disease,given the absence of splenic involvement or contralateral lymphadenopathy.ANK therapy was administered.Six rounds of lymphocyte sampling were performed on July 28,2022.To reduce the occurrence of side effects,the six samples were diluted by half to obtain 12 samples.Cultured NK cells were administered twice weekly.The treatment efficacy was evaluated by performing computed tomography and serological tests every 1 or 2 mo.The treatment suppressed lesion growth,and the antitumor effect persisted for several months.The patient experienced mild side effects.PD-L1 immunostaining was positive,indicating that the treatment was highly effective.CONCLUSION ANK therapy can be used as a first-line treatment for malignant lymphoma;the PD-L1 positivity rate can predict treatment efficacy.

Effect of T-regulatory cells and interleukin-35, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects B lymphocytes.It can develop in the lymph nodes and can be localized or generalized.Despite DLBCL being considered potentially curable,little research has been conducted on the relationship between the body's immune response and DLBCL.AIM To study the expression and significance of T-regulatory cells(Tregs)interleukin(IL)-35,IL-10,and transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)in DLBCL.METHODS Data from 82 patients with DLBCL who were initially admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University(Zhejiang Province,China)between January 2017 and June 2022 and treated with standard first-line regimens were reviewed.Three patients were lost to follow-up;thus,79 patients were included in the statistical analysis and then divided into three groups according to the evaluation of clinical efficacy:Incipient(new-onset and treatment-naïve),effectively treated,and relapsed-refractory.Thirty healthy individuals were included in the control group.The expression of peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their associated factors IL-35,IL-10,and TGF-βin the four groups were observed.RESULTS In contrast to the successfully treated and normal control groups,both the incipient and relapse-refractory groups exhibited greater proportions of CD4-positive(+)Tregs(P<0.05),whereas the proportion of CD8+Tregs did not differ substantially between the groups.Serum levels of IL-35 and IL-10 in the incipient and relapsed-refractory groups were higher than those in the effectively treated and normal control groups(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant distinction in the expression level of TGF-βbetween the groups(P>0.05).The correlation between IL-35 and IL-10 concentrations was significantly positive,with a correlation coefficient of 0.531(P<0.05).The correlation between IL-35 and TGF-βconcentration was significantly positive,with a correlation coefficient of 0.375(P<0.05).The correlation between IL-10 and TGF-βconcentration was significantly positive,with a correlation coefficient of 0.185(P<0.05).The expression concentrations of IL-35,IL-10 and TGF-βwere apparently and positively correlated(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Tregs IL-35,and IL-10 may be closely associated with the occurrence and development of DLBCL and the detection of related indices may be helpful in the analysis of disease prognosis.

Comparative analysis of conventional ultrasound and shear wave elastography features in primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

BACKGROUND Primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(PB-DLBCL)is a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that accounts for<3%of extranodal lymphomas and 1%of breast tumors.Its diagnosis and management are challenging because of its rarity,heterogeneity,and aggressive behavior.Conventional ultrasound(US)is the first-line imaging modality for breast lesions;however,it has limited specificity and accuracy for PB-DLBCL.Shear wave elastography(SWE)is a novel US technique that measures tissue stiffness and may reflect the histological characteristics and biological behavior of breast lesions.AIM To compare the conventional US and SWE features of PB-DLBCL and evaluate their diagnostic performance and prognostic value.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and US images of 32 patients with pathologically confirmed PB-DLBCL who underwent conventional US and SWE before treatment.We analyzed conventional US features(shape,margin,orientation,echo,posterior acoustic features,calcification,and vascularity)and SWE features(mean elasticity value,standard deviation,minimum elasticity value,maximum elasticity value,and lesion-to-fat ratio)of the PB-DLBCL lesions.Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,we determined the optimal cutoff values and diagnostic performance of conventional US and SWE features.We also performed a survival analysis to assess the prognostic value of conventional US and SWE features.RESULTS The results showed that the PB-DLBCL lesions were mostly irregular in shape(84.4%),microlobulated or spiculated in margins(75%),parallel in orientation(65.6%),hypoechoic in echo(87.5%),and had posterior acoustic enhancement(65.6%).Calcification was rare(6.3%)and vascularity was variable(31.3%avascular,37.5%hypovascular,and 31.3%hypervascular).The mean elasticity value of PB-DLBCL lesions was significantly higher than that of benign breast lesions(113.4±46.9 kPa vs 27.8±16.4 kPa,P<0.001).The optimal cutoff value of the mean elasticity for distinguishing PB-DLBCL from benign breast lesions was 54.5 kPa,with a sensitivity of 93.8%,specificity of 92.9%,positive predictive value of 93.8%,negative predictive value of 92.9%,and accuracy of 93.3%.The mean elasticity value was also significantly correlated with Ki-67 expression level(r=0.612,P<0.001),which is a marker of tumor proliferation and aggressiveness.Survival analysis showed that patients with higher mean elasticity values(>54.5 kPa)had worse overall survival(OS)and progression-free survival(PFS)than those with lower mean elasticity values(<54.5 kPa)(P=0.038 for OS and P=0.027 for PFS).CONCLUSION Conventional US and SWE provide useful information for diagnosing and forecasting PB-DLBCL.SWE excels in distinguishing PB-DLBCL from benign breast lesions,reflects tumor proliferation and aggressiveness,and improves disease management.

Unexpected diffuse lung lesions in a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP)often presents nonspecifically and can be easily confused with:(1)Idiopathic interstitial lung fibrosis;(2)alveolar carcinoma;(3)pulmonary tuberculosis;and(4)other lung diseases such as viral pneumonia,mycoplasma pneumonia,and chlamydial pneumonia.CASE SUMMARY Diagnosis:In this case,a patient was diagnosed with PAP through transbronchial cryobiopsy(TBCB)and quantitative metagenomic next-generation sequencing,which confirmed the impairment of surfactant turnover as the underlying cause of PAP.Interventions:High-volume total lung lavage was performed for this patient.Outcomes:The patient's clinical condition had improved significantly by the 6-month follow-up,with a 92%finger oxygen saturation.A repeat chest computed tomography scan revealed scattered patchy ground-glass shadows in both lungs,which was consistent with alveolar protein deposition but with a lower density than in the radiograph from October 23,2022.CONCLUSION TBCB has unique advantages in diagnosing atypical alveolar protein deposition,particularly for enabling the early detection of PAP.This information can help patients take preventive measures to prevent or halt PAP development by avoiding dusty environments and seeking treatment with total lung lavage and inhaled granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.

Diagnostic Efficacy of^(18)F-FDG PET/CT in Detecting Bone Marrow Infiltration in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Objective Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)is often associated with bone marrow infiltration,and 2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG PET/CT)has potential diagnostic significance for bone marrow infiltration in DLBCL.Methods A total of 102 patients diagnosed with DLBCL between September 2019 and August 2022 were included.Bone marrow biopsy and^(18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations were performed at the time of initial diagnosis.Kappa tests were used to evaluate the agreement of^(18)F-FDG PET/CT with the gold standard,and the imaging features of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration on PET/CT were described.Results The total detection rate of bone marrow infiltration was not significantly different between PET/CT and primary bone marrow biopsy(P=0.302)or between the two bone marrow biopsies(P=0.826).The sensitivity,specificity,and Youden index of PET/CT for the diagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration were 0.923(95%CI,0.759-0.979),0.934(95%CI,0.855-0.972),and 0.857,respectively.Conclusion^(18)F-FDG PET/CT has a comparable efficiency in the diagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration.PET/CT-guided bone marrow biopsy can reduce the misdiagnosis of DLBCL bone marrow infiltration.

Coexistence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,acute myeloid leukemia,and untreated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/waldenström macroglobulinemia in a same patient:A case report

BACKGROUND The Coexistence of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies is rare.Myeloid leukemia occurs more frequently as a secondary event in patients receiving chemotherapy agents for lymphoid malignancies.Synchronous diagnoses of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),acute myeloid leukemia(AML),and untreated lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia(LPL/WM)in the same patient have not been reported.Here we report one such case.CASE SUMMARY An 89-year-old man had a chest wall mass histopathologically diagnosed as DLBCL.The bone marrow and peripheral blood contained two groups of cells.One group of cells fulfilled the criteria of AML,and the other revealed the features of small B lymphocytic proliferative disorder,which we considered LPL/WM.Multiple chromosomal or genetic changes were detected in bone marrow mononuclear cells,including ATM deletion,CCND1 amplification,mutations of MYD88(L265P)and TP53,WT1 overexpression,and fusion gene of BIRC2-ARAP1,as well as complex chromosomal abnormalities.The patient refused chemotherapy because of old age and died of pneumonia 1 mo after the final diagnosis.CONCLUSION The coexistence of DLBCL,AML,and untreated LPL/WM in the same patient is extremely rare,which probably results from multiple steps of genetic abnormalities.Asymptomatic LPL/WM might have occurred first,then myelodysplastic syndromerelated AML developed,and finally aggressive DLBCL arose.Therefore,medical staff should pay attention to this rare phenomenon to avoid misdiagnoses.

颗粒煤基质尺度计算新方法及应用

煤基质内部富含复杂孔隙,为瓦斯提供了大量的存储空间和运移通道。孔隙内的瓦斯流进裂隙需要经过扩散过程,基质尺度在一定程度上决定了扩散到裂隙的阻力,影响着瓦斯扩散的难易程度。研究以瓦斯扩散与煤基质尺度内在联系为出发点,通过处理颗粒煤解吸瞬态过程数据得到不同解吸时刻煤的双重孔隙结构内的瓦斯浓度与质量交换速率的定量关系,结合时变扩散系数对基质形状因子进行计算,提出了基于瞬态扩散的颗粒煤基质尺度计算方法,并进行了试验验证。结果表明:与较小颗粒煤相比,保存完整基质形态的大颗粒煤初始扩散系数基本不变,因此初始扩散系数的值在一定程度上可以表征基质的破坏程度。基质形状因子随解吸时间的延长而减小,可划分为急降阶段、缓降阶段和稳定阶段,其中稳定阶段基质形状因子能够准确反映扩散后期拟稳态下的基质形态,最适合求解基质尺度。该方法可以反映颗粒煤粉化损伤过程中的基质尺度变化规律,为解释扩散极限粒径的存在提供依据。糯东煤样的3种试验粒径基质尺度随煤颗粒的增大而增大,分别为0.059、0.287、0.457 mm,并且在大粒径范围具有无差性,证明了该方法的准确性。颗粒煤基质尺度可以用来修正K1值的计算参数,使瓦斯损失量计算模型在粉化程度高的煤样中同样具有很好的适用性。

非平衡概念漂移数据流主动学习方法

数据流分类研究在开放、动态环境中如何提供更可靠的数据驱动预测模型,关键在于从实时到达且不断变化的数据流中检测并适应概念漂移.目前,为检测概念漂移和更新分类模型,数据流分类方法通常假设所有样本的标签都是已知的,这一假设在真实场景下是不现实的.此外,真实数据流可能表现出较高且不断变化的类不平衡比率,会进一步增加数据流分类任务的复杂性.为此,提出一种非平衡概念漂移数据流主动学习方法 (Active learning method for imbalanced concept drift data stream, ALM-ICDDS).定义基于多预测概率的样本预测确定性度量,提出边缘阈值矩阵的自适应调整方法,使得标签查询策略适用于类别数较多的非平衡数据流;提出基于记忆强度的样本替换策略,将难区分、少数类样本和代表当前数据分布的样本保存在记忆窗口中,提升新基分类器的分类性能;定义基于分类精度的基分类器重要性评价及更新方法,实现漂移后的集成分类器更新.在7个合成数据流和3个真实数据流上的对比实验表明,提出的非平衡概念漂移数据流主动学习方法的分类性能优于6种概念漂移数据流学习方法.