DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker for the suppression of transposable elements(TEs)and the regu-lation of plant immunity.However,little is known how RNA viruses counter defense such antiviral machinery...DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker for the suppression of transposable elements(TEs)and the regu-lation of plant immunity.However,little is known how RNA viruses counter defense such antiviral machinery.In this study,the change of DNA methylation in turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)-infected cells was analyzed by whole genome bisulfite sequencing.Results showed that the total number of methylated sites of CHH and CHG increased in TuMV-infected cells,the majority of differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in the CHH and CHG contexts were associated with hypermethylation.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of two methylases(DRM2 and CMT3)and three demethylases(ROS3,DML2,DML3)was significantly increased and decreased in TuMV-infected cells,respec-tively.Pathogenicity tests showed that the enhanced resistance to TuMV of the loss-of-function mutant of DRM2 is associated with unregulated expression of several defense-related genes.Finally,we found TuMV-encoded NIb,the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,was able to induce the expression of DRM2.In conclusion,this study discov-ered that TuMV can modulate host DNA methylation by regulating the expression of DRM2 to promote virus infection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32022071,31860491)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.LH2019C027)+1 种基金the Academic Backbone Projects of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG04)the project of China National Tobacco Corporation(110202002010-JY-13).
文摘DNA methylation is an important epigenetic marker for the suppression of transposable elements(TEs)and the regu-lation of plant immunity.However,little is known how RNA viruses counter defense such antiviral machinery.In this study,the change of DNA methylation in turnip mosaic virus(TuMV)-infected cells was analyzed by whole genome bisulfite sequencing.Results showed that the total number of methylated sites of CHH and CHG increased in TuMV-infected cells,the majority of differentially methylated regions(DMRs)in the CHH and CHG contexts were associated with hypermethylation.Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of two methylases(DRM2 and CMT3)and three demethylases(ROS3,DML2,DML3)was significantly increased and decreased in TuMV-infected cells,respec-tively.Pathogenicity tests showed that the enhanced resistance to TuMV of the loss-of-function mutant of DRM2 is associated with unregulated expression of several defense-related genes.Finally,we found TuMV-encoded NIb,the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase,was able to induce the expression of DRM2.In conclusion,this study discov-ered that TuMV can modulate host DNA methylation by regulating the expression of DRM2 to promote virus infection.
