Global Land Surface Satellite-downward surface shortwave radiation(GLASSDSSR)products have been routinely produced from 20082010 based on an improved look-up table algorithm,which explicitly accounts for the variation...Global Land Surface Satellite-downward surface shortwave radiation(GLASSDSSR)products have been routinely produced from 20082010 based on an improved look-up table algorithm,which explicitly accounts for the variations of cloud optical depth,water vapor content,and elevation.In this study,we validated and assessed the accuracy of these products in arid and semiarid regions of China.Toward this goal,observation data-sets provided by the Arid and Semiarid Region Collaborative Observation Project as well as four other metrological sites were collected,chosen,and preprocessed for the final validation.Due to the possible effect of spatial collocation and the strong adjacency pixel effect in instantaneous products,we used a more sophisticated validating scheme in order to reduce the impacts from these effects as much as possible.Evidences indicate that the GLASS-DSSR products are considerably accurate over most parts of arid and semiarid regions in China,but in complex terrain areas the products might need further refinements.The R2 at all sites(except Naqu)was larger than 0.8 with a root mean square error(RMSE)range of about in 90130 W/m2.Linear regression analyses suggest that GLASS-DSSR products tend to overestimate DSSR in the interval of low surface-measured values and symmetrically underestimate DSSR in the interval of high values.This systematic error may result from inappropriate assumptions about clouds and aerosol loadings over the regions in the operational algorithm.展开更多
该文从数学上描述了配电系统的N-1安全性,给出了安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)的严格数学定义,并首次证明DSSR的存在性。首先,从数学上描述了配电系统运行的状态空间与正常运行方式下的约束条件。其次,为描述N-1安...该文从数学上描述了配电系统的N-1安全性,给出了安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)的严格数学定义,并首次证明DSSR的存在性。首先,从数学上描述了配电系统运行的状态空间与正常运行方式下的约束条件。其次,为描述N-1安全性及安全程度,提出了安全函数的概念,并给出一个具体的安全函数,并证明其具有连续和单调减的重要性质。再从数学上将N-1安全性描述为安全函数满足某个预定临界值的问题。然后,给出了更严格的DSSR数学定义:DSSR是所有安全工作点的集合,该集合具有封闭的边界,边界内部均为安全工作点,外部均为不安全工作点。最后,从数学上证明了对于任意给定配电网,其DSSR一定存在。文中工作对揭示配电网安全域的数学本质具有重要意义,为未来智能配电系统安全高效的运行及规划技术奠定理论基础。展开更多
该文提出了配电系统安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)体积的概念与算法,分析了DSSR体积对电网的意义。首先,对DSSR体积进行了定义,DSSR描述了配电系统满足N-1安全的运行范围,体积是DSSR大小的度量。其次,提出了DSSR高...该文提出了配电系统安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)体积的概念与算法,分析了DSSR体积对电网的意义。首先,对DSSR体积进行了定义,DSSR描述了配电系统满足N-1安全的运行范围,体积是DSSR大小的度量。其次,提出了DSSR高效运行区的体积定义。再次,提出了基于蒙特卡罗仿真的DSSR体积算法。最后,通过算例验证了体积算法,并进一步研究了体积的用途。DSSR体积能提供一些最大供电能力(total supply capacity,TSC)无法给出的重要信息,选取TSC相同但DSSR体积不同的电网比较,发现体积大的电网具有更好的安全性能,在各个负荷增长方向上的安全裕量更均衡。该文提出的DSSR体积是反映配电网安全性能的新指标,对未来配电网的规划和运行具有重要的应用价值。展开更多
二维图像是配电网安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)可视化观测的最常用方式,所有可能出现的图像被归纳成DSSR图谱。该文发现现有图谱外的2种新图像,并揭示了图像的产生机理。首先,简介DSSR二维观测和现有图谱。其次,...二维图像是配电网安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)可视化观测的最常用方式,所有可能出现的图像被归纳成DSSR图谱。该文发现现有图谱外的2种新图像,并揭示了图像的产生机理。首先,简介DSSR二维观测和现有图谱。其次,给出新发现图像,其特征是斜线边界上具有直角"凸起"或"凹陷",故命名为"斜线凸"和"斜线凹"。然后,分析得到特殊图像的产生机理:若配电网N-1后存在多种负荷转带方式,对应DSSR为非凸集,造成域表面的凸起与凹陷,二维切割后出现"斜线凸"和"斜线凹"。实际配电网一般具有多转带方案,因此特殊图像是普遍存在的。为阐述机理,该文3D打印了两供一备接线的完整DSSR,二维剖面后成功复现了新图像,并采用分段联络接线及2个IEEE RBTS-Bus4扩展算例进行了验证。该文是完整DSSR图谱的重要补充,能帮助人们更全面认识DSSR的几何特征。研究结果具有应用价值,不仅能提高安全性评估的准确性,还能引导工作点规避凹区和利用凸区,从而达到安全高效。展开更多
To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accu...To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.展开更多
基金the Arid and Semi-arid Region Collaborative Observation Project(ASRCOP)and Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research(WATER)program,which provided in situ measurements for our validation.This work was supported by Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 91125002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant 41101389)Chinese Academy of Sciences Action Plan for West Development Program(grant KZCX2-XB3-15-4).
文摘Global Land Surface Satellite-downward surface shortwave radiation(GLASSDSSR)products have been routinely produced from 20082010 based on an improved look-up table algorithm,which explicitly accounts for the variations of cloud optical depth,water vapor content,and elevation.In this study,we validated and assessed the accuracy of these products in arid and semiarid regions of China.Toward this goal,observation data-sets provided by the Arid and Semiarid Region Collaborative Observation Project as well as four other metrological sites were collected,chosen,and preprocessed for the final validation.Due to the possible effect of spatial collocation and the strong adjacency pixel effect in instantaneous products,we used a more sophisticated validating scheme in order to reduce the impacts from these effects as much as possible.Evidences indicate that the GLASS-DSSR products are considerably accurate over most parts of arid and semiarid regions in China,but in complex terrain areas the products might need further refinements.The R2 at all sites(except Naqu)was larger than 0.8 with a root mean square error(RMSE)range of about in 90130 W/m2.Linear regression analyses suggest that GLASS-DSSR products tend to overestimate DSSR in the interval of low surface-measured values and symmetrically underestimate DSSR in the interval of high values.This systematic error may result from inappropriate assumptions about clouds and aerosol loadings over the regions in the operational algorithm.
文摘该文从数学上描述了配电系统的N-1安全性,给出了安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)的严格数学定义,并首次证明DSSR的存在性。首先,从数学上描述了配电系统运行的状态空间与正常运行方式下的约束条件。其次,为描述N-1安全性及安全程度,提出了安全函数的概念,并给出一个具体的安全函数,并证明其具有连续和单调减的重要性质。再从数学上将N-1安全性描述为安全函数满足某个预定临界值的问题。然后,给出了更严格的DSSR数学定义:DSSR是所有安全工作点的集合,该集合具有封闭的边界,边界内部均为安全工作点,外部均为不安全工作点。最后,从数学上证明了对于任意给定配电网,其DSSR一定存在。文中工作对揭示配电网安全域的数学本质具有重要意义,为未来智能配电系统安全高效的运行及规划技术奠定理论基础。
文摘二维图像是配电网安全域(distribution system security region,DSSR)可视化观测的最常用方式,所有可能出现的图像被归纳成DSSR图谱。该文发现现有图谱外的2种新图像,并揭示了图像的产生机理。首先,简介DSSR二维观测和现有图谱。其次,给出新发现图像,其特征是斜线边界上具有直角"凸起"或"凹陷",故命名为"斜线凸"和"斜线凹"。然后,分析得到特殊图像的产生机理:若配电网N-1后存在多种负荷转带方式,对应DSSR为非凸集,造成域表面的凸起与凹陷,二维切割后出现"斜线凸"和"斜线凹"。实际配电网一般具有多转带方案,因此特殊图像是普遍存在的。为阐述机理,该文3D打印了两供一备接线的完整DSSR,二维剖面后成功复现了新图像,并采用分段联络接线及2个IEEE RBTS-Bus4扩展算例进行了验证。该文是完整DSSR图谱的重要补充,能帮助人们更全面认识DSSR的几何特征。研究结果具有应用价值,不仅能提高安全性评估的准确性,还能引导工作点规避凹区和利用凸区,从而达到安全高效。
基金Science and Technology Planning Program of Xinjiang(2022E01047)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030612 and 41905131)+2 种基金Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(23JK0625)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(2021JQ-768)Social Science Planning Fund Program of Xi’an City(23JX150)。
文摘To harness the rich solar energy resources in Xinjiang Region of Northwest China,this study tries to address the issue of lack of downward surface shortwave radiation(DSSR)observations and the need to improve the accuracy of satellite retrieval and numerical simulation of DSSR under varied sky and meteorological conditions.(1)A two-layer aerosol model specific to Xinjiang was developed to capture the vertical distributions of aerosols based on multiple data sources including lidar,GPS sounding,ground meteorological observations,and profiles from the ECMWF reanalysis version 5(ERA5)data.The results show that the ERA5/PBLH(planetary boundary layer height)and ERA5/ALH(aerosol layer height)could be used to establish the two-layer aerosol model and characterize the vertical distribution of aerosols in Xinjiang Region.(2)Using the Santa Barbara Discrete Atmospheric Radiative Transfer(SBDART)model,a localized inverse model of clear-sky DSSR was established.After parameter adjustment and using the optimal combination of input parameters for DSSR simulation together with the two-layer aerosol model,the model-simulated DSSR(DSSRSBD)under clear-sky conditions improved significantly compared to the initial results,with all fitting indices greatly improved.(3)In addition,the study demonstrated that the impact of the two-layer aerosol model on DSSR was more pronounced under dust conditions than clear-sky conditions.(4)Using the localized clear-sky DSSR inversion model and its required parameters,simulations were also conducted to capture the spatiotemporal distribution of DSSR under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang from 2017 to 2019.The annual average DSSR_(SBD)under clear-sky conditions in Xinjiang during 2017–2019 was 606.78 W m^(-2),while DSSR from CERES(DSSR_(CER))under the same conditions was generally higher(703.95 W m^(-2)).(5)It is found that satellite remote sensing products experienced data loss in high-altitude snow areas,where numerical simulation technology could serve as a valuable complement.