On the road to standardization of D2 lymph node dissection in a European population of patients with gastric cancer

The amount of lymph node dissection(LD) required during surgical treatment of gastric cancer surgery has been quite controversial.In the 1970 s and 1980 s,Japanese surgeons developed a doctrine of aggressive preventive gastric cancer surgery that was based on extended(D2) LD volumes.The West has relatively lower incidence rates of gastric cancer,and in Europe and the United States the most common LD volume was D0-1.This eventually caused a scientific conflict between the Eastern and Western schools of surgical thought.:Japanese surgeons determinedly used D2 LD in surgical practice,whereas European surgeons insisted on repetitive clinical trials in the European patient population.Today,however,one can observe the results of this complex evolution of views.The D2 LD is regarded as an unambiguous standard of gastric cancer surgical treatment in specialized European centers.Such a consensus of the Eastern and Western surgical schools became possible due to the longstanding scientific and practical search for methods that would help improve the results of gastric cancer surgeries using evidence-based medicine.Today,we can claim that D2 LD could improve the prognosis in European populations of patients with gastric cancer,but only when the surgical quality of LD execution is adequate.

Exploration and optimization of surgical techniques for laparoscopic transhiatal lower mediastinal lymph node dissection for adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction: A prospective IDEAL 2a study with qualitative design

Objective: To explore the change and feasibility of surgical techniques of laparoscopic transhiatal(TH)-lower mediastinal lymph node dissection(LMLND) for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction(AEG)according to Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, and Long-term follow-up(IDEAL) 2a standards.Methods: Patients diagnosed with AEG who underwent laparoscopic TH-LMLND were prospectively included from April 14, 2020, to March 26, 2021. Clinical and pathological information as well as surgical outcomes were quantitatively analyzed. Semistructured interviews with the surgeon after each operation were qualitatively analyzed.Results: Thirty-five patients were included. There were no cases of transition to open surgery, but three cases involved combination with transthoracic surgery. In qualitative analysis, 108 items under three main themes were detected: explosion, dissection, and reconstruction. Revised instruction was subsequently designed according to the change in surgical technique and the cognitive process behind it. Three patients had anastomotic leaks postoperatively, with one classified as Clavien-Dindo Ⅲa.Conclusions: The surgical technique of laparoscopic TH-LMLND is stable and feasible;further IDEAL 2b research is warranted.

Gastric cancer: Current status of lymph node dissection

D2 procedure has been accepted in Far East as the standard treatment for both early(EGC) and advanced gastric cancer(AGC) for many decades. Recently EGC has been successfully treated with endoscopy by endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection, when restricted or extended Gotoda's criteria can be applied and D1+ surgery is offered only to patients not fitted for less invasive treatment. Furthermore, two randomised controlled trials(RCTs) have been demonstrating the non inferiority of minimally invasive technique as compared to standard open surgery for the treatment of early cases and recently the feasibility of adequate D1+ dissection has been demonstrated also for the robot assisted technique. In case of AGC the debate on the extent of nodal dissection has been open for many decades. While D2 gastrectomy was performed as the standard procedure in eastern countries, mostly based on observational and retrospective studies, in the west the Medical Research Council(MRC), Dutch and Italian RCTs have been conducted to show a survival benefit of D2 over D1 with evidence based medicine. Unfortunately both the MRC and the Dutch trials failed to show a survival benefit after the D2 procedure, mostly due to the significant increase of postoperative morbidity and mortality, which was referred to splenopancreatectomy. Only 15 years after the conclusion of its accrual, the Dutch trial could report a significant decrease of recur-rence after D2 procedure. Recently the long term survival analysis of the Italian RCT could demonstrate a benefit for patients with positive nodes treated with D2 gastrectomy without splenopancreatectomy. As nowadays also in western countries D2 procedure can be done safely with pancreas preserving technique and without preventive splenectomy, it has been suggested in several national guidelines as the recommended procedure for patients with AGC.

Spleen-preserving splenic lymph node dissection in radical total gastrectomy

Radical gastrectomy has been recognized as the standard surgical treatment for advanced gastric cancer, and essentially applied in a wide variety of clinical settings. The thoroughness of lymph node dissection is an important prognostic factor for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Splenic lymph node dissection is required during D2 radical gastrectomy for upper stomach cancer. This is often accompanied by removal of the spleen in the past few decades. A growing number of investigators believe, however, that the spleen plays an important role as an immune organ, and thus they encourage the application of a spleen- preserving method for splenic hilum lymph node dissection.

D2 dissection in laparoscopic and open gastrectomy for gastric cancer

AIM: To evaluate the radicalness and safety of laparoscopic D2 dissection for gastric cancer. METHODS: Clinicopathological data from 209 patients with gastric cancer, who underwent radical gastrectomy with D2 dissection between January 2007 and February 2011, were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 131 patients underwent laparoscopyassisted gastrectomy (LAG) and 78 underwent open gastrectomy (OG). The parameters analyzed included operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, morbidity, mortality, the number of harvested lymph nodes (HLNs), and pathological stage.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in sex, age, types of radical resection [radical proximal gastrectomy (PG + D2), radical distal gastrectomy (DG + D2) and radical total gastrectomy (TG + D2)], and stages between the LAG and OG groups (P > 0.05). Among the two groups, 127 cases (96.9%) and 76 cases (97.4%) had 15 or more HLNs, respectively. The average number of HLNs was 26.1 ± 11.4 in the LAG group and 24.2 ± 9.3 in the OG group (P = 0.233). In the same type of radical resection, there were no signifi cant differences in the number of HLNs between the two groups (PG + D2: 21.7 ± 7.5 vs 22.4 ± 9.3; DG + D2: 25.7 ± 11.0 vs 22.3 ± 7.9; TG + D2: 30.9 ± 13.4 vs 29.3 ± 10.4; P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Tumor free margins were obtained in all cases. Compared with OG group, the LAG group had signifi cantly less blood loss, but a longer operation time (P < 0.001). The morbidity of the LAG group was 9.9%, which was not signifi cantly different from the OG group (7.7%) (P = 0.587). The mortality was zero in both groups. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic D2 dissection is equivalent to OG in the number of HLNs, regardless of tumor location. Thus, this procedure can achieve the same radicalness as OG.

腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合D_(2)淋巴结清扫术前应用纳米活性炭的临床价值

目的探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合D_(2)淋巴结清扫术前应用纳米活性炭的临床价值。方法选取2018年5月至2019年12月在九江市第一人民医院收治的86例胃癌患者作为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为活性炭组与对照组,每组43例。两组均实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合D_(2)淋巴结清扫术治疗,活性炭组术前使用纳米活性炭治疗。比较两组淋巴结检获数目、术后淋巴结转移率、肿瘤复发率、死亡率、并发症发生率,分析活性炭组用药不良反应情况。结果活性炭组和对照组分别清扫淋巴结1691枚、1228枚,前者存在黑染淋巴结984枚(58.19%),活性炭组淋巴结总数、淋巴结转移数、微小淋巴结数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。活性炭组淋巴结转移率和黑染淋巴结转移率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组术后肿瘤复发率、死亡率、并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。活性炭组无与纳米活性炭相关不良反应发生。结论术前应用纳米活性炭能提高腹腔镜胃癌根治术联合D_(2)淋巴结清扫术中淋巴结清扫数目,降低淋巴结清除难度,安全性较高。

纳米碳混悬注射液术前胃镜下注射与术中注射在经腹腔镜D_(2)胃癌根治术中的应用与分析

目的探究纳米碳混悬注射液术前胃镜下注射与术中注射在经腹腔镜D_(2)胃癌根治术中的应用效益及前景。方法收集2019年1月至2021年1月间在陕西中医药大学附属医院普外二科就诊的胃癌病人,总计119例,将符合准入条件的75例行腹腔镜D_(2)胃癌根治术病人依据注射纳米碳的时间差异,采用抛硬币法随机分为术前组(39例)与术中组(36例),对两组淋巴结检出情况、淋巴结转移率、不良反应情况进行比较。结果术前组淋巴结检出数显著高于术中组[(31.67±3.30)枚比(26.47±2.10)枚,P<0.05],淋巴结检出时间显著低于术中组[(22.77±2.27)min比(27.67±2.43)min,P<0.05];术前组D_(2)淋巴结检出数明显高于术中组[(16.67±2.21)枚比(11.78±1.15)枚],D_(2)淋巴结黑染率高于术中组(70.62%比43.87%),淋巴结直径≤5 mm者术前组检出率高于术中组(59.51%比45.33%),术前组检出的淋巴结转移率明显高于术中组(20.73%比14.90%),Ⅱ期病人检出的淋巴结转移率高于术中组(20.30%比13.90%),两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前、术中组的Ⅰ、Ⅲ期病人检出的淋巴结转移率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组病人均未见与纳米碳相关的明显不良反应。结论纳米碳混悬注射液术前胃镜下注射与术中注射在经腹腔镜D_(2)胃癌根治术中均能做到淋巴结示踪,但前者在D_(2)淋巴结、微小淋巴结、转移淋巴结的检出率等方面效果更佳,更有助于临床病理分期及病人后期治疗。

Survival prognostic analysis of laparoscopic D2 radical resection for locally advanced gastric cancer: A multicenter cohort study

BACKGROUND With the development of minimally invasive surgical techniques,the use of laparoscopic D2 radical surgery for the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer(GC)has gradually increased.However,the effect of this procedure on survival and prognosis remains controversial.This study evaluated the survival and prognosis of patients receiving laparoscopic D2 radical resection for the treatment of locally advanced GC to provide more reliable clinical evidence,guide clinical decision-making,optimize treatment strategies,and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients.METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed.Clinicopathological data from 652 patients with locally advanced GC in our hospitals from December 2013 to December 2023 were collected.There were 442 males and 210 females.The mean age was 57±12 years.All patients underwent a laparoscopic D2 radical operation for distal GC.The patients were followed up in the outpatient department and by telephone to determine their tumor recurrence,metastasis,and survival.The follow-up period ended in December 2023.Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean±SD,and normally distributed data are expressed as M(Q1,Q3)or M(range).Statistical data are expressed as absolute numbers or percentages;theχ^(2) test was used for comparisons between groups,and the Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test was used for comparisons of rank data.The life table method was used to calculate the survival rate,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to construct survival curves,the log rank test was used for survival analysis,and the Cox risk regression model was used for univariate and multifactor analysis.RESULTS The median overall survival(OS)time for the 652 patients was 81 months,with a 10-year OS rate of 46.1%.Patients with TNM stages II and III had 10-year OS rates of 59.6%and 37.5%,respectively,which were significantly different(P<0.05).Univariate analysis indicated that factors such as age,maximum tumor diameter,tumor diffe-rentiation grade(low to undifferentiated),pathological TNM stage,pathological T stage,pathological N stage(N2,N3),and postoperative chemotherapy significantly influenced the 10-year OS rate for patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal stomach cancer[hazard ratio(HR):1.45,1.64,1.45,1.64,1.37,2.05,1.30,1.68,3.08,and 0.56 with confidence intervals(CIs)of 1.15-1.84,1.32-2.03,1.05-1.77,1.62-2.59,1.05-1.61,1.17-2.42,2.15-4.41,and 0.44-0.70,respectively;P<0.05].Multifactor analysis revealed that a tumor diameter greater than 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in these patients(HR:1.48,1.44,1.81 with a 95%CI:1.19-1.84).Additionally,postoperative chemotherapy emerged as an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate(HR:0.57,95%CI:0.45-0.73;P<0.05).CONCLUSION A maximum tumor diameter exceeding 4 cm,low tumor differentiation,and pathological TNM stage III were identified as independent risk factors for the 10-year OS rate in patients with locally advanced GC following laparoscopic D2 radical resection for distal GC.Conversely,postoperative chemotherapy was found to be an independent protective factor for the 10-year OS rate in these patients.

64层螺旋CT对进展期胃癌D2根治术中淋巴结清扫的指导价值

目的研究64层螺旋CT(64-slice,CT)对进展期胃癌行D2根治术淋巴结清扫的临床指导价值。方法分析已确诊的进展期胃癌患者(病例组),术前64层螺旋CT检出的淋巴结总数、淋巴结直径(d)和病检结果,并与术前未行64层螺旋CT检查的进展期胃癌患者(对照组)比较术后淋巴结总数、不同直径组淋巴结转移阳性率。结果64层螺旋CT能够检出更多肿大淋巴结,尤其能提高直径(d)<10mm的检出率:d<10mm占89.5%(111/124),d≤5mm占65.3%(81/124),d<3mm占32.3%(40/124)。病例组切除的淋巴结数平均为30枚,其中d<10mm、d≤5mm、d<3mm淋巴结转移率分别为77.7%(108/139)、49.0%(68/139)、18.0%(25/139)。对照组切除的淋巴结数平均为19枚,其中d<10mm、d≤5mm、d<3mm淋巴结转移率分别为52.1%(25/48)、27.1%(13/48)、8.3%(4/48)。结论进展期胃癌术前行64层螺旋CT检查有利于发现小直径淋巴结。

Laparoscopic vs open D2 gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM: To conduct a meta-analysis comparing laparoscopic (LGD2) and open D2 gastrectomies (OGD2) for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

D2 plus radical resection combined with perioperative chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with pyloric obstruction

A patient with advanced gastric cancer complicated with pyloric obstruction was treated using D2 ＋ radical resection combined with perioperative chemotherapy, and had satisfying outcomes. The perioperative chemotherapy regimen was Taxol and S1 （tegafur, gimeracil, and oteracil）. Three cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were delivered before surgery, and three cycles of adjuvant therapy after surgery. PR was achieved after chemotherapy. D2 ＋ dissection of stations 8p, 12b, 12p, 13 and 14v lymph nodes was performed on September 10, 2012.

微创远端胃癌手术结合D2淋巴结清扫治疗胃癌的临床效果

目的探究微创远端胃癌手术结合D_(2)淋巴结清扫治疗胃癌的临床效果。方法选取2018年3月至2020年9月我院收治的76例胃癌患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组(传统开腹手术+D_(2)淋巴结清扫治疗)与观察组(微创远端胃癌手术+D_(2)淋巴结清扫治疗),各38例。比较两组的手术相关指标、肿瘤根治效果、血清肿瘤标志物指标、术后并发症发生情况。结果观察组的手术时间、术后排气时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、进食流质食物及半流质食物时间均短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的近端及远端切缘长度、淋巴结数目与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1周,两组的血清PGⅠ水平均高于术前,CA724水平均低于术前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率为5.26%,低于对照组的23.68%(P<0.05)。结论微创远端胃癌手术结合D_(2)淋巴结清扫应用于胃癌治疗中具有创伤小、术后恢复快的优势,能够达到与开腹手术相近的效果,且并发症更少,可予以推广。

Novel combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery for advanced T2 gastric cancer:Two case reports

BACKGROUND The standard treatment for advanced T2 gastric cancer(GC)is laparoscopic or surgical gastrectomy(either partial or total)and D2 lymphadenectomy.A novel combined endoscopic and laparoscopic surgery(NCELS)has recently been proposed as a better option for T2 GC.Here we describe two case studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of NCELS.CASE SUMMARY Two T2 GC cases were both resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection and full-thickness resection and laparoscopic lymph nodes dissection.This method has the advantage of being more precise and minimally invasive compared to current methods.The treatment of these 2 patients was safe and effective with no complications.These cases were followed up for nearly 4 years without recurrence or metastasis.CONCLUSION This novel method provides a minimally invasive treatment option for T2 GC,and its potential indications,effectiveness and safety needs to be further evaluated in controlled studies.

胸中段食管癌胸腹二野淋巴结清扫及其转移规律的临床研究

目的:探讨胸中段食管癌胸腹二野淋巴结转移规律及其清扫方法,指导临床淋巴结清扫的范围。方法:对95例胸中段食管癌采用右胸及上腹正中两切口术式为基础进行胸腹二野淋巴结清扫,并对淋巴结转移规律进行分析。结果:95例胸中段食管患者淋巴结转移度为20.4%,肿瘤浸润深度和分化程度对淋巴结转移率的影响具有统计学意义。胸中段食管癌既有向上到右颈气管旁、双侧喉返神经链旁、食管旁、癌肿旁、隆突下淋巴结转移,也有向下至贲门旁、胃左动脉旁、胃小弯网膜等处淋巴结转移,呈现双向转移趋势。结论:胸中段食管癌患者淋巴结转移与肿瘤浸润深度及分化程度明显相关。具有胸腹二野淋巴结转移的倾向,右颈气管旁及双侧喉返神经链是淋巴结转移重要区域,右胸及上腹两切口术式更方便胸中段食管癌切除和胸腹二野淋巴结的清扫,并且以此为基础经右胸顶对右颈气管旁及双侧喉返神经链淋巴结清扫也是安全可行的。

中段食管癌根治术扩大二野清扫淋巴结的临床体会

目的探讨胸中段食管癌扩大二野清扫的淋巴结转移规律。方法从2008年9月至2012年9月对52例胸中段食管癌患者以Ivor-Lewis术式为基础进行扩大二野清扫,并对淋巴结转移规律进行分析。结果 52例患者并发症发生率为36.5%(19/52),死亡1例。淋巴结转移发生率为50%(26/52)。共清扫淋巴结1 426枚,其中99枚淋巴结发生转移,淋巴结转移度为6.9%;主要集中在颈深组、食管旁、喉返神经旁、隆突下、贲门区和胃左动脉旁,淋巴结转移率分别为17.3%、19.2%、7.6%、13.4%、25%和5.7%;转移度分别为15.2%、17.2%、6.1%、19.2%、24.2%和3.0%。早期食管癌和进展期食管癌淋巴结转移率分别为25%和52.1%,转移度分别为1.9%和7.1%,两者转移率和转移度之间差异均有统计学意义(χ2=2.178、1.083,P<0.05)。结论胸中段食管癌有广泛转移的倾向,颈深区及上纵隔区域是胸段食管癌淋巴结转移的重要区域。Ivor-Lewi术式更方便胸中段食管癌切除和现代二野淋巴结的清扫,并且以此为基础经右胸顶对颈深区淋巴结清扫也是安全可行的。

不同淋巴结清扫方式治疗胸中上段食管癌的疗效及对预后的影响

目的探讨不同淋巴结清扫方式治疗胸中上段食管癌的临床效果及对患者预后的影响。方法将134例胸中上段食管癌患者按淋巴结清扫方式不同分为观察组(56例)和对照组(78例),观察组行三野淋巴结清扫术,对照组行二野淋巴结清扫术。比较两组患者术后淋巴结病理检查结果、术后并发症情况及术后随访情况,检测两组患者术前及术后4个月乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平。结果观察组平均清扫淋巴结数(44.3±6.9)枚/例,淋巴结转移度为10.9%,对照组平均清扫淋巴结数(38.3±5.4)枚/例,淋巴结转移度为12.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组淋巴结转移率为60.7%,显著高于对照组的42.3%(P<0.05);且观察组有较高的颈部淋巴结转移率(21.4%)和上纵隔淋巴结转移率(33.9%),但与对照组上纵隔淋巴结转移率(30.8%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组术后喉返神经损伤、吻合口瘘、呼吸系统并发症、心血管并发症及围术期死亡率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后4个月,观察组LDH、NOS、CEA水平较对照组均显著降低(P<0.05),NO水平较对照组显著升高(P<0.05);观察组术后1年生存率为96.3%,显著高于对照组的85.5%(P<0.05);观察组术后1年颈部淋巴结复发率为1.9%,显著低于对照组的11.8%(P<0.05)。结论三野淋巴结清扫术较二野淋巴结清扫术能更彻底清除颈部及上纵隔淋巴结,有利于提高胸中上段食管癌手术根治性和术后分期,减少术后局部复发,改善患者预后。

Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer

A 48-year-old female patient was diagnosed with a superficial depressed type early gastric cancer （type IIc） of 1.0 cm at the gastric angle as indicated by gastroscopy. Laparoscopic-assisted greater omentumpreserving D2 radical gastrectomy was performed in combination with Billroth I reconstruction under general anesthesia for the distal gastric cancer on April 5, 2013. The postoperative recovery was satisfying without complications. The patient was discharged seven days after surgery.

腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫在早期子宫内膜癌患者全子宫双附件切除术中的应用效果

目的探讨腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫在早期子宫内膜癌患者全子宫双附件切除术中的应用效果。方法根据治疗方式的不同将105例子宫内膜癌患者分为对照组(n=51)和观察组(n=54),对照组患者给予全子宫双附件切除术,观察组患者给予全子宫双附件切除术+腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术。比较两组患者围手术期相关指标、肿瘤标志物[癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、人表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)]水平和并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者手术时间明显长于对照组,淋巴结清扫数目明显多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后1个月,两组患者CEA、HER2、CA125水平均低于本组术前,且观察组患者CEA、HER2、CA125水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。观察组患者的并发症总发生率为14.81%,与对照组患者的5.88%比较,差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。结论早期子宫内膜癌患者全子宫双附件切除术中给予腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫术的效果确切,有助于全面清扫淋巴结,降低肿瘤标志物水平,安全性较高。

全腔镜下二野与三野淋巴结清扫术在食管癌中的应用效果分析

目的探讨全腔镜下二野与三野淋巴结清扫术在食管癌中的应用效果。方法选取230例食管癌患者,根据不同的治疗方法,将230例患者分为二野组(n=120)和三野组(n=110)。二野组接受全腔镜二野淋巴结清扫术,三野组接受全腔镜三野组淋巴结清扫术。比较两组患者淋巴结切除及转移情况、并发症发生率、1年生存率及复发率。结果二野组平均每个患者淋巴结清扫数[(16.02±4.72)枚]显著低于三野组[(23.22±5.41)枚],二野组淋巴结转移率(59.2%)显著高于三野组(41.8%)(P<0.05)。两组淋巴结转移度无统计学差异(P>0.05)。三野组喉返神经损伤、呼吸系统并发症、吻合口瘘及心血管并发症发生率均显著高于二野组(P<0.05)。二野组患者1年生存率(83.3%)显著低于三野组(95.5%),二野组1年颈部淋巴结复发率和纵膈淋巴结复发率均明显高于三野组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论全腔镜下三野淋巴结清扫术有利于提高食管癌的根治性,且有效降低术后转移率和复发率,提高患者的生存率,值得在临床推广。

现代二野淋巴结清扫食管癌切除术的疗效分析

目的探讨食管癌切除现代二野淋巴结清扫的手术疗效及临床实际应用价值。方法1987年6月至2007年12月间，对1690例中下段及上段食管癌患者分别采用Ivor—Lewis术式和Akiyama术式进行现代淋巴结清扫治疗，总结胸腹二野淋巴结转移的发生率以及患者术后1、3、5和10年的生存率。结果全组患者中，有淋巴结转移713例，转移率为42．2％（713／1690）。胸部淋巴结转移665例，占39．3％（665／1690），其中右胸顶气管旁三角区淋巴结转移349例，占20．7％；后上纵隔淋巴结转移444例，占26．3％；下纵隔淋巴结转移307例，占18．2％。腹部淋巴结转移339例，占20．1％。全组患者术后有278例发生312例次各种并发症，并发症的发生率为16．4％（278／1690），其中以肺部并发症为主，共136例次，占43．6％。全组患者的手术死亡率为0．2％。全组患者术后1、3、5和10年生存率分别为88．2％（1388／1574）、63．5％（868／1367）、54．8％（705／1287）和30．8％（232／754）。无淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率为76．2％（448／588），有淋巴结转移患者的5年生存率为36．8％（257／699）。结论食管癌切除采用Ivor—Lewis和Akiyama术式可良好地显露胸腹二野，淋巴结清扫彻底，特别是对后上纵隔喉返神经旁、右胸顶气管旁三角区淋巴结的清扫尤为便利。对有淋巴结转移的食管癌患者施行现代二野淋巴结清扫十分必要，能显著提高患者的术后5年生存率。