东海OBN和三维DAS-VSP数据的联合采集与处理方法研究

近年来,光纤传感技术已经应用于地面地震数据、海洋地震数据、井中地震数据和井地联合地震数据的采集,推动了光纤传感技术在地球物理特别是地震数据采集中的应用。井地或井海联合地震勘探是陆地或海洋三维地震与三维DAS-VSP勘探相结合形成的三维立体地震勘探方法,利用井海联采的三维DAS-VSP数据,可以获得地下井周围准确的时深关系、地层速度、反褶积算子、球面扩散补偿因子、吸收衰减因子、各向异性参数和井筒周围的高分辨率构造成像,这些参数可以基于井驱处理提高陆地或海洋三维地震数据的处理质量。在中国东海某OBN数据勘探中首次开展了井下套管内铠装光缆同步采集的三维DAS-VSP数据的处理方法研究以及成像处理。首先,采用常规的三维VSP数据成像处理技术对三维DAS-VSP数据进行常规处理,具体处理流程包括:观测系统定义、预处理、初至拾取、静校正、振幅补偿、反褶积、波场分离、速度分析与建模和利用上行反射波进行井周围地层的构造成像;然后,再根据海上三维DAS-VSP数据下行多次波的特点,研发了海上三维DAS-VSP数据的下行多次波成像技术,扩展了三维DAS-VSP数据成像范围,提高了三维DAS-VSP数据成像的整体质量。与本工区早期的三维OBC数据成像结果相比,本次三维DAS-VSP数据的下行多次波成像结果表明,井周围三维构造成像质量得到了显著改进,大幅度扩展了成像范围;新采集的OBN数据和三维DAS-VSP数据的成像结果展示了更为详细和较高分辨率的构造成像,基于新的成像资料,对储层顶部和储层内流体的识别与追踪变得更加容易和清晰。井海联采技术生产效率高且成本低,既能快速获得三维DAS-VSP数据及成像,还能对三维海洋地震数据进行井驱提高分辨率处理。此外,三维OBN或OBC数据和三维DAS-VSP数据还能够进行融合处理,实现井地或井海同步采集数据的联合偏移成像,可以大幅度提高三维海洋地震数据的成像品质,值得在有条件的地方推广应用。

基于“脑肠轴理论”探讨龟羚帕安丸对PD大鼠纹状体DA及血清CCK、VIP水平影响的研究

目的:基于“脑肠轴理论”探讨龟羚帕安丸对PD大鼠纹状体裂解液多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)、血清胆囊收缩素(cholecystokinin,CCK)及血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)水平的影响。方法:采用6-羟基多巴胺注射法制作PD大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、西药组、中药高、中、低剂量组,每组15只,另设15只假手术组。模型组及假手术组给予等容积生理盐水灌胃,其余组给予相应药物灌胃,连续给药4周。酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测纹状体裂解液DA及血清CCK、VIP水平。结果:模型组大鼠纹状体DA、血清CCK及VIP水平显著降低;中药各剂量组、西药组大鼠纹状体DA、血清CCK及VIP水平明显均增加(P<0.01)。结论:龟羚帕安丸具有明显神经保护作用,作用机制与激活脑肠轴、增加血清CCK及VIP水平、增加中脑黑质纹状体DA的水平、发挥改善肠道功能作用有关。

采用非稳相偏振滤波的DAS-VSP数据P/S波分离方法及其应用

分布式光纤声学传感(DAS)因成本低、易布设以及高密度采样等优势正成为重要的地震观测技术,尤其是越来越多地与垂直地震剖面(VSP)结合,用于主动地震勘探或被动地震监测.DAS传感器通过感知弹性波场产生的轴向应变或应变速率来观测地震波场振动.然而,目前单分量DAS-VSP数据未完整地记录地下弹性波场的三维矢量振动信号,因此如何从中分离出P波或S波用于后续地震成像与参数反演是重要且很有挑战的课题.以弹性波传播理论为基础,本文根据P波和S波的频散关系估算接收点处各自的偏振方向,通过随频率和空间位置变化的偏振滤波实现DAS-VSP数据的P/S波分离.理论模型合成数据与东海实际DAS-VSP数据实验结果表明,该方法能有效地将P波和S波信号从单分量DAS-VSP数据中分离出来,可为后续纵横波速度反演、PP与PS波成像提供关键的数据预条件处理.

基于SDRS数据的钻石DA20飞机故障分析及处理

基于使用困难报告系统(SDRS)对钻石DA20飞机的故障数据进行分析。基于SDRS系统收集到的数据,结合故障分类方法,对钻石DA20飞机的不同故障进行研究,并提出相应的解决措施,有利于提高钻石DA20飞机机队的可靠性和安全性。

长庆安塞油田剩余油开发区DAS井地联采技术探索与实践

中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司结合长庆安塞油田开发区“三低”和“双复杂”的典型特点,面对老油田剩余油预测突出问题,从井地、井震协同一体化研究思路出发,开展国内首次面向开发区剩余油预测的多井DAS三维井地联采技术探索与实践,通过井地联合勘探实现地面地震测量和井中地震测量的优势互补,取得了良好成果。(1)通过井震同步井驱处理,三维地震资料保真度和分辨率明显提升,有效频带拓宽8%以上。(2)通过井地、井震一体化油藏静态描述剩余油预测研究,减少了单一地面地震解释成果多解性,可分辨更小地质单元,为油田精细开发提供了可靠的资料依据。(3)DAS三维井地联采配套技术支撑了安塞油田新增地质储量,并通过低产低效井组挖潜措施调整,提产效果明显。通过本次研究得出,井地联合立体探测是提升油田开发过程中微幅构造刻画和储层、流体预测精度的有效技术手段,形成的技术可推动物探技术向油田开发延伸、向井地立体探测发展,可为老油田稳产增效、推进高效开发提供支撑。

砂土含水率对DAS振幅响应影响的试验研究

利用分布式声波传感(DAS)技术和地下通讯光纤网进行周界安防(入侵)监控、管道泄漏监测、交通状况评估等是城市安全动态监测的新方向。为探究DAS监测过程中暗光纤周围岩土介质含水率变化对DAS振幅响应特性的影响,设计了小球撞击圆盘与小球直接撞击砂土面二种激振方式下五种质量含水率0%、5%、10%、15%和20%砂土的DAS振幅响应试验。试验结果表明:(1)小球自由下落撞击砂土面激发的振动信号和传感光纤圆环布设可提高DAS信噪比,试验装置可靠性高、试验结果重复性好;(2)受砂土似黏聚力和声波传播衰减两个因素共同影响,DAS信号振幅随砂土含水率变化存在一个临界含水率。当砂土含水率小于临界含水率时,DAS信号振幅随含水率增大而减小,而当砂土含水率大于临界含水率时,DAS信号振幅随含水率增大而增大;(3)因砂土似黏聚力作用和小球撞击时能量转化的差异,小球与砂土的接触形式对DAS振幅响应有显著影响。研究结果为城市地下工程安全动态DAS精细监测提供理论依据。

Research progress and potential of new enhanced oil recovery methods in oilfield development

This paper reviews the basic research means for oilfield development and also the researches and tests of enhanced oil recovery(EOR)methods for mature oilfields and continental shale oil development,analyzes the problems of EOR methods,and proposes the relevant research prospects.The basic research means for oilfield development include in-situ acquisition of formation rock/fluid samples and non-destructive testing.The EOR methods for conventional and shale oil development are classified as improved water flooding(e.g.nano-water flooding),chemical flooding(e.g.low-concentration middle-phase micro-emulsion flooding),gas flooding(e.g.micro/nano bubble flooding),thermal recovery(e.g.air injection thermal-aided miscible flooding),and multi-cluster uniform fracturing/water-free fracturing,which are discussed in this paper for their mechanisms,approaches,and key technique researches and field tests.These methods have been studied with remarkable progress,and some achieved ideal results in field tests.Nonetheless,some problems still exist,such as inadequate research on mechanisms,imperfect matching technologies,and incomplete industrial chains.It is proposed to further strengthen the basic researches and expand the field tests,thereby driving the formation,promotion and application of new technologies.

基于PLS-DA的盘龙七及其易混品大盘龙七差异性成分分析

目的:确定盘龙七及其同名异物药材大盘龙七的差异性成分并建立其含量测定方法。方法:采用偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)结合超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)分析盘龙七和大盘龙七差异性成分,并建立差异性成分定性、定量分析方法。结果:PLS-DA结果显示以t检验(P<0.05)和变量重要性投影(VIP)值(VIP>1.0)为标准,筛选出盘龙七和大盘龙七差异性成分共296个。对排名靠前的差异性成分进行表征分析,进一步筛选出符合碎片裂解规律及文献记载的差异性成分共8个,其中绿原酸、没食子酸、岩白菜素3个成分含量差异最显著。结论:该方法能有效分析盘龙七和大盘龙七的差异性,为盘龙七及大盘龙七的质量评价及定性、定量分析提供参考。

Comparison of da Vinci 5 with previous versions of da Vinci and Sina:A review

Robotic systems have become popular in modern surgical procedures.The option of telesurgery has effectively addressed geographic limitations.These systems are offered by numerous companies worldwide.In this review article,we discuss four models of robotic systems to determine their advantages:the Sina flex system from Iran and the da Vinci Xi,SP,and 5 systems from the USA.We compared aspects such as architecture,instruments,visualizations,clinical use,and costs.Our findings suggest that the da Vinci robot,which was introduced earlier than the Sina system,utilizes proprietary and limited-use EndoWrist instruments with diameters ranging from 8 to 12 mm and features advanced imaging capabilities,including three-dimensional optical,tomographic,and fluorescence imaging.It is well established and widely utilized in various surgical procedures.Conversely,the Sina flex system employs single-use 5 mm instruments and is equipped with two-dimensional optical imaging as a standard,with optional three-dimensional and fluorescence imaging upgrades available.Despite its affordability,the Sina flex system is relatively new and has not yet been clinically tested.Additionally,the Sina flex system is more user-friendly.

Performance Evaluation of the Halophilic Crude Oildegrading Bacterial Consortium XH-1 for Oilfield Wastewater Treatment

A total of 14 halophilic hydrocarbon-degrading strains were isolated from crude oil-contaminated sites,using petroleum as the sole carbon and energy source.Among these,four highly efficient strains were selected to create the mixed bacterial agent XH-1.These four strains were identified through 16S rRNA gene-based sequencing as belonging to Acinetobacter,Bacillus paramycoides,Rhodococcus sp.,and Enterobacter sp.,respectively.The optimal cultivation time for the mixed consortium XH-1 was found to be 48 h,and a nitrogen-phosphorus molar ratio of 10:1 was determined to be beneficial for crude oil degradation.XH-1 showed notable crude oil degradation even at a salinity of up to 30 g/L,with little inhibition observed at sulfide concentrations as high as 150 mg/L and initial oil concentrations of 500 mg/L.Gas chromatography analysis revealed that XH-1 was able to efficiently degrade C9–C29 n-alkanes.Moreover,a bio-contact oxidation reactor enhanced by XH-1 showed promising results in treating oilfield wastewater.These findings suggest that XH-1 can be applied for the treatment of oilfield wastewater.

Oilfield analogy and productivity prediction based on machine learning: Field cases in PL oilfield, China

In the early time of oilfield development, insufficient production data and unclear understanding of oil production presented a challenge to reservoir engineers in devising effective development plans. To address this challenge, this study proposes a method using data mining technology to search for similar oil fields and predict well productivity. A query system of 135 analogy parameters is established based on geological and reservoir engineering research, and the weight values of these parameters are calculated using a data algorithm to establish an analogy system. The fuzzy matter-element algorithm is then used to calculate the similarity between oil fields, with fields having similarity greater than 70% identified as similar oil fields. Using similar oil fields as sample data, 8 important factors affecting well productivity are identified using the Pearson coefficient and mean decrease impurity(MDI) method. To establish productivity prediction models, linear regression(LR), random forest regression(RF), support vector regression(SVR), backpropagation(BP), extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost), and light gradient boosting machine(Light GBM) algorithms are used. Their performance is evaluated using the coefficient of determination(R^(2)), explained variance score(EV), mean squared error(MSE), and mean absolute error(MAE) metrics. The Light GBM model is selected to predict the productivity of 30 wells in the PL field with an average error of only 6.31%, which significantly improves the accuracy of the productivity prediction and meets the application requirements in the field. Finally, a software platform integrating data query,oil field analogy, productivity prediction, and knowledge base is established to identify patterns in massive reservoir development data and provide valuable technical references for new reservoir development.

基于Fe^(3+)-DA-APS自催化体系的Fe_(3)O_(4)/PAA水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以Fe_(3)O_(4)纳米粒子为磁性组分,基于AA(丙烯酸)与部分Fe3O4反应产生的Fe3+、多巴胺(DA)构建双重自催化过硫酸铵(APS)的自由基聚合体系,在低温下制备了Fe_(3)O_(4)/聚丙烯酸(PAA)水凝胶,并对其进行表征。研究结果表明:Fe_(3)O_(4)/PAA水凝胶具有良好的力学性能,断裂伸长率、拉伸强度分别为900%、251.1 kPa;同时,其可较好粘附不同基材,在钢材上粘附-剥离循环20次后粘附强度仍稳定在30.7 kPa左右;此外,其还可感应极小形变,并在166 ms内快速响应。该Fe_(3)O_(4)/PAA水凝胶综合性能良好,具备应用于柔性传感器等领域的潜力。

基于DA多重插补法和电力物联网的电能数据缺失修复方法

针对电力物联网中电能数据量过多,缺失电能数据修复难度较大的问题,研究基于DA多重插补法和电力物联网的电能数据缺失修复方法。电力物联网利用感知层的电能数据采集终端采集电能数据,所采集电能数据利用通信层传送至应用层,应用层的电能数据缺失修复模块,利用EM插补算法计算电能数据缺失值的初始插补值;将所获取的电能数据插补值作为DA多重插补法的初始值,DA多重插补法利用局部加权回归模型,通过调整电能数据缺失值的预测误差,获取最终电能数据缺失修复结果。实验结果表明,该方法修复电力物联网电能数据的观测误差方差低于0.2,对于短期电能数据与长期电能数据,均具有良好的修复结果。

基于数值稳定型神经网络的Villain-Lai-Das Sarma方程的动力学标度行为研究

Villain-Lai-Das Sarma(VLDS)方程因其能够有效描述分子束外延生长过程而在表面生长动力学等领域中备受关注.然而,长程关联噪声驱动下的VLDS方程的标度结果尚不明确,不同解析近似方法所得的标度结果仍不自洽.在数值模拟方面,由于非线性项的存在,VLDS方程一直存在数值发散的问题.当前主要引入指数衰减技术替换非线性项以缓解数值发散的问题,但是最近研究表明,这种方法会导致所获得的标度指数发生歧变.因此本文基于深度神经网络来表征VLDS方程中的各个确定项,并基于数值稳定型神经网络分别对含长程时间和空间关联噪声的VLDS系统进行有效的数值模拟.结果表明,我们所构建的深度神经网络具有良好的数值计算稳定性和泛化性,可以获得不同关联噪声驱动下的VLDS方程的可靠标度指数.同时,本文还发现长程时间关联噪声驱动的VLDS系统在时间关联指数较大时呈现谷堆状的表面形貌,而空间关联噪声驱动下的表面形貌则仍然呈现自仿射分形结构.

The Relationship between Dachuan Baijie Muddymen Dance and“Da Xia”and“Da Wu”

Dachuan Baijie Muddymen Dance is a kind of dance with local characteristics.From its dance movements and prop usage,it should be related to ancient Ba people’s war dance,as well as to recorded ancient dances such as“Da Xia”and“Da Wu”.

HPLC多指标成分联合PCA和OPLS-DA法的复方儿茶胶囊综合质量评价

目的建立HPLC法同时检测复方儿茶胶囊中儿茶素、表儿茶素、槲皮素和山奈酚的含量,并结合主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)法构建其质量控制体系。方法采用Waters Symmetry C18色谱柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相乙腈-0.5%冰醋酸,梯度洗脱;检测波长分别为280 nm(检测儿茶素和表儿茶素)、360 nm(检测槲皮素和山奈酚);用外标法计算各成分含量,并联合PCA、OPLS-DA进行品质分析。结果4种成分分别在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9992);平均加样回收率96.85%~99.54%(RSD<2.0%);经PCA法得2个主成分的累积贡献率达到87.463%;OPLS-DA法显示12批复方儿茶胶囊样品聚为3类;儿茶素和表儿茶素是影响复方儿茶胶囊产品质量的主要潜在标志物。结论所建方法结果准确、操作便捷,可用于复方儿茶胶囊的综合质量评价。

HPLC多指标成分联合PCA、OPLS-DA及灰色关联度法的宫瘤消胶囊综合质量评价

目的:采用HPLC法同时检测宫瘤消胶囊(GLX)中13种成分含量,并联合化学计量学及灰色关联度分析(GRA)对GLX质量进行综合评价。方法:以Dikmatech Diamonsil Plus C18为色谱柱,乙腈-0.1%磷酸为流动相,同时测定GLX中党参炔苷、紫丁香苷、鸡矢藤次苷甲酯、车叶草苷酸、车叶草苷、氧化芍药苷、芍药苷、丹皮酚、香附烯酮、圆柚酮、α-香附酮、莪术二酮和莪术醇的含量。采用化学计量学挖掘影响GLX产品质量的主要标记物。基于灰色关联度法分析不同批次GLX各指标成分数据,以相对关联度为测度,对GLX综合质量进行评价。结果:13种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),平均加样回收率(n=9)在96.81%~100.19%之间(RSD<2.0%)。化学计量学分析显示莪术二酮、香附烯酮、丹皮酚、车叶草苷、党参炔苷、鸡矢藤次苷甲酯、芍药苷和氧化芍药苷是影响GLX产品质量的主要潜在标志物。灰色关联度分析相对关联度0.3302~0.6068,GLX存在一定批间差异。结论:所建立的HPLC多组分定量联合化学计量学及灰色关联度分析方法,操作便捷、结果准确、全面客观,可用于GLX质量的综合评价,为该制剂质量控制提供参考。

A Self-Adapting and Efficient Dandelion Algorithm and Its Application to Feature Selection for Credit Card Fraud Detection

A dandelion algorithm(DA) is a recently developed intelligent optimization algorithm for function optimization problems. Many of its parameters need to be set by experience in DA,which might not be appropriate for all optimization problems. A self-adapting and efficient dandelion algorithm is proposed in this work to lower the number of DA's parameters and simplify DA's structure. Only the normal sowing operator is retained;while the other operators are discarded. An adaptive seeding radius strategy is designed for the core dandelion. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance on the standard test functions with less time consumption than its competitive peers. In addition, the proposed algorithm is applied to feature selection for credit card fraud detection(CCFD), and the results indicate that it can obtain higher classification and detection performance than the-state-of-the-art methods.

Efficacy and prognostic analysis of carbon nanotracers combined with the da Vinci robot in the treatment of esophageal cancer

BACKGROUND Traditional methods cannot clearly visualize esophageal cancer(EC)tumor contours and metastases,which limits the clinical application of da Vinci robotassisted surgery.AIM To investigate the efficacy of the da Vinci robot in combination with nanocarbon lymph node tracers in radical surgery of EC.METHODS In total,104 patients with early-stage EC who were admitted to Liuzhou worker's Hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were enrolled.The patients were assigned to an observation group(n=52),which underwent da Vinci robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy(RAMIE)with the intraoperative use of nanocarbon tracers,and a control group(n=52),which underwent traditional surgery treatment.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative drainage tube indwelling time,hospital stay,number of lymph nodes dissected,incidence of complications,and long-term curative effects were comparatively analyzed.The postoperative stress response C-reactive protein(CRP),cortisol,epinephrine(E)and inflammatory response interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)were evaluated.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the observation group had significantly lower postoperative CRP,cortisol,and E levels(P<0.05)with a milder inflammatory response,as indicated by lower IL-6,IL-10,and TNF-αlevels(P<0.05).Patients who underwent RAMIE had less intraoperative blood loss and shorter operation times and hospital stays than those who underwent traditional surgery.The average number of dissected lymph nodes,time of lymph node dissection,and mean smallest lymph node diameter were all significantly lower in the observation group(P<0.05).The rate of postoperative complications was 5.77%in the observation group,significantly lower than the 15.38%observed in the control group.Furthermore,the lymphatic metastasis rate,reoperation rate,and 12-and 24-month cumulative mortality in the observation group were 1.92%,0%,0%,and 0%,respectively,all of which were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The treatment of EC using the da Vinci robot combined with nanocarbon lymph node tracers can achieve good surgical outcomes and demonstrates promising clinical applications.

Effect of CO_(2)flooding in an oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in the Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2)in oil and water and its displacement mechanism were investigated by laboratory experiment and numerical simulation for Block 9 in the Tahe oilfield,a sandstone oil reservoir with strong bottom-water drive in Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Such parameters were analyzed as solubility ratio of CO_(2)in oil,gas and water,interfacial tension,in-situ oil viscosity distribution,remaining oil saturation distribution,and oil compositions.The results show that CO_(2)flooding could control water coning and increase oil production.In the early stage of the injection process,CO_(2)expanded vertically due to gravity differentiation,and extended laterally under the action of strong bottom water in the intermediate and late stages.The CO_(2)got enriched and extended at the oil-water interface,forming a high interfacial tension zone,which inhibited the coning of bottom water to some extent.A miscible region with low interfacial tension formed at the gas injection front,which reduced the in-situ oil viscosity by about 50%.The numerical simulation results show that enhanced oil recovery(EOR)is estimated at 5.72%and the oil exchange ratio of CO_(2)is 0.17 t/t.