This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been...This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were detected by gas chromatography—mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 - 108 CFU per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. At the same time all three bacterial cenoses closely resemble each other in biodiversity. Their constant members are gg. Hyphomicrobium, Methylococcus, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Bacillus and Clostridium (Firmicutes), Rhodococcus and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria). There were found differences peculiar to the taxonomic structure of each microbial complex. The rhizosphere is dominated by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent. The bacteria of gg. Ochrobactrum, Xanthomonas, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobacterium and specific iron reducers were shown to belong to rhizosphere community. Genera of Agrobacterium and Bifidobacterium were found only in the endophytic microbiota of the young tuber while g. Aeromonas展开更多
The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed ...The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed the local peoples’ perception on its population status, its availability, factors causing its decline and management practices of this terrestrial orchids. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to gather information targeting the age group between 25 and 60 years (n = 75, 45 male and 30 female). Most of the informants (76%) believe that the abundance of this orchid is declining. Over grazing of domestic animals, over harvesting and lack of awareness among the local community were determined to be the major causes of decline of D. hatagirea in the study area. Protection measures as prescribed by the informants were control grazing, raising awareness among the individuals and sustainable harvestings for the long-term conservation of the species. Systematic management plans that incorporate the participation of local individuals and prioritization of their views will be applicable for the proper conservation of the species.展开更多
The nature of the interactions between microbes and roots of plants in a peaty soil were studied in a laboratory- based experiment by measuring activities ofβ-glucosidase,phosphatase,N-acetylglucosaminidase,and aryls...The nature of the interactions between microbes and roots of plants in a peaty soil were studied in a laboratory- based experiment by measuring activities ofβ-glucosidase,phosphatase,N-acetylglucosaminidase,and arylsulphatase.The experiment was based on control(autoclaved),bacteria-inoculated,and plant(transplanted with Dactylorhiza)treatments, and samples were collected over 4 sampling intervals.Higher enzyme activities were associated with the bacteria-inoculated treatment,suggesting that soil enzyme activities are mainly of microbial origin.For example,β-glucosidase activity varied between 25-30μmol g^(-1)min^(-1)in the bacteria-inoculated samples whilst the activity of the control ranged between 4-12μmol g^(-1)min^(-1)A similar pattern was found for all other enzymes. At the end of the incubation,the microcosms were destructively sampled and the enzyme activities determined in bulk soil,rhizospheric soil,and on the root surface.Detailed measurement in different fractions of the peat indicated that higher activities were found in rhizosphere.However,the higher activities ofβ-glucosidase,N-acetylglucosaminidase,and arylsulphatase appeared to be associated with bacterial proliferation on the root surface,whilst a larger proportion of phosphatase appeared to be released from root surface.展开更多
文摘This paper is focused on the first study of microbiota of a moderate climate orchid from Northern hemisphere—Moorland Spotted Orchid Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soó growing in its natural habitat. There have been obtained detailed data concerning bacterial communities from rhizosphere and inner tissues of young and old tubers. It was done using the biomarker analysis method where the markers were detected by gas chromatography—mass-spectrometry. It is shown that the number of bacterial genera and the bacteria amount (105 - 108 CFU per gram of dry weight) in D. maculata microbial complexes decreases from rhizosphere to old tuber to young. At the same time all three bacterial cenoses closely resemble each other in biodiversity. Their constant members are gg. Hyphomicrobium, Methylococcus, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas (Proteobacteria), Bacillus and Clostridium (Firmicutes), Rhodococcus and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria). There were found differences peculiar to the taxonomic structure of each microbial complex. The rhizosphere is dominated by Actinobacteria while in inner tissues Proteobacteria are prevalent. The bacteria of gg. Ochrobactrum, Xanthomonas, Butyrivibrio, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Propionibacterium, Sphingobacterium and specific iron reducers were shown to belong to rhizosphere community. Genera of Agrobacterium and Bifidobacterium were found only in the endophytic microbiota of the young tuber while g. Aeromonas
文摘The present study analyzes the information and perception of the local community of Samagaun VDC, Manaslu Conservation Area Project (MCAP) regarding Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soó (Orchidaceae). We assessed the local peoples’ perception on its population status, its availability, factors causing its decline and management practices of this terrestrial orchids. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to gather information targeting the age group between 25 and 60 years (n = 75, 45 male and 30 female). Most of the informants (76%) believe that the abundance of this orchid is declining. Over grazing of domestic animals, over harvesting and lack of awareness among the local community were determined to be the major causes of decline of D. hatagirea in the study area. Protection measures as prescribed by the informants were control grazing, raising awareness among the individuals and sustainable harvestings for the long-term conservation of the species. Systematic management plans that incorporate the participation of local individuals and prioritization of their views will be applicable for the proper conservation of the species.
基金Project supported by the Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Research Center(AEBRC),Koreathe Korea Science and Engineering Foundationthe Ecotopia 21 of Ministry of Environment,Korea.
文摘The nature of the interactions between microbes and roots of plants in a peaty soil were studied in a laboratory- based experiment by measuring activities ofβ-glucosidase,phosphatase,N-acetylglucosaminidase,and arylsulphatase.The experiment was based on control(autoclaved),bacteria-inoculated,and plant(transplanted with Dactylorhiza)treatments, and samples were collected over 4 sampling intervals.Higher enzyme activities were associated with the bacteria-inoculated treatment,suggesting that soil enzyme activities are mainly of microbial origin.For example,β-glucosidase activity varied between 25-30μmol g^(-1)min^(-1)in the bacteria-inoculated samples whilst the activity of the control ranged between 4-12μmol g^(-1)min^(-1)A similar pattern was found for all other enzymes. At the end of the incubation,the microcosms were destructively sampled and the enzyme activities determined in bulk soil,rhizospheric soil,and on the root surface.Detailed measurement in different fractions of the peat indicated that higher activities were found in rhizosphere.However,the higher activities ofβ-glucosidase,N-acetylglucosaminidase,and arylsulphatase appeared to be associated with bacterial proliferation on the root surface,whilst a larger proportion of phosphatase appeared to be released from root surface.
